[
 {
  "id": "binford1981",
  "title": "L. R. Binford (1981), Behavioral Archaeology and the “Pompeii Premise”",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "inspected": "printed pp. 195–196, 202, 205",
  "access": "Targeted passages read",
  "annotation": "Debate about inferential goals and the archaeological record; mixed deposits remain researchable. Comparative theory, not Carthage field evidence.",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Local study link; public redistribution permission not established",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "schiffer1985",
  "title": "M. B. Schiffer (1985), Is There a “Pompeii Premise” in Archaeology?",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "inspected": "printed pp. 18–20",
  "access": "Targeted passages read",
  "annotation": "Reply to Binford: household floor assemblages require formation-process analysis. Southwestern examples are not a Carthaginian deposition model.",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Local study link; public redistribution permission not established",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "hodder2004",
  "title": "I. Hodder and S. Hutson (2003), Reading the Past, third edition",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "inspected": "Copyright / ; printed pp. 156–157",
  "access": "Targeted passages read",
  "annotation": "Meaning, agency and history; contextual interpretation. Filename says 2004, but the inspected copyright page records first print publication in 2003.",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Local study link; public redistribution permission not established",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "lucas2005",
  "title": "G. Lucas (2005), The Archaeology of Time",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "inspected": "printed pp. 3–5",
  "access": "Targeted passages read",
  "annotation": "Relative sequences, periodization and calendrical dating; object manufacture and deposition dates must be distinguished.",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Local study link; public redistribution permission not established",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "orton2000",
  "title": "C. Orton (2000), Sampling in Archaeology",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "inspected": "printed pp. 14–15",
  "access": "Targeted passages read",
  "annotation": "Purposive and random sampling, finite populations and model assumptions. A visitor photograph collection has no demonstrated probability sample design.",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Local study link; public redistribution permission not established",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "lancaster2015",
  "title": "L. C. Lancaster (2015), Innovative Vaulting in the Architecture of the Roman Empire",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "inspected": "printed pp. 30–32; preface pp. xxiii–xxiv",
  "access": "Targeted passages read",
  "annotation": "Carthage scoria provenance, Leptiminus pumice and transport hypotheses. Printed p. 30 visually checked. Provenance analysis is stronger than visual resemblance; co-shipping remains a hypothesis.",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Local study link; public redistribution permission not established",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "yegul2019",
  "title": "F. Yegül and D. Favro (2019), Roman Architecture and Urbanism: From the Origins to Late Antiquity",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "inspected": "printed pp. 487, 492, 546, 549",
  "access": "Targeted passages read",
  "annotation": "Bath platform and an explicitly reconstructed axonometric. The broad historical framing on p. 492 is critically flagged: its salt story is not adopted as archaeological evidence.",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Local study link; public redistribution permission not established",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "rind2012",
  "title": "M. Rind (2009), Römische Villen in Nordafrika, BAR International Series 2012",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "inspected": "Title / ; Introduction /  (unnumbered)",
  "access": "Targeted passages read",
  "annotation": "Regional villa definition, economic and architectural diversity, and unequal documentation. Filename 2012 is the series number, not the publication year.  visually checked.",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Local study link; public redistribution permission not established",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "nielsen1990",
  "title": "I. Nielsen (1990), Thermae et Balnea: The Architecture and Cultural History of Roman Public Baths, vol. I",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "inspected": "printed pp. 84–85",
  "access": "Targeted passages read",
  "annotation": "Historical bath synthesis with source-distribution caveats and private bathing at Kerkouane in p. 84 n. 1. Its generalizations about nomadism and Romanization are treated as historiography, not adopted. Printed p. 84 visually checked.",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Local study link; public redistribution permission not established",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "koloski2015",
  "title": "A. O. Koloski-Ostrow (2015), The Archaeology of Sanitation in Roman Italy",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "inspected": "Preface p. xvii / ; printed p. 3",
  "access": "Targeted passages read",
  "annotation": "Combines structures, drainage connections, texts and inscriptions. Italy-based methodological comparison; no Carthage installation identification is transferred.",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Local study link; public redistribution permission not established",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "kaiser2011",
  "title": "A. Kaiser (2011), Roman Urban Street Networks",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "inspected": "printed pp. 52–53",
  "access": "Targeted passages read",
  "annotation": "Defines access depth and questions theoretical assumptions of plan analysis. Useful analytic vocabulary; modern park routes are not ancient street networks.",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Local study link; public redistribution permission not established",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "bente2018",
  "title": "K. Bente and C. Berthold (2018), Chaîne opératoire: A Link between Archaeology and Archaeometry",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "inspected": "printed pp. 42–43",
  "access": "Targeted passages read",
  "annotation": "Production processes, materials analysis, experimentation and falsifiable hypotheses. OCR is imperfect; terminology is summarized, not silently corrected into a quotation.",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Local study link; public redistribution permission not established",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "dyson2006",
  "title": "S. L. Dyson (2006), In Pursuit of Ancient Pasts",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "inspected": "printed pp. 60–61, 63",
  "access": "Targeted passages read",
  "annotation": "French colonial archaeological institutions, military identifications and Delattre’s Carthage work. A critical history of research, not grounds to discard every older observation.",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Local study link; public redistribution permission not established",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "hanoune2009",
  "title": "R. Hanoune (2009), La construction romaine en « opus Africanum » et ses renaissances",
  "url": "https://www.persee.fr/doc/acths_1764-7355_2009_act_131_3_1619",
  "inspected": "Full accessible opening page, printed p. 29; article pp. 29–39",
  "access": "Opening page read",
  "annotation": "Variable stone-chain-and-panel construction, modern terminology and rebuilt Dougga fabric. No date or ethnicity inferred from one photographed wall.",
  "type": "online-publication-or-record",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Original summaries and links only; no publication plates republished"
 },
 {
  "id": "utica2024",
  "title": "J. L. López Castro, I. Ben Jerbania, A. Mederos Martín, V. Martínez Hahnmüller and A. Ferjaoui (2024), Greek Geometric Ceramics from Phoenician Utica",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009474825.013",
  "inspected": "Publisher Summary, chapter pp. 363–397; online 30 May 2024",
  "access": "Published summary read; full chapter not accessed",
  "annotation": "Assemblage sealing a named well, pottery provenance and NAA. Title uses Well 20017; summary uses 200017. Identifier discrepancy retained; radiocarbon ranges not simplified into a foundation year.",
  "type": "online-publication-or-record",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Original summaries and links only; no publication plates republished"
 },
 {
  "id": "fazzan2013",
  "title": "D. J. Mattingly, ed. (2013), The Archaeology of Fazzān, vol. 4: Survey and Excavations at Old Jarma",
  "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2m7c4z0",
  "inspected": "Published book description and accessible chapter openings: ch. 4 pp. 117–134; ch. 21 pp. 615–662",
  "access": "Description and chapter openings read; tables not transcribed",
  "annotation": "Standing-building and buried sequences, AMS dating and concordance of context systems. Illustrates a publication architecture; no Jarma context is imported into Carthage.",
  "type": "online-publication-or-record",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Original summaries and links only; no publication plates republished"
 },
 {
  "id": "marea2023",
  "title": "J. Nikolaus, K. Westley and C. Breen (2023), Endangered maritime archaeology in North Africa – the MarEA Project",
  "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/libyan-studies/article/endangered-maritime-archaeology-in-north-africa-the-marea-project/37A94C07709BA316B0C8CF5182258DC5",
  "inspected": "Methods and Case Study 2: Shoreline change assessment, Sabratha, Libya; online 12 July 2023",
  "access": "Article sections read",
  "annotation": "Coastal condition monitoring and shoreline change. Modern image-series methods are not measurements of Punic coastlines.",
  "type": "online-publication-or-record",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Original summaries and links only; no publication plates republished"
 },
 {
  "id": "libya2025",
  "title": "N. Sheldrick, A. Buzaian and A. M. A. Mahmoud (2025), Training, fieldwork and collaboration in a new remote sensing method for heritage monitoring in Libya",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2025.10028",
  "inspected": "Abstract; Training workshops and case studies; Training feedback and outcomes; Libyan Studies 56, pp. 117–127",
  "access": "Article sections read",
  "annotation": "Change detection tested by Libyan fieldwork; Arabic-language training and in-person expertise. Publisher date: 11 November 2025; field activities: 2023–2024.",
  "type": "online-publication-or-record",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Original summaries and links only; no publication plates republished"
 },
 {
  "id": "mattingly2023",
  "title": "D. J. Mattingly (2023), Between Sahara and Sea: Africa in the Roman Empire",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.12308685",
  "inspected": "University of Michigan Press, Fall 2023 rights catalogue, : description and contents",
  "access": "Publisher description and contents only",
  "annotation": "Regional and social diversity, discrepant identities and African agency. A current reading priority, not a full-book evidential authority in this extension.",
  "evidence_url": "https://press.uchicago.edu/dam/jcr:937683b0-2661-4d44-9343-3601fe277f01/UMP_F23_International%20Rights%20Highlights.pdf",
  "type": "online-publication-or-record",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Original summaries and links only; no publication plates republished"
 },
 {
  "id": "kerkouane",
  "title": "UNESCO, Punic Town of Kerkuane and its Necropolis",
  "url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/332/",
  "inspected": "Description; Outstanding Universal Value; Integrity; Authenticity",
  "access": "Institutional site account read",
  "annotation": "Contrast in preservation and modern coastal protection. Heritage summary is not an excavation-context register; claims of unchanged appearance require qualification.",
  "type": "online-publication-or-record",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Original summaries and links only; no publication plates republished"
 },
 {
  "id": "ridley1986",
  "title": "R. T. Ridley (1986), To be Taken with a Pinch of Salt: The Destruction of Carthage",
  "url": "https://doi.org/10.1086/366973",
  "inspected": "Publisher bibliographic record; Classical Philology 81.2, pp. 140–146",
  "access": "Bibliographic record only",
  "annotation": "Research lead for the salt-story audit, not full-text support. The reader withholds the salt claim rather than reconstructing an inaccessible argument.",
  "type": "online-publication-or-record",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Original summaries and links only; no publication plates republished"
 },
 {
  "id": "cedac2022",
  "title": "INP (2022), CEDAC Carthage Bulletin 23, architectural discussion, pp. 44–45",
  "url": "https://www.inp2020.tn/cedac/CEDAC23.pdf",
  "inspected": "Search-index excerpts of figs. 5–9 and discussion on printed pp. 44–45",
  "access": "Indexed excerpts only; full PDF retrieval failed",
  "annotation": "Kerkouane / Byrsa plans and room-access graphs; upper walls and windows unresolved. Author and article title remain unverified; retained as a targeted follow-up, not attributed or used for a detailed claim.",
  "type": "online-publication-or-record",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Original summaries and links only; no publication plates republished"
 },
 {
  "id": "lezine1968",
  "title": "A. Lézine (1968), Carthage–Utique: études d’architecture et d’urbanisme",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "rights": "Local consultation only; republication permission unresolved",
  "annotation": "Architectural study of the Antonine Baths, including an explicit warning about incomplete plans, service-floor circulation, Room 18 deposits and competing collapse interpretations. Heights are local historical measurements, not current surveyed GIS elevations.",
  "inspected": "; printed pp. 3, 5–6, 70–73; Room 18 record p. 70 visually checked",
  "access": "; printed pp. 3, 5–6, 70–73; Room 18 record p. 70 visually checked",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "mills2013",
  "title": "P. Mills (2013), The Ancient Mediterranean Trade in Ceramic Building Materials",
  "type": "publication",
  "url": null,
  "rights": "Local consultation only; republication permission unresolved",
  "annotation": "Separates BM00S1 basilica from BM00S2 sondages, primary collapse from redeposition and context analysis from phase grouping. Table 1.3 is reproduced as a named legacy scheme, retaining its overlapping bands. No photograph-level fabric provenance is inferred.",
  "inspected": "; printed pp. 11–12, 16–17; Table 1.3 visually checked",
  "access": "; printed pp. 11–12, 16–17; Table 1.3 visually checked",
  "public_access": "cited; not available from this site."
 },
 {
  "id": "theatre",
  "title": "AMVPPC, Roman Theatre",
  "type": "online-resource",
  "url": "https://www.patrimoinedetunisie.com.tn/en/monuments/the-roman-theatre-of-carthage/overview/",
  "annotation": "The agency explicitly describes limited ancient survivals and modern adaptation for performances. Present seating cannot be treated wholesale as Roman fabric.",
  "inspected": "Overview section",
  "rights": "Link and short original summary only; image reuse not assessed",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "access": "Overview section"
 },
 {
  "id": "efrbyrsa",
  "title": "École française de Rome, Colline de Byrsa",
  "url": "https://www.efrome.it/en/la-recherche/archeologie/carthage-tunisie",
  "inspected": "Research account and bibliography; excavation campaign 1974–1991",
  "annotation": "Institutional account of archaic burials, workshops, Punic housing and Roman monumental redevelopment. Its 1846 cathedral date conflicts with Hoyos’s late-nineteenth-century account; that construction date is not adopted.",
  "type": "online-resource",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Linked primary resource and original summary; no remote plates or models copied",
  "access": "Research account and bibliography; excavation campaign 1974–1991"
 },
 {
  "id": "massoudaproject",
  "title": "R. Docter / White–Levy programme, Bir Massouda excavation project",
  "url": "https://whitelevy.fas.harvard.edu/bir-massouda-excavations-carthage-dermech",
  "inspected": "Project account and composite image caption, especially Trench 2",
  "annotation": "Provides a published floor-over-cistern relation and identifies earlier investigations. Its statement of continuous occupation is a project synthesis, not proof that every trench or building was continuously used.",
  "type": "online-resource",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "rights": "Linked primary resource and original summary; no remote plates or models copied",
  "access": "Project account and composite image caption, especially Trench 2"
 },
 {
  "id": "photoaudit",
  "title": "Supplied photographs: image screening and subject audit",
  "type": "project-observation",
  "url": "/carthage/data/image-audit.json",
  "inspected": "Existing atlas audit: 264 contact-screened images and four full-resolution checks. This archaeology reader: six additional display-derivative inspections, recorded separately.",
  "annotation": "Screening is not feature identification. Camera-area suggestions, depicted objects and visible materials are separate fields. No phase is assigned from appearance.",
  "rights": "User-supplied for local study; public release permission unresolved",
  "accessed": "2026-10-01",
  "access": "Bounded image audit; screening and individual inspection distinguished",
  "evidence_url": null
 }
]