{
 "type": "FeatureCollection",
 "name": "Selected North African archaeological comparisons",
 "license": "Pleiades geometry CC BY 3.0, individual contributors; original interpretation belongs to this local research edition",
 "features": [
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "volubilis",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     -5.554868564966925,
     34.07287467394213
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "volubilis",
    "name": "Volubilis",
    "country": "Morocco",
    "pleiades_id": "275740",
    "themes": [
     "urban",
     "later"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Roman-period",
     "Early medieval"
    ],
    "summary": "Read civic architecture alongside later occupation rather than freezing the city at its monumental peak.",
    "evidence": "The heritage account describes varied urban forms. Fenwick discusses an eighth-century complex and a small bath in relation to earlier North African and Eastern traditions.",
    "question": "Which structures continued in use, and which were rearranged? Compare with Carthage’s uneven later occupation.",
    "limit": "Heritage overview and synthesis; no room-by-room excavation sequence or surveyed boundary imported.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-volubilis",
      "locator": "Outstanding Universal Value"
     },
     {
      "source": "na-fenwick",
      "locator": "Printed p. 430; "
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Targeted publication passages",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/275740",
     "source_title": "Volubilis",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 5.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "generic-osm-accuracy-assessment,google-geoeye-2011",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 28 C5 Volubilis",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((-5.5511999 34.0695464, -5.5511999 34.0773618, -5.5592874 34.0773618, -5.5592874 34.0695464, -5.5511999 34.0695464))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "thamusida",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     -6.4903469029869845,
     34.334956386881906
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "thamusida",
    "name": "Thamusida",
    "country": "Morocco",
    "pleiades_id": "275734",
    "themes": [
     "production",
     "urban"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Roman-period"
    ],
    "summary": "A river-side settlement broadens the comparison beyond monumental capitals.",
    "evidence": "Wilson reports surface survey and geophysical work suggesting commercial and manufacturing areas outside the military enclosure, with selective excavation needed to test functions and dates.",
    "question": "Can production waste and geophysics reveal activities missed by monument-led excavation?",
    "limit": "Wilson’s 2002 account includes preliminary research. Activity areas are not digitized as established polygons.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-wilson",
      "locator": "Printed pp. 250–251; "
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Targeted publication passages",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/275734",
     "source_title": "Thamusida",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "dare-3,darmc-a,generic-osm-accuracy-assessment",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 28 B5 Thamusida",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((-6.4863351 34.3319499, -6.4863351 34.3385476, -6.4943609 34.3385476, -6.4943609 34.3319499, -6.4863351 34.3319499))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "lixus",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     -6.109951512805376,
     35.2002398463664
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "lixus",
    "name": "Lixus",
    "country": "Morocco",
    "pleiades_id": "275666",
    "themes": [
     "water",
     "knowledge"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Punic",
     "Roman-period"
    ],
    "summary": "An Atlantic-facing reference point helps question a Mediterranean-only framing.",
    "evidence": "The gazetteer identifies an ancient settlement and port in Mauretania Tingitana. The river and coastline displayed here are modern generalized context.",
    "question": "What dated coastal or river evidence would be needed before comparing harbour access with Utica?",
    "limit": "Gazetteer orientation only in this sweep; no Lixus harbour excavation or ancient shoreline model read.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "pleiades-gis",
      "locator": "places.csv, id 275666"
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Gazetteer orientation only",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/275666",
     "source_title": "Lixus",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "dare-3,generic-osm-accuracy-assessment",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 28 B3 Lixus",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((-6.1081103 35.1990262, -6.1081103 35.2024484, -6.1115739 35.2024484, -6.1115739 35.1990262, -6.1081103 35.1990262))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "tipasa",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     2.4419124257735243,
     36.59424638644093
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "tipasa",
    "name": "Tipasa",
    "country": "Algeria",
    "pleiades_id": "295363",
    "themes": [
     "later",
     "knowledge"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Punic",
     "Roman-period",
     "Late antique"
    ],
    "summary": "A coastal comparison with several kinds of urban, religious and funerary remains.",
    "evidence": "UNESCO’s opening description distinguishes Punic, Roman, Christian and Byzantine remains rather than a single exposed phase.",
    "question": "How do later religious and funerary spaces change the use of an earlier town?",
    "limit": "Opening overview read; no individual graves, buildings or contexts are assigned dates here.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-tipasa",
      "locator": "Opening English description"
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Institutional overview",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/295363",
     "source_title": "Tipasa",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "darmc-a,generic-osm-accuracy-assessment",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 30 D3 Tipasa",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((2.4475775 36.5919998, 2.4475775 36.5972601, 2.436903 36.5972601, 2.436903 36.5919998, 2.4475775 36.5919998))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "djemila",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     5.735386186581265,
     36.321014002996826
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "djemila",
    "name": "Djémila / Cuicul",
    "country": "Algeria",
    "pleiades_id": "305068",
    "themes": [
     "urban",
     "later"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Roman-period",
     "Late antique"
    ],
    "summary": "Mountain topography complicates the idea of one standard Roman city plan.",
    "evidence": "The heritage synthesis describes adaptation to a rocky spur, later expansion and Christian buildings.",
    "question": "Compare topographic constraints with Timgad’s initial grid and Carthage’s successive terraces.",
    "limit": "City reference point only; the atlas does not reconstruct street grades, construction episodes or buried phases.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-djemila",
      "locator": "Outstanding Universal Value: brief synthesis and criteria"
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Institutional overview",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/305068",
     "source_title": "Cuicul",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "generic-osm-accuracy-assessment",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 31 D4 Cuicul",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((5.7390267 36.3164817, 5.7390267 36.3253177, 5.7318361 36.3253177, 5.7318361 36.3164817, 5.7390267 36.3164817))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "timgad",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     6.4682224999999995,
     35.4852165
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "timgad",
    "name": "Timgad / Thamugadi",
    "country": "Algeria",
    "pleiades_id": "334636",
    "themes": [
     "urban",
     "later",
     "knowledge"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Roman-period",
     "Late antique"
    ],
    "summary": "The initial planned colony is one episode within a longer urban history.",
    "evidence": "UNESCO dates the foundation to 100 CE, describes expansion beyond the first enclosure and a later Byzantine fortress using material from earlier monuments.",
    "question": "Does a plan preserve a foundation, a later expansion or a modern excavation choice?",
    "limit": "The heritage account’s event-based end narrative is not treated as a regional destruction horizon; no universal phase map is inferred.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-timgad",
      "locator": "Outstanding Universal Value: brief synthesis"
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Institutional overview",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/334636",
     "source_title": "Thamugadi",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "dare-3,darmc-a",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 34 E2 Thamugadi",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((6.468636 35.485165, 6.468636 35.485268, 6.467809 35.485268, 6.467809 35.485165, 6.468636 35.485165))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "carthage",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     10.323056,
     36.853056
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "carthage",
    "name": "Carthage",
    "country": "Tunisia",
    "pleiades_id": "314921",
    "themes": [
     "urban",
     "water",
     "later",
     "knowledge",
     "rural"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Punic",
     "Roman-period",
     "Late antique",
     "Early medieval"
    ],
    "summary": "The dispersed urban palimpsest anchors the atlas and links back to its supplied photographs.",
    "evidence": "The existing Carthage reader distinguishes observed surfaces from published phasing. Fenwick describes severe late seventh-century disruption with uneven survival and later occupation.",
    "question": "Which local sequences can support a regional comparison without transferring dates to unlocated images?",
    "limit": "The regional point is separate from camera GPS, site areas and building controls. Neither 146 BCE nor 697–698 CE dates every visible wall.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-fenwick",
      "locator": "Printed pp. 428–430; "
     },
     {
      "source": "na-stone",
      "locator": "Printed pp. 9–11; "
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Targeted publication passages",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/314921",
     "source_title": "Carthago",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "dare-3",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 32 F3 Carthago",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((10.323056 36.853056, 10.323056 36.853056, 10.323056 36.853056, 10.323056 36.853056))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "utica",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     10.060007765147134,
     37.05587745032564
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "utica",
    "name": "Utica",
    "country": "Tunisia",
    "pleiades_id": "315248",
    "themes": [
     "water",
     "urban"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Punic",
     "Roman-period",
     "Late antique",
     "Medieval"
    ],
    "summary": "A former coastal town now inland makes the difference between modern and ancient geography especially clear.",
    "evidence": "Delile and colleagues combine GIS, sediment cores and dates to propose changing bay access and a northwestern harbour hypothesis. Figure 7 separates several modeled stages of delta infilling.",
    "question": "Compare the evidence needed to model Utica’s palaeocoast with evidence for Carthage’s harbour changes.",
    "limit": "The harbour location remains a hypothesis. No traced shoreline or core coordinate is extracted from the printed figure; today’s river line is not its ancient channel.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-delile",
      "locator": "Printed pp. 291–292, 302, 304; "
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Targeted publication passages",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/315248",
     "source_title": "Utica",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "dare-3,generic-osm-accuracy-assessment",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 32 F2 Utica",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((10.0660892 37.0491441, 10.0660892 37.0619709, 10.0516803 37.0619709, 10.0516803 37.0491441, 10.0660892 37.0491441))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "kerkouane",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     11.0989635111701,
     36.946397063805186
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "kerkouane",
    "name": "Kerkouane",
    "country": "Tunisia",
    "pleiades_id": "315050",
    "themes": [
     "urban",
     "knowledge"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Punic"
    ],
    "summary": "Punic urban remains with a different history of overbuilding provide a preservation comparison.",
    "evidence": "The heritage account describes a Punic town without subsequent Roman rebuilding and surviving domestic layouts, alongside modern coastal conservation needs.",
    "question": "Which features become legible when later urban construction is less extensive?",
    "limit": "Preservation contrast does not identify a Carthage wall or prove that every exposed surface retains its ancient appearance.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-kerkouane",
      "locator": "Description; Outstanding Universal Value; protection"
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Institutional overview",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/315050",
     "source_title": "Kerkouane",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "dare-3,darmc-a,generic-osm-accuracy-assessment",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 32 H3 Kerkouane",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((11.1007293 36.9430746, 11.1007293 36.9481945, 11.0969747 36.9481945, 11.0969747 36.9430746, 11.1007293 36.9430746))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "dougga",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     9.218689215310752,
     36.42323878194152
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "dougga",
    "name": "Dougga / Thugga",
    "country": "Tunisia",
    "pleiades_id": "315223",
    "themes": [
     "urban",
     "knowledge",
     "rural"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Roman-period"
    ],
    "summary": "Use an inland town to test whether civic status alone explains urban form.",
    "evidence": "The gazetteer controls the city identity. R. J. A. Wilson reports a contrast between elite villa examples elsewhere and survey around Dougga, where he infers a preference for urban residences. Dufton and Fentress caution against reading civic categories directly as spatial arrangements.",
    "question": "How do survey definition and coverage affect an apparent absence of elite rural residences, and how does that connect to urban habitation?",
    "limit": "The point locates the city, not its surveyed hinterland. A reported regional absence is not proof that every rural residence was absent; no survey polygon or building sequence is supplied.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "pleiades-gis",
      "locator": "places.csv, id 315223"
     },
     {
      "source": "na-dufton",
      "locator": "Printed pp. 175–178; "
     },
     {
      "source": "na-villas2018",
      "locator": "Printed p. 298; "
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Targeted publication passages; city anchor for hinterland question",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/315223",
     "source_title": "Thugga/Tokai?",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "generic-osm-accuracy-assessment",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 32 D4 Thugga/Tokai?",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((9.2215906 36.4200817, 9.2215906 36.4266902, 9.2154065 36.4266902, 9.2154065 36.4200817, 9.2215906 36.4200817))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "leptiminus",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     10.866332,
     35.678102
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "leptiminus",
    "name": "Leptiminus / Lepti Minus",
    "country": "Tunisia",
    "pleiades_id": "324767",
    "themes": [
     "production",
     "water"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Roman-period"
    ],
    "summary": "A coastal production centre directs attention to waste, kilns and less monumental activity.",
    "evidence": "Wilson reports survey evidence for pottery, amphora and ironworking waste, and geophysical anomalies followed by kiln excavation.",
    "question": "What sampling and verification would distinguish a workshop from redeposited production waste?",
    "limit": "The reported study is not a complete count of ancient workshops. No supplied Carthage image is assigned Leptiminus material provenance.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-wilson",
      "locator": "Printed pp. 250–251; "
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Targeted publication passages",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/324767",
     "source_title": "Lepti Minus",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "dare-3",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 33 G1 Lepti Minus",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((10.866332 35.678102, 10.866332 35.678102, 10.866332 35.678102, 10.866332 35.678102))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "bulla",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     8.754544554406804,
     36.55879668915152
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "bulla",
    "name": "Bulla Regia",
    "country": "Tunisia",
    "pleiades_id": "314912",
    "themes": [
     "later",
     "urban"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Roman-period",
     "Late antique",
     "Early medieval"
    ],
    "summary": "Continuity in a town can coexist with changing uses in one residential sector.",
    "evidence": "Fenwick discusses continued occupation of the urban core while the northern residential sector shifted toward burial and industrial activity after the sixth or seventh century.",
    "question": "Can a local change in function be mistaken for the abandonment of an entire city?",
    "limit": "This is a chapter’s synthesis of earlier work; no sector boundary, tomb date or context relationship has been digitized.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-fenwick",
      "locator": "Printed p. 429; "
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Targeted publication passages",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/314912",
     "source_title": "Bulla Regia",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "generic-osm-accuracy-assessment",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 32 C3 Bulla Regia",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((8.7595022 36.5551211, 8.7595022 36.5626519, 8.7510266 36.5626519, 8.7510266 36.5551211, 8.7595022 36.5551211))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "meninx",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     10.92283412613192,
     33.68790728002824
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "meninx",
    "name": "Meninx",
    "country": "Tunisia",
    "pleiades_id": "344439",
    "themes": [
     "production",
     "later"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Roman-period",
     "Late antique"
    ],
    "summary": "Production waste and later contraction ask different questions at the same place.",
    "evidence": "Wilson discusses extensive crushed murex and kiln waste, including reused material. Fenwick treats later contraction as one trajectory within a varied regional pattern.",
    "question": "How can primary waste, reuse in mortar and later deposition be distinguished?",
    "limit": "Neither shell distribution nor legal history establishes a single workshop footprint or a precise city-wide abandonment date.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-wilson",
      "locator": "Printed pp. 251, 254–255; "
     },
     {
      "source": "na-fenwick",
      "locator": "Printed p. 428; "
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Targeted publication passages",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/344439",
     "source_title": "Meninx (settlement)",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "generic-osm-accuracy-assessment",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 35 C1 Meninge",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((10.9309727 33.6810967, 10.9309727 33.6928797, 10.9158357 33.6928797, 10.9158357 33.6810967, 10.9309727 33.6810967))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "sabratha",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     12.485350228032107,
     32.8049535043008
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "sabratha",
    "name": "Sabratha",
    "country": "Libya",
    "pleiades_id": "344282",
    "themes": [
     "urban",
     "water",
     "later"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Punic",
     "Roman-period",
     "Late antique"
    ],
    "summary": "Earlier remains beneath later urban fabric and changing enclosure offer a coastal parallel.",
    "evidence": "The heritage synthesis describes earlier settlement traces beneath the Roman town, subsequent expansion and a smaller Byzantine enclosure.",
    "question": "Which changes reflect urban rebuilding, environmental processes or modern exposure?",
    "limit": "A broad site account cannot supply dated contacts between individual masonry units; no ancient trade route is drawn.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-sabratha",
      "locator": "Outstanding Universal Value: brief synthesis"
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Institutional overview",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/344282",
     "source_title": "Abrotonum/Sabratha",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "dare-3,generic-osm-accuracy-assessment",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 35 E2 Abrotonum/Sabratha",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((12.4957617 32.8022523, 12.4957617 32.8081279, 12.4785772 32.8081279, 12.4785772 32.8022523, 12.4957617 32.8022523))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "lepcis",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     14.297093517366152,
     32.636447832647285
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "lepcis",
    "name": "Lepcis / Leptis Magna",
    "country": "Libya",
    "pleiades_id": "344448",
    "themes": [
     "urban",
     "production",
     "later",
     "water"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Punic",
     "Roman-period",
     "Late antique",
     "Early medieval"
    ],
    "summary": "Monumental architecture, production traces and later occupation must be read together.",
    "evidence": "UNESCO outlines urban enlargement and harbour engineering. Wilson uses crushed murex in mortars to suggest dye production nearby. Fenwick describes later occupation concentrated around the port and other pockets.",
    "question": "What connects a civic monument to productive activity and its subsequent reuse?",
    "limit": "Wilson distinguishes suspected construction dates from excavation proof. A waste-bearing mortar does not locate the workshop or quantify output.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-lepcis",
      "locator": "Outstanding Universal Value"
     },
     {
      "source": "na-wilson",
      "locator": "Printed p. 255; "
     },
     {
      "source": "na-fenwick",
      "locator": "Printed p. 430; "
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Targeted publication passages",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/344448",
     "source_title": "Neapolis/Lepcis Magna",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "generic-osm-accuracy-assessment",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 35 G2 Neapolis/Lepcis Magna",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((14.3133856 32.6306801, 14.3133856 32.6423086, 14.2804416 32.6423086, 14.2804416 32.6306801, 14.3133856 32.6306801))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "cyrene",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     21.856538513413255,
     32.82002662733894
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "cyrene",
    "name": "Cyrene",
    "country": "Libya",
    "pleiades_id": "373778",
    "themes": [
     "urban",
     "knowledge"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Greek foundation",
     "Roman-period"
    ],
    "summary": "Cyrenaica broadens the comparison beyond a Punic-to-Roman model.",
    "evidence": "UNESCO’s opening summary identifies a Greek colonial foundation and later Roman-period history.",
    "question": "Which comparisons require different regional histories and source traditions?",
    "limit": "Opening account only; the cited earthquake is not a context-level date or demonstration of universal urban abandonment.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-cyrene",
      "locator": "Opening English description"
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Institutional overview",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/373778",
     "source_title": "Cyrene",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "dare-3,generic-osm-accuracy-assessment",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 38 C1 Cyrene",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((21.8647057 32.8157491, 21.8647057 32.825851, 21.848114 32.825851, 21.848114 32.8157491, 21.8647057 32.8157491))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "garama",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     13.063260707364593,
     26.544708029156432
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "garama",
    "name": "Jarma / Garama",
    "country": "Libya",
    "pleiades_id": "354115",
    "themes": [
     "desert",
     "water",
     "urban"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Garamantian"
    ],
    "summary": "Saharan urban and agricultural archaeology challenges a coast-centred account of Africa.",
    "evidence": "Mattingly discusses settlement and irrigation evidence, foggara groundwater access and a radiocarbon-supported regional chronology. Modern Fazzan is distinguished from ancient Phazania.",
    "question": "How did water access, settlement and agriculture develop beyond Mediterranean cities?",
    "limit": "These findings concern the Garamantian region, not every Saharan population. No exact caravan routes or aquifer surfaces are imported.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-mattingly",
      "locator": "Printed pp. 64–67; "
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Targeted publication passages",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/354115",
     "source_title": "Garama Metropolis",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "generic-osm-accuracy-assessment",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 36 C5 Garama Metropolis",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((13.0653155 26.5432944, 13.0653155 26.5461786, 13.0608604 26.5461786, 13.0608604 26.5432944, 13.0653155 26.5432944))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "alexandria",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     29.909773,
     31.201435
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "alexandria",
    "name": "Alexandria",
    "country": "Egypt",
    "pleiades_id": "727070",
    "themes": [
     "urban",
     "knowledge"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Ptolemaic",
     "Roman-period"
    ],
    "summary": "Architecture and cultural identity require more than style labels.",
    "evidence": "Abdelwahed discusses the complexity of inferring ethnicity from Alexandrian funerary imagery, domestic architecture and naming practices, mediating earlier studies.",
    "question": "What corroboration would distinguish legal status, cultural practice and personal identity?",
    "limit": "A stylistic resemblance or a Greek name is not a direct ethnicity marker. No Alexandrian tomb or urban footprint is reconstructed here.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-abdelwahed",
      "locator": "Introduction, printed p. 4; "
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Targeted publication passages",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/727070",
     "source_title": "Alexandria",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 10.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "darmc-a",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 74 B2 Alexandria",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((29.909773 31.201435, 29.909773 31.201435, 29.909773 31.201435, 29.909773 31.201435))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "dafana",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     32.17348533333334,
     30.860022333333337
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "dafana",
    "name": "Tell Dafana / Daphnai",
    "country": "Egypt",
    "pleiades_id": "727103",
    "themes": [
     "water",
     "knowledge"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Late Period",
     "Later attestations"
    ],
    "summary": "A frontier site illustrates the difference between a modern location and ancient name identification.",
    "evidence": "Leclère describes drainage and cultivation changing the landscape, and compiles ancient textual, epigraphic and transmitted name witnesses while noting incomplete definitive identification.",
    "question": "Which witness supports a place-name equation, and what would make it more secure?",
    "limit": "The gazetteer representative point and plausible name equation do not prove that every biblical, Greek or later witness refers to exactly the same settlement.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-lecle",
      "locator": "Printed pp. 1–3; , Figure 1"
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Targeted publication passages",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/727103",
     "source_title": "Daphnai",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 5.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 100.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "dare-3,darmc-b,google-earth-2016ff",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 74 G3 Daphnai",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((32.1774 30.858, 32.1774 30.861412, 32.171525 30.861412, 32.171525 30.858, 32.1774 30.858))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "berenike",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     35.474818850000005,
     23.91062525
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "berenike",
    "name": "Berenike · Red Sea",
    "country": "Egypt",
    "pleiades_id": "785986",
    "themes": [
     "desert",
     "water",
     "production",
     "knowledge"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Ptolemaic",
     "Roman-period"
    ],
    "summary": "A Red Sea port connects desert logistics with coastal evidence and a long history of exploration.",
    "evidence": "Sidebotham, Hense and Nouwens distinguish early clearing from sustained survey and excavation beginning in 1994. The gazetteer locates this Egyptian Berenike, separate from the Libyan namesake.",
    "question": "How can port sediment, water supply and settlement excavation be combined without assuming a route from a line on a map?",
    "limit": "Only selected local passages were read. The PCMA 2011 port report remains an indexed-excerpt lead; its cores and samples are not imported.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-sidebotham",
      "locator": "Printed p. 159; "
     },
     {
      "source": "na-berenike-project",
      "locator": "Indexed port-geoarchaeology excerpt"
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Targeted publication passages",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/785986",
     "source_title": "Berenice/Berenike",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 5.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 20.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "generic-osm-accuracy-assessment,google-geoeye-2011",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 80 inset Berenice",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((35.4759377 23.9103, 35.4759377 23.9109505, 35.4737 23.9109505, 35.4737 23.9103, 35.4759377 23.9103))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "memphis",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     31.255061,
     29.849491
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "memphis",
    "name": "Memphis",
    "country": "Egypt",
    "pleiades_id": "736963",
    "themes": [
     "urban",
     "knowledge"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Pharaonic",
     "Ptolemaic",
     "Later occupation"
    ],
    "summary": "A city and a dispersed funerary landscape require distinct spatial records.",
    "evidence": "The heritage synthesis discusses the capital and its settlement remains together with a much wider necropolis ensemble.",
    "question": "Which geometry refers to settlement, funerary activity or a modern heritage component?",
    "limit": "This city point is not the Giza–Dahshur serial property boundary or a marker for every pyramid. No complete Memphis stratigraphy is claimed.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-memphis",
      "locator": "Outstanding Universal Value: brief synthesis"
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Institutional overview",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/736963",
     "source_title": "Memphis",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 5.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 5.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "google-earth-2016ff",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 75 E1 Memphis",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((31.255061 29.849491, 31.255061 29.849491, 31.255061 29.849491, 31.255061 29.849491))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  },
  {
   "type": "Feature",
   "id": "thebes",
   "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [
     32.631884,
     25.664780999999998
    ]
   },
   "properties": {
    "id": "thebes",
    "name": "Thebes / Waset",
    "country": "Egypt",
    "pleiades_id": "786017",
    "themes": [
     "urban",
     "knowledge"
    ],
    "periods": [
     "Pharaonic",
     "Later occupation"
    ],
    "summary": "East-bank temples and west-bank funerary landscapes make a single dot particularly reductive.",
    "evidence": "The heritage synthesis distinguishes several temple and archaeological components on opposite banks of the Nile.",
    "question": "How should a distributed ensemble be presented without compressing every component into the capital’s point?",
    "limit": "Representative city point only; temple, cemetery and modern protected-property geometries are not interchangeable.",
    "refs": [
     {
      "source": "na-thebes",
      "locator": "Outstanding Universal Value: brief synthesis and components"
     }
    ],
    "reading_depth": "Institutional overview",
    "coordinate": {
     "source": "pleiades-gis",
     "uri": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/786017",
     "source_title": "Diospolis Magna/Thebai",
     "role": "Gazetteer representative point; regional orientation only",
     "crs": "WGS84 / longitude, latitude",
     "location_precision": "precise",
     "constituent_min_accuracy_meters": 100.0,
     "constituent_max_accuracy_meters": 10000.0,
     "accuracy_bases": "darmc-b,darmc-c",
     "location_types": "representative",
     "provenance": "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 80 B2 Diospolis Magna/Thebai",
     "bounding_box_wkt": "POLYGON ((32.647282 25.634785, 32.647282 25.694777, 32.616486 25.694777, 32.616486 25.634785, 32.647282 25.634785))",
     "retrieved": "2026-10-01",
     "snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3",
     "point_error_radius_meters": null,
     "limitation": "Accuracy values describe constituent precise locations, not a certified error radius for this representative point. A source precision category is not survey accuracy."
    },
    "atlas_version": 1,
    "research_seed_sha256": "7c974baf433774128283643e4aeda03a9f79b4dfa6eea6d41f8ce604eaab9965",
    "coordinate_snapshot_sha256": "2233415e1a468f2a2f28cf9da33709a497e24e1ace4129c1998c92458bcc46e3"
   }
  }
 ]
}