Cicero · Corpus & Law · 演说与法律

Read prosecutor selection alongside the speech and its evidence. · 将控告者选择与演说、证据并读。

《对凯基利乌斯的预审演说》读法:教学大纲

本大纲以演说本身为纲:读经的次第由文本定,语法与学术随之安排。每周开列本周所读章节、段旨、句法所在、重点段落、术语,以及与本周直接相关的参考文献。参考文献一律用原文著录。

段旨与句法两栏由 scripts/annotate_course_meetings.py 自诸家分段与读本的伍德科克索引生成;重点段落取自读本自身所标举的语例,各注其所属伍德科克章节;术语为本周章节中实际出现的短语,词条与释义出自预审篇短语表,出现与否在构建时于拉丁原文中逐节核对;参考文献取自各数据文件所载的版本与论著记录,未见于磁盘者不列;论及本周各节者一栏,取自全文读取所得的引用记录,编者与注家论及全篇,故只在常备书目中列出一次。

常备书目

每周进度

1

定向一:从拉丁传记文本读西塞罗生平

读拉丁与希腊史料中的西塞罗生平:八十至七十年代的辩护人,与公元前 70 年转任控诉的辩护人,以及他公共生涯中的人物。

2

定向二:共和晚期法庭程序,与语料库规模的法律词汇

在拉丁文本中逐段看一场 repetundae 审判如何进行:法律术语与法庭套语,并以西塞罗全集为语料统计其分布与分母。

3

定向三:《控维勒斯》文集、预审篇与散文节律

In Verrem 全集概览:本篇在文体与句法上如何代表整部文集,以及晚期古代从这篇演说中取走了什么,包括 clausulae。

4

小组作业(不上课):通读预审篇译本

不上课。成立工作小组,提交工作方案;通读预审篇译本。

5

§§1–5:Exordium 序论(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§1–5391 词

段旨第 1 至 5 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 Exordium,谓 quibus rebus adductus ad causam accesserit;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Einleitung,谓 Daß die Einleitung die §§ 1—9 umfaßt, darüber kann gar kein Zweifel herrschen;Stroh 1975 名之为 Prooemium,谓 with narratio 2-5 woven in, nicht ganz suo loco;Watson 2025 名之为 Exordium,谓 Anticipatio 1; Narratio 2-5; Exordium continued 6-9。此处所记疑难:序论其实是提前搬来的立论,借自辩之名而行:第 2 至 5 节预取立论一(第 11 至 22 节),第 6 至 9 节预取立论二(第 22 至 26 节),成 A-B-A-B 之形;之所以有陈事一节,是因为两次申请之前的经过本有争议,而西塞罗不愿公开去争。陈事不负举证之责,正好让他暗示一些并不存在的来龙去脉。

句法伍德科克 II、X、XVII:宾格加不定式、从句中的虚拟式、动名词与动形词。这几节实际所见的句法:伍德科克 II(不定式;宾格加不定式)第 29、32、33 条,见于本篇第 1 节、第 2 节、第 3 节、第 4 节、第 5 节;伍德科克 X(从句中的虚拟式;目的名词从句)第 134、136、139 条,见于本篇第 1 节、第 2 节、第 3 节、第 4 节、第 5 节;伍德科克 XVII(动名词与动形词)第 201、202、203、206 条,见于本篇第 1 节、第 4 节、第 5 节。读本注释于此段所举:ad accusandum(第 1 节);miratur me … descendere(第 1 节)。

重点段落

  1. neminem praeponendum mihi esse actorem putabit第 1 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、62、202 条
  2. ad accusandum第 1 节伍德科克 XVII · 动名词与动形词第 201 条
  3. commodis eorum me non defuturum第 2 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 32、59 条
  4. ut … causam defensionemque susciperem第 2 节伍德科克 X · 从句中的虚拟式;目的名词从句第 134、139 条
  5. venisse tempus aiebant … ut … defenderem第 3 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、168 条

术语

  • ad accusandum去控告:西塞罗以此说自己下场任控告人法庭定式·2 见
  • quaestor in在某行省任财务官法庭定式·2 见
  • in eadem provincia在同一行省常语·1 见
  • in hac causa在本案中常语·1 见
  • in sicilia在西西里常语·1 见
  • per triennium历时三年:维雷斯任期之长习语·1 见
  • provinciam siciliam西西里行省常语·1 见
  • quam ob rem因此:全篇论证转折处最常用的接续语句式·1 见
  • actor / accusator控告人制度术语

参考文献

  • Stroh 1975, 186 f. — The prooemium is an argumentatio pulled forward under the pretext of self-justification: 2-5 anticipate confirmatio I (11-22), 6-9 anticipate confirmatio II (22-26), giving A-B-A-B.Teach 1-9 with 11-26, not before them. A syllabus that treats the exordium as preliminary matter loses the speech.
  • Stroh 1975, 185; quoted in part by Watson 2025, 22 — The narratio exists because the events leading to the two postulationes were in fact disputed, and Cicero declines to dispute them openly. Its non-probative character lets him suggest backgrounds that do not exist.The narratio is evidence about the dispositio, not about the events.
  • Stroh 1975, 182-3 — It is highly probable that Caecilius, not Cicero, petitioned the praetor first: in a rhetorical duel the second place is the better one, and Cicero attacks while Caecilius answers.The order of speaking is a formal datum about the proceeding and can be argued from.
  • Stroh 1975, 186 with n. 40 — dicebam habere eos actorem Q. Caecilium is deliberately ambiguous, and the dilemma Cicero performs at 4 is not his own but the jury's: he acts out their decision as already taken.One of the two best short passages for teaching dispositio in the speech.
  • Quintilian, Inst. iv. 1. 49 — on §1: qui tot annos ] qui per tot annos (G2L)
  • Quintilian, Inst. ix. 2. 59 — on §4: habere eos ] habere eos (prδ)
6

§§6–8:Exordium 序论(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§6–8219 词

段旨第 6 至 8 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 Exordium,谓 quibus rebus adductus ad causam accesserit;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Einleitung,谓 Daß die Einleitung die §§ 1—9 umfaßt, darüber kann gar kein Zweifel herrschen;Stroh 1975 名之为 Prooemium,谓 with narratio 2-5 woven in, nicht ganz suo loco;Watson 2025 名之为 Exordium,谓 Anticipatio 1; Narratio 2-5; Exordium continued 6-9。此处所记疑难:序论其实是提前搬来的立论,借自辩之名而行:第 2 至 5 节预取立论一(第 11 至 22 节),第 6 至 9 节预取立论二(第 22 至 26 节),成 A-B-A-B 之形。

句法伍德科克 III、XIV、XVI:夺格、直接与间接疑问、条件从句。这几节实际所见的句法:伍德科克 III(夺格的功能)第 43、45、49、53 条,见于本篇第 6 节、第 8 节;伍德科克 XVI(条件从句)第 197、198、199 条,见于本篇第 6 节。本次所读而这几节未见其例者:伍德科克 XIV(直接与间接疑问);此章须就全篇取例。读本注释于此段所举:homo singulari cupiditate, audacia, scelere praeditus(第 6 节);quodsi … non haberem … non petissent … non intercederet … profiterer(第 6 节)。

重点段落

  1. quodsi … non haberem … non petissent … non intercederet … profiterer第 6 节伍德科克 XVI · 条件从句第 197、198、199 条
  2. me agente第 6 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 49 条
  3. quid est quod … debeat … possit … sit?第 7 节伍德科克 IX · 虚拟式的替代形式:义务、必要、许可、可能;直接命令与禁止第 122、137、155 条
  4. quid est … in quo … prodesse possim?第 7 节伍德科克 IV · 与格的功能;非人称被动第 59、137 条
  5. iudiciorum desiderio … iudiciorum levitate … iudicum culpa atque dedecore第 8 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 45、206 条

术语

  • rei publicae国家的;rei publicae causa 为国家之故法庭定式·2 见
  • esse debeat应当是句式·1 见
  • hanc causam本案常语·1 见
  • hoc tempore在此时句式·1 见
  • in achaia asia在阿凯亚与亚细亚:维雷斯早年劫掠之地习语·1 见
  • in iudicium上庭;in iudicium vocare 传之到庭法庭定式·1 见
  • in sicilia在西西里常语·1 见
  • me agente由我来主持此案法庭定式·1 见
  • actor / accusator控告人制度术语

参考文献

  • Stroh 1975, 186 f. — The prooemium is an argumentatio pulled forward under the pretext of self-justification: 2-5 anticipate confirmatio I (11-22), 6-9 anticipate confirmatio II (22-26), giving A-B-A-B.Teach 1-9 with 11-26, not before them. A syllabus that treats the exordium as preliminary matter loses the speech.
7

§§9–10:Exordium 序论、Partitio 分项(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§9–10119 词

段旨第 9 至 10 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 Divisio,谓 place per Quint. 3.9.1;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 transitio,谓 eine transitio κατ' ἐξοχήν: Cicero turns to his real theme;Stroh 1975 名之为 Partitio,谓 announces at least the first two main parts of the confirmatio;Watson 2025 名之为 Partitio,谓 how to choose a prosecutor。段内有关节:第 9 节、第 10 节。此处所记疑难:序论其实是提前搬来的立论,借自辩之名而行:第 2 至 5 节预取立论一(第 11 至 22 节),第 6 至 9 节预取立论二(第 22 至 26 节),成 A-B-A-B 之形。

句法伍德科克 I、XX、XXIII、XXIV:宾格、qui 与 cum、间接引语及其从句。这几节实际所见的句法:伍德科克 XX(关系从句(qui)与 cum 的用法)第 233、236 条,见于本篇第 9 节、第 10 节;伍德科克 XXIV(间接引语中的从句)第 272 条,见于本篇第 9 节、第 10 节。本次所读而这几节未见其例者:伍德科克 I(宾格)、伍德科克 XXIII(间接引语);此章须就全篇取例。读本注释于此段所举:ut homines idonei atque integri causam rei publicae legumque susciperent(第 9 节);fateor me … accessisse(第 9 节)。

重点段落

  1. ad eam partem … rei publicae sublevandae quae maxime laboraret第 9 节伍德科克 XII · 泛指与结果关系从句(qui)第 155、206、272 条
  2. cum … arbitrarer第 9 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、236 条
  3. cum … deferatur, si … sit第 10 节伍德科克 XIV · 直接与间接疑问第 178、194、195 条
  4. ut … quid sequi possitis habeatis第 10 节伍德科克 X · 从句中的虚拟式;目的名词从句第 134、178、206 条

术语

  • rei publicae国家的;rei publicae causa 为国家之故法庭定式·2 见
  • ad causam就本案而言常语·1 见
  • de pecuniis repetundis关于追还款项:本案罪名,亦即法庭之名法庭定式·1 见
  • delatio detur准其提控:预审所争者正是此事法庭定式·1 见
  • his tot incommodis为这许多祸患所困习语·1 见
  • maxime velint他们最愿意常语·1 见
  • populi romani罗马人民的法庭定式·1 见
  • quaestio de pecuniis repetundis勒索钱财案常设法庭制度术语
  • actor / accusator控告人制度术语
  • delatio nominis / nomen deferre控告权制度术语

参考文献

  • Stroh 1975, 186 f. — The prooemium is an argumentatio pulled forward under the pretext of self-justification: 2-5 anticipate confirmatio I (11-22), 6-9 anticipate confirmatio II (22-26), giving A-B-A-B.Teach 1-9 with 11-26, not before them. A syllabus that treats the exordium as preliminary matter loses the speech.
8

§§11–13:Confirmatio I 立论一(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§11–13254 词

段旨第 11 至 13 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 1,谓 quod se Siculi maxime velint;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 1,谓 die Wünsche der beiden Parteien — what each side wants, in two sub-parts;Stroh 1975 名之为 Partitio,谓 announces at least the first two main parts of the confirmatio;Watson 2025 名之为 Confirmatio I,谓 the candidate most desirable to the victims。段内有关节:第 11 节。此处所记疑难:序论其实是提前搬来的立论,借自辩之名而行:第 2 至 5 节预取立论一(第 11 至 22 节),第 6 至 9 节预取立论二(第 22 至 26 节),成 A-B-A-B 之形;之所以有陈事一节,是因为两次申请之前的经过本有争议,而西塞罗不愿公开去争。陈事不负举证之责,正好让他暗示一些并不存在的来龙去脉。

句法伍德科克 XXI:原因从句与让步从句。这几节实际所见的句法:伍德科克 XXI(原因与让步从句)第 240、241、244 条,见于本篇第 11 节、第 12 节、第 13 节。读本注释于此段所举:Siciliam provinciam C. Verres … depopulatus esse … vastasse … exinanisse … spoliasse dicitur(第 11 节);me defensorem … me ultorem … me cognitorem … me actorem … esse voluerunt(第 11 节)。

重点段落

  1. tametsi … arbitror … tamen … dicam第 11 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、244 条
  2. me defensorem … me ultorem … me cognitorem … me actorem … esse voluerunt第 11 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、72 条
  3. quod ita percrebruit, Siculos omnis … quaesisse第 12 节伍德科克 XXI · 原因与让步从句第 240、241 条
  4. utrum … dices … an …?第 12 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、45、170 条
  5. scit is … C. Marcellus, scit is … Cn. Lentulus Marcellinus第 13 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、43、62 条

术语

  • actorem causae案件的主持人:预审所要指定的正是此职法庭定式·1 见
  • actorem causae totius全案的主持人法庭定式·1 见
  • ad causam就本案而言常语·1 见
  • de pecuniis repetundis关于追还款项:本案罪名,亦即法庭之名法庭定式·1 见
  • in consilio在审判团中法庭定式·1 见
  • in hac causa在本案中常语·1 见
  • iuris sui其自身权利的法庭定式·1 见
  • nostrae civitatis我邦的法庭定式·1 见
  • quaestio de pecuniis repetundis勒索钱财案常设法庭制度术语
  • actor / accusator控告人制度术语

参考文献

  • Stroh 1975, 186 f. — The prooemium is an argumentatio pulled forward under the pretext of self-justification: 2-5 anticipate confirmatio I (11-22), 6-9 anticipate confirmatio II (22-26), giving A-B-A-B.Teach 1-9 with 11-26, not before them. A syllabus that treats the exordium as preliminary matter loses the speech.
  • Stroh 1975, 185; quoted in part by Watson 2025, 22 — The narratio exists because the events leading to the two postulationes were in fact disputed, and Cicero declines to dispute them openly. Its non-probative character lets him suggest backgrounds that do not exist.The narratio is evidence about the dispositio, not about the events.
  • Stroh 1975, 182-3 — It is highly probable that Caecilius, not Cicero, petitioned the praetor first: in a rhetorical duel the second place is the better one, and Cicero attacks while Caecilius answers.The order of speaking is a formal datum about the proceeding and can be argued from.
9

§§14–16:Confirmatio I 立论一(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§14–16202 词

段旨第 14 至 16 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 1,谓 quod se Siculi maxime velint;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 1,谓 die Wünsche der beiden Parteien — what each side wants, in two sub-parts;Stroh 1975 名之为 confirmatio I,谓 quem maxime velint actorem esse ii quibus factae esse dicantur iniuriae — anticipated by §§2–5;Watson 2025 名之为 Confirmatio I,谓 the candidate most desirable to the victims。此处所记疑难:先向长官提出申请的很可能是凯基利乌斯而非西塞罗:对辩之中后发者占便宜,而全篇是西塞罗进攻、凯基利乌斯应答。

句法伍德科克 IV:与格与无人称被动。这几节实际所见的句法:伍德科克 IV(与格的功能;非人称被动)第 62、67、68 条,见于本篇第 15 节、第 16 节。读本注释于此段所举:quarum duarum si adessent … minuerentur(第 14 节);qui praesentes vos orant atque obsecrant … ut … ne discrepet(第 14 节)。

重点段落

  1. hi sciunt hoc … petitum esse … esse petitum ut … suscipienda fuerit … repudiandum第 14 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、136、202 条
  2. sed quid ego his testibus utor, quasi res dubia aut obscura sit?第 14 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 43、169、170 条
  3. nescio cur hoc mihi detrimento esse debeat第 15 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、68、122 条
  4. si esset dubium petissent necne, dicerem cur petissent第 15 节伍德科克 XIV · 直接与间接疑问第 178、180、197 条
  5. me omnibus patronis esse praepositum第 16 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、62 条

术语

  • hoc non modo此事不但句式·2 见
  • me potissimum尤以我为宜常语·2 见
  • non modo不但:与 sed etiam 相配,为全篇最常用的递进格式句式·2 见
  • causae suae他自己案子的常语·1 见
  • esse debeat应当是句式·1 见
  • in oratione mea在我这篇陈辞里习语·1 见
  • non modo a不但由句式·1 见
  • non modo in不但在句式·1 见
  • actor / accusator控告人制度术语

参考文献

  • Stroh 1975, 182-3 — It is highly probable that Caecilius, not Cicero, petitioned the praetor first: in a rhetorical duel the second place is the better one, and Cicero attacks while Caecilius answers.The order of speaking is a formal datum about the proceeding and can be argued from.
  • (Ps.-)Probus, Keil, Grammatici Latini iv, p. 41 (De catholicis, the de structuris chapter) — on §14: his civitatibus ] his civitatibus (Keil prints Peterson's reading; is/iis is codex B and Putschius) (—)
10

§§17–19:Confirmatio I 立论一、Digressio 旁论(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§17–19212 词

段旨第 17 至 19 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 1,谓 quod se Siculi maxime velint;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 1,谓 die Wünsche der beiden Parteien — what each side wants, in two sub-parts;Stroh 1975 名之为 confirmatio I,谓 quem maxime velint actorem esse ii quibus factae esse dicantur iniuriae — anticipated by §§2–5;Watson 2025 名之为 Digressio,谓 lex de pecuniis repetundis。

句法伍德科克 IX:义务、必要、可能;命令与禁止。这几节实际所见的句法:伍德科克 IX(虚拟式的替代形式:义务、必要、许可、可能;直接命令与禁止)第 122 条,见于本篇第 17 节、第 18 节、第 19 节。读本注释于此段所举:cum hoc constet, Siculos a me petisse(第 17 节);reliquum est iam ut illud quaeramus(第 17 节)。

重点段落

  1. nam civibus cum sunt ereptae pecuniae, civili fere actione et privato iure repetuntur第 17 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 43、44、232 条
  2. ecquid … valere oporteat, ecquid auctoritatis … habere debeant第 17 节伍德科克 V · 属格的功能第 77、178、206 条
  3. si qua reliqua spes est quae sociorum animos consolari possit第 18 节伍德科克 IX · 虚拟式的替代形式:义务、必要、许可、可能;直接命令与禁止第 122、155、194 条
  4. cuius legis … severi custodes requiruntur第 18 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 41 条
  5. quis ergo est qui neget oportere eorum arbitratu lege agi …?第 19 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 45、122、137 条

术语

  • de pecuniis repetundis关于追还款项:本案罪名,亦即法庭之名法庭定式·1 见
  • de pecuniis repetundis sociorum关于追还盟邦的款项法庭定式·1 见
  • non modo不但:与 sed etiam 相配,为全篇最常用的递进格式句式·1 见
  • non modo a不但由句式·1 见
  • populi romani罗马人民的法庭定式·1 见
  • populo romano对罗马人民法庭定式·1 见
  • quorum causa为了这些人常语·1 见
  • sicilia tota全西西里习语·1 见
  • quaestio de pecuniis repetundis勒索钱财案常设法庭制度术语
  • actor / accusator控告人制度术语

参考文献

  • Aulus Gellius, Gellius, NA 13.25.9 (LCL 200, pp. 490–491) — on §19: fuit ] fuit (prG1δ)
11

§§20–21:Confirmatio I 立论一(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§20–21181 词

段旨第 20 至 21 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 1,谓 quod se Siculi maxime velint;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 1,谓 die Wünsche der beiden Parteien — what each side wants, in two sub-parts;Stroh 1975 名之为 confirmatio I,谓 quem maxime velint actorem esse ii quibus factae esse dicantur iniuriae — anticipated by §§2–5;Watson 2025 名之为 Confirmatio I,谓 the candidate most desirable to the victims。

句法伍德科克 XII:qui 引导的类指从句与结果从句。这几节实际所见的句法:伍德科克 XII(泛指与结果关系从句(qui))第 155 条,见于本篇第 20 节。读本注释于此段所举:quisquam tam impudens reperietur qui … audeat?(第 20 节);The imagined speech(第 20 节)。

重点段落

  1. quisquam tam impudens reperietur qui … audeat?第 20 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 49、50、137 条
  2. si tibi, Q. Caecili, hoc Siculi dicerent … nonne id dicerent quod cuivis probare deberent?第 20 节伍德科克 XIV · 直接与间接疑问第 170、197、198 条
  3. cur nolint, etiamsi taceant, satis dicunt; verum non tacent第 21 节伍德科克 XIV · 直接与间接疑问第 178、244 条

术语

  • eius modi这一类的,如此的句式·1 见
  • fortunarum suarum他们自己的身家习语·1 见
  • fortunas defendere护其身家习语·1 见
  • in eius modi在这一类的句式·1 见
  • in provincia在行省常语·1 见
  • iuris sui其自身权利的法庭定式·1 见
  • non modo不但:与 sed etiam 相配,为全篇最常用的递进格式句式·1 见
  • potius quam宁可……而不句式·1 见

参考文献

  • Ps.-Asconius, None — on §21: taceant ] tacent (—)
  • Julius Rufinianus, None — on §21: sua causa ] sua causa (DΨ)
12

§22:Confirmatio I 立论一、Confirmatio II 立论二(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §2292 词

段旨第 22 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 2,谓 quod se Verres minime velit;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 1,谓 die Wünsche der beiden Parteien — what each side wants, in two sub-parts;Stroh 1975 名之为 confirmatio II,谓 quem minime velit is qui eas iniurias fecisse arguatur — anticipated by §§6–9;Watson 2025 名之为 Confirmatio II,谓 the candidate least desirable to the accused。段内有关节:第 22 节。此处所记疑难:序论其实是提前搬来的立论,借自辩之名而行:第 2 至 5 节预取立论一(第 11 至 22 节),第 6 至 9 节预取立论二(第 22 至 26 节),成 A-B-A-B 之形;通谋一项,西塞罗既不能证明,也不能说到可信,前后并不一贯:第 36 节以下所设想的凯基利乌斯是无能而不失诚实的。这项指控以略过之法说出,因为它本是此体裁的固定题目。

句法伍德科克 XI:目的关系从句与目的状语从句,及目的分词。本次所读而这几节未见其例者:伍德科克 XI(目的关系从句与副词从句;表达目的的其他方法;目的分词);此章须就全篇取例。读本注释于此段所举:ecquis umquam tam palam de honore, tam vehementer de salute sua contendit quam ille …?(第 22 节);te actore quem eorum adfuturum putas …?(第 22 节)。

重点段落

  1. te actore quem eorum adfuturum putas …?第 22 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、32、49 条
  2. sunt multa quae Verres in me esse arbitratur, quae scit in te, Caecili, non esse第 22 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、77、82 条

术语

  • cuius modi何种的句式·1 见
  • de honore关于体面所系常语·1 见
  • delatio detur准其提控:预审所争者正是此事法庭定式·1 见
  • maxime velint他们最愿意常语·1 见
  • me siculi西西里人……我常语·1 见
  • siculi maxime西西里人尤其常语·1 见
  • te actore以你为案件主持人法庭定式·1 见
  • actor / accusator控告人制度术语
  • delatio nominis / nomen deferre控告权制度术语

参考文献

  • Stroh 1975, 186 f. — The prooemium is an argumentatio pulled forward under the pretext of self-justification: 2-5 anticipate confirmatio I (11-22), 6-9 anticipate confirmatio II (22-26), giving A-B-A-B.Teach 1-9 with 11-26, not before them. A syllabus that treats the exordium as preliminary matter loses the speech.
  • Stroh 1975, 177 — Cicero can neither prove the praevaricatio charge nor make it probable, and does not carry it through consistently: 36 ff. presuppose an incapable but honest Caecilius. The charge is delivered as praeteritio because it belongs to the fixed topics of the genre.Quintilian's third quaestio (fides) is gestured at rather than argued; 29 says so: quibus ego nunc non utor.
13

§§23–26:Confirmatio II 立论二(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§23–26335 词

段旨第 23 至 26 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 2,谓 quod se Verres minime velit;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 1,谓 die Wünsche der beiden Parteien — what each side wants, in two sub-parts;Stroh 1975 名之为 confirmatio II,谓 quem minime velit is qui eas iniurias fecisse arguatur — anticipated by §§6–9;Watson 2025 名之为 Confirmatio II,谓 the candidate least desirable to the accused。此处所记疑难:序论其实是提前搬来的立论,借自辩之名而行:第 2 至 5 节预取立论一(第 11 至 22 节),第 6 至 9 节预取立论二(第 22 至 26 节),成 A-B-A-B 之形;通谋一项,西塞罗既不能证明,也不能说到可信,前后并不一贯:第 36 节以下所设想的凯基利乌斯是无能而不失诚实的。这项指控以略过之法说出,因为它本是此体裁的固定题目。

句法伍德科克 XIII:ut 引导的结果从句。这几节实际所见的句法:伍德科克 XIII(结果副词从句与名词从句(ut))第 168 条,见于本篇第 23 节、第 26 节。读本注释于此段所举:da mihi hoc; concede … quod cum dederis … illud dederis, ut is absolvatur cuius ego causa laboro(第 23 节);id dicam quod tacitus tu mihi adsentiare(第 23 节)。

重点段落

  1. da mihi hoc; concede … quod cum dederis … illud dederis, ut is absolvatur cuius ego causa laboro第 23 节伍德科克 IX · 虚拟式的替代形式:义务、必要、许可、可能;直接命令与禁止第 126、168、194 条
  2. id dicam quod tacitus tu mihi adsentiare第 23 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、59、155 条
  3. videt enim, si … translata sit, sese in iudiciis diutius dominari non posse第 24 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、201、205 条
  4. atque is non tam propter Verrem laborat quam quod eum minime res tota delectat第 24 节伍德科克 XXI · 原因与让步从句第 240、241 条
  5. ut mihi non unus homo improbus opprimendus sit … sed omnino omnis improbitas … exstinguenda atque delenda sit第 26 节伍德科克 I · 宾格第 15、168、202 条

术语

  • sine ulla毫无习语·2 见
  • in consilio在审判团中法庭定式·1 见
  • in oratione mea在我这篇陈辞里习语·1 见
  • me agente由我来主持此案法庭定式·1 见
  • populi romani罗马人民的法庭定式·1 见
  • populus romanus罗马人民法庭定式·1 见
  • quadruplator职业告发人制度术语

参考文献

  • Stroh 1975, 186 f. — The prooemium is an argumentatio pulled forward under the pretext of self-justification: 2-5 anticipate confirmatio I (11-22), 6-9 anticipate confirmatio II (22-26), giving A-B-A-B.Teach 1-9 with 11-26, not before them. A syllabus that treats the exordium as preliminary matter loses the speech.
  • Stroh 1975, 177 — Cicero can neither prove the praevaricatio charge nor make it probable, and does not carry it through consistently: 36 ff. presuppose an incapable but honest Caecilius. The charge is delivered as praeteritio because it belongs to the fixed topics of the genre.Quintilian's third quaestio (fides) is gestured at rather than argued; 29 says so: quibus ego nunc non utor.
  • Ps.-Asconius, None — on §24: sententias ] sententiam (LK)
  • Ps.-Asconius, None — on §25: ipse vult uti ] condicione sit (—)
  • Ps.-Asconius, None — on §26: non unus ] non unus (prb)
14

§§27–30:Digressio 旁论(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§27–30389 词

段旨第 27 至 30 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 3,谓 quod ea sine quibus causa sustineri non possit Caecilium deficiant: integritatem 27-28, veritatem 29-35, facultatem agendi 35-51;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 2,谓 quam multa esse oporteat in eo, qui alterum accuset — with the excursus on the subscriptores;Stroh 1975 名之为 Confirmatio,谓 the constructively probative part;Watson 2025 名之为 Digressio,谓 on the ideal prosecutor。此处所记疑难:通谋一项,西塞罗既不能证明,也不能说到可信,前后并不一贯:第 36 节以下所设想的凯基利乌斯是无能而不失诚实的。这项指控以略过之法说出,因为它本是此体裁的固定题目。

句法伍德科克 V:属格的功能。这几节实际所见的句法:伍德科克 V(属格的功能)第 72、77 条,见于本篇第 27 节、第 30 节。读本注释于此段所举:cognosce ex me, quoniam hoc primum tempus discendi nactus es(第 27 节);quo tempore aut qua in re … specimen aliquod dedisti … tute tui periculum fecisti?(第 27 节)。

重点段落

  1. quid negoti sit + the infinitive job-description.第 27 节伍德科克 V · 属格的功能第 77、178 条
  2. quo tempore aut qua in re … specimen aliquod dedisti … tute tui periculum fecisti?第 27 节伍德科克 V · 属格的功能第 72 条
  3. Siculos hoc dicere, cum eidem sint irati cui tu te inimicum esse dicis, sese tamen te actore ad iudicium non adfuturos第 28 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、32、49 条
  4. quare negent ex me non audies: hos patere id suspicari quod necesse est第 28 节伍德科克 XIV · 直接与间接疑问第 178 条
  5. permulta esse crimina quorum tibi societas cum Verre eius modi est ut … attingere non audeas第 30 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、72、136 条

术语

  • cum verre与维雷斯常语·3 见
  • non modo不但:与 sed etiam 相配,为全篇最常用的递进格式句式·3 见
  • ex sicilia litteras自西西里来的文书:即书证习语·2 见
  • necesse est必然如此,势所必至句式·2 见
  • a verre为维雷斯所常语·1 见
  • ab siculis由西西里人;自西西里人处常语·1 见
  • eius modi这一类的,如此的句式·1 见
  • esse oportet理当是句式·1 见
  • actor / accusator控告人制度术语

参考文献

  • Stroh 1975, 177 — Cicero can neither prove the praevaricatio charge nor make it probable, and does not carry it through consistently: 36 ff. presuppose an incapable but honest Caecilius. The charge is delivered as praeteritio because it belongs to the fixed topics of the genre.Quintilian's third quaestio (fides) is gestured at rather than argued; 29 says so: quibus ego nunc non utor.
  • Ps.-Asconius, None — on §28: ab Siculis ] a Sic. (Ψ)
  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter plus industriae aut uirium sit allaturus ad accusandum — which will bring more energy and forceexpanded far beyond its usual scope
  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter id fide meliore facturus — which will do it in better faiththe praevaricatio charge; distributed as praeteritio, never proved (Stroh 1975, 177)
15

期中考试

期中考试。所考拉丁生文只取自七卷语料。

16

§§31–35:Digressio 旁论(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§31–35375 词

段旨第 31 至 35 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 3,谓 quod ea sine quibus causa sustineri non possit Caecilium deficiant: integritatem 27-28, veritatem 29-35, facultatem agendi 35-51;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 2,谓 quam multa esse oporteat in eo, qui alterum accuset — with the excursus on the subscriptores;Stroh 1975 名之为 Confirmatio,谓 the constructively probative part;Watson 2025 名之为 Digressio,谓 on the ideal prosecutor。

句法伍德科克 XV:quominus、quin 与表畏惧的动词。这几节实际所见的句法:伍德科克 XV(quominus 与 quin;畏惧动词后的从句)第 187 条,见于本篇第 31 节、第 33 节、第 34 节。读本注释于此段所举:sin praetermittes, qualis erit tua ista accusatio, quae … pertimescat?(第 31 节);utrum … praetermittes an obicies?(第 31 节)。

重点段落

  1. utrum … praetermittes an obicies?第 31 节伍德科克 IV · 与格的功能;非人称被动第 68、136、150 条
  2. sin praetermittes, qualis erit tua ista accusatio, quae … pertimescat?第 31 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 45、72、155 条
  3. eras enim tu quaestor, pecuniam publicam tu tractabas … tua potestas erat第 32 节伍德科克 X · 从句中的虚拟式;目的名词从句第 139、194、199 条
  4. daturus es huic crimini quod et potuisti prohibere ne fieret et debuisti, an totum id relinques?第 33 节伍德科克 IV · 与格的功能;非人称被动第 68、104、150 条
  5. sin autem de accusatione dicimus, concedas oportet iis qui nullo suo peccato impediuntur quo minus alterius peccata demonstrare possint第 34 节伍德科克 IX · 虚拟式的替代形式:义务、必要、许可、可能;直接命令与禁止第 123、150、187 条

术语

  • ex parte在某一方面,就一部分而言习语·2 见
  • non modo不但:与 sed etiam 相配,为全篇最常用的递进格式句式·2 见
  • quo minus以致不能:用于阻止一类动词之后句式·2 见
  • te accusante由你来控告法庭定式·2 见
  • ab siculis由西西里人;自西西里人处常语·1 见
  • in accusando在控告之中法庭定式·1 见
  • in eadem provincia在同一行省常语·1 见
  • in foro在广场:法庭上的声名由此而来习语·1 见

参考文献

  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter plus industriae aut uirium sit allaturus ad accusandum — which will bring more energy and forceexpanded far beyond its usual scope
  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter id fide meliore facturus — which will do it in better faiththe praevaricatio charge; distributed as praeteritio, never proved (Stroh 1975, 177)
17

§§36–39:Digressio 旁论(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§36–39299 词

段旨第 36 至 39 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 3,谓 quod ea sine quibus causa sustineri non possit Caecilium deficiant: integritatem 27-28, veritatem 29-35, facultatem agendi 35-51;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 2,谓 quam multa esse oporteat in eo, qui alterum accuset — with the excursus on the subscriptores;Stroh 1975 名之为 Confirmatio,谓 the constructively probative part;Watson 2025 名之为 Digressio,谓 on the ideal prosecutor。此处所记疑难:这是为凯基利乌斯而设的一部小型修辞术:首尾都是修辞之分部(hypokrisis、mneme、heuresis、taxis、lexis),中间嵌入演说家的三职(docere、movere、delectare),并点出教育的三要素(physis、techne、melete)。

句法伍德科克 XXII:比较从句。本次所读而这几节未见其例者:伍德科克 XXII(比较从句);此章须就全篇取例。读本注释于此段所举:aut enim id mihi satis est quod est de me opinionis, quidquid est, aut … maius id commemorando facere non possum(第 36 节);nihil dico de meo ingenio; neque est quod possim dicere, neque si esset dicerem(第 36 节)。

重点段落

  1. nihil dico de meo ingenio; neque est quod possim dicere, neque si esset dicerem第 36 节伍德科克 X · 从句中的虚拟式;目的名词从句第 137、155、197 条
  2. cum omnis adrogantia odiosa est, tum illa ingeni atque eloquentiae multo molestissima第 36 节伍德科克 V · 属格的功能第 72、82、231 条
  3. putasne te posse … sustinere?第 37 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、43、44 条
  4. Q1第 38 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、43、44 条
  5. Q2第 38 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 33、168 条

术语

  • non solum不但,不仅句式·2 见
  • putasne te posse你以为你能吗句式·2 见
  • quem ad modum如何;正如句式·2 见
  • a pueritia自幼习语·1 见
  • eius modi这一类的,如此的句式·1 见
  • in achaia asia在阿凯亚与亚细亚:维雷斯早年劫掠之地习语·1 见
  • in eius modi在这一类的句式·1 见
  • in sicilia在西西里常语·1 见

参考文献

  • Stroh 1975, 176 n. 15; cf. Craig 1985, 443-4 — A small techne rhetorike in usum Caecilii: it opens and closes with the partes rhetoricae (hypokrisis, mneme, heuresis, taxis, lexis), has the officia oratoris set inside it (docere, movere, delectare), and names the three educational factors (physis, techne, melete).A whole meeting on the parts of the art can be taught from three sections of Latin.
  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter plus industriae aut uirium sit allaturus ad accusandum — which will bring more energy and forceexpanded far beyond its usual scope
18

§§40–46:Digressio 旁论(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§40–46497 词

段旨第 40 至 46 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 3,谓 quod ea sine quibus causa sustineri non possit Caecilium deficiant: integritatem 27-28, veritatem 29-35, facultatem agendi 35-51;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 2,谓 quam multa esse oporteat in eo, qui alterum accuset — with the excursus on the subscriptores;Stroh 1975 名之为 Confirmatio,谓 the constructively probative part;Watson 2025 名之为 Digressio,谓 on the ideal prosecutor。

句法伍德科克 VIII:语气,及独立使用的虚拟式。这几节实际所见的句法:伍德科克 VIII(语气;独立使用的虚拟式)第 113、114、121 条,见于本篇第 40 节、第 41 节、第 43 节。读本注释于此段所举:utinam quidem essent!(第 40 节);quam longe tu te ab his rebus abesse arbitrare … quae et quantae sint suspicari potes?(第 40 节)。

重点段落

  1. utinam quidem essent!第 40 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 42、60、113 条
  2. quam longe tu te ab his rebus abesse arbitrare … quae et quantae sint suspicari potes?第 40 节伍德科克 XIV · 直接与间接疑问第 178、232 条
  3. ita mihi deos velim propitios ut …第 41 节伍德科克 VIII · 语气;独立使用的虚拟式第 113 条
  4. cum illius mihi temporis venit in mentem quo die citato reo mihi dicendum sit第 41 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 49、73、202 条
  5. timeo quidnam … dignum eloqui possim第 42 节伍德科克 IV · 与格的功能;非人称被动第 58、153、172 条

术语

  • non modo不但:与 sed etiam 相配,为全篇最常用的递进格式句式·2 见
  • omni ratione用尽一切方法习语·2 见
  • a pueritia自幼习语·1 见
  • eius modi这一类的,如此的句式·1 见
  • in foro在广场:法庭上的声名由此而来习语·1 见
  • in iudicium上庭;in iudicium vocare 传之到庭法庭定式·1 见
  • in mentem到心上来;in mentem venire 想起习语·1 见
  • ipsam causam案子本身常语·1 见

参考文献

  • Priscian, None — on §41: illius mihi temporis ] both orders (π / DΨb)
  • Priscian, None — on §45: facessieris ] facesseris (reporting facessieris as a variant in some copies) (pq)
  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter plus industriae aut uirium sit allaturus ad accusandum — which will bring more energy and forceexpanded far beyond its usual scope
19

§47:Digressio 旁论、Confirmatio III 立论三(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §47122 词

段旨第 47 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 3,谓 quod ea sine quibus causa sustineri non possit Caecilium deficiant: integritatem 27-28, veritatem 29-35, facultatem agendi 35-51;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 2,谓 quam multa esse oporteat in eo, qui alterum accuset — with the excursus on the subscriptores;Stroh 1975 名之为 Refutatio,谓 from §47 on the opponent's arguments begin to be reported — Stroh's ground for the boundary;Watson 2025 名之为 Confirmatio III,谓 subscriptores。段内有关节:第 47 节。

句法伍德科克 VII:分词的用法。本次所读而这几节未见其例者:伍德科克 VII(分词的用法);此章须就全篇取例。读本注释于此段所举:The double protasis(第 47 节);huiusce rei iudicium iam continuo video futurum(第 47 节)。

重点段落

  1. huiusce rei iudicium iam continuo video futurum第 47 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29 条
  2. esto, ipse nihil est, nihil potest; at venit paratus…第 47 节伍德科克 IX · 虚拟式的替代形式:义务、必要、许可、可能;直接命令与禁止第 127 条

术语

  • esse debet必得是句式·1 见
  • is qui princeps居首之人:主持案件者常语·1 见
  • verum tamen然而,虽则如此句式·1 见
  • subscriptor副诉人制度术语

参考文献

  • Ps.-Asconius, None — on §47: omnibus … rebus ] in omnibus (—)
  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter plus industriae aut uirium sit allaturus ad accusandum — which will bring more energy and forceexpanded far beyond its usual scope
20

§§48–51:Confirmatio III 立论三(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§48–51366 词

段旨第 48 至 51 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 3,谓 quod ea sine quibus causa sustineri non possit Caecilium deficiant: integritatem 27-28, veritatem 29-35, facultatem agendi 35-51;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 2,谓 quam multa esse oporteat in eo, qui alterum accuset — with the excursus on the subscriptores;Stroh 1975 名之为 Refutatio,谓 from §47 on the opponent's arguments begin to be reported — Stroh's ground for the boundary;Watson 2025 名之为 Confirmatio III,谓 subscriptores。

句法伍德科克 VI:夺格与属格的其他用法。这几节实际所见的句法:伍德科克 VI(夺格与属格的其他用法)第 82、84 条,见于本篇第 48 节、第 49 节。读本注释于此段所举:The Greek-actor simile(第 48 节);habet alienum, hunc tamen a subselliis(第 48 节)。

重点段落

  1. habet alienum, hunc tamen a subselliis第 48 节伍德科克 XIV · 直接与间接疑问第 178、180、205 条
  2. ne is quidem tantum contendet … sed consulet laudi et existimationi tuae … ut tu tamen aliquid esse videare第 48 节伍德科克 IV · 与格的功能;非人称被动第 59、134 条
  3. §50 init.第 49 节伍德科克 X · 从句中的虚拟式;目的名词从句第 136、202、203 条
  4. iam hoc considerate, cuius modi accusatores … simus habituri第 49 节伍德科克 IX · 虚拟式的替代形式:义务、必要、许可、可能;直接命令与禁止第 126、178、180 条
  5. sic breviter … quasi praeteriens satis faciam universis第 50 节伍德科克 IV · 与格的功能;非人称被动第 61、62 条

术语

  • in dicendo在陈辞之际习语·4 见
  • ad causam就本案而言常语·1 见
  • cuius modi何种的句式·1 见
  • non solum不但,不仅句式·1 见
  • potius quam宁可……而不句式·1 见
  • actor / accusator控告人制度术语
  • subscriptor副诉人制度术语
  • delatio nominis / nomen deferre控告权制度术语

参考文献

  • Ps.-Asconius, None — on §48: a subselliis ] ab subselliis (qr)
  • Ps.-Asconius, None — on §49: moratorum ] moratorum (p)
  • Ps.-Asconius, None — on §50: ad columnam Maeniam ] ad columnam Maeniam (—)
  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter plus industriae aut uirium sit allaturus ad accusandum — which will bring more energy and forceexpanded far beyond its usual scope
21

§§52–55:Reprehensio I 驳论一(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§52–55320 词

段旨第 52 至 55 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 4,谓 quod ipse maiores causas habeat quam Caecilius;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 3,谓 die äußere Begründung der beiderseitigen Ansprüche: a negative part against Caecilius' grounds and a positive one for Cicero's;Stroh 1975 名之为 Refutatio,谓 from §47 on the opponent's arguments begin to be reported — Stroh's ground for the boundary;Watson 2025 名之为 Reprehensio I,谓 iniuria non facta。段内有关节:第 52 节。

句法伍德科克 XIX:时间从句。这几节实际所见的句法:伍德科克 XIX(时间从句)第 221 条,见于本篇第 53 节。读本注释于此段所举:quid enim dices? an id quod dictitas, iniuriam tibi fecisse Verrem? arbitror(第 52 节);qui si te recte monere volet, suadebit tibi ut hinc discedas neque mihi verbum ullum respondeas(第 52 节)。

重点段落

  1. quid enim dices? an id quod dictitas, iniuriam tibi fecisse Verrem? arbitror第 52 节伍德科克 IV · 与格的功能;非人称被动第 59、121、155 条
  2. quid ad haec dici potest? non enim quaero quid tu dicturus sis; video … hunc librum esse responsurum第 52 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、178、180 条
  3. tu dum tuas iniurias per te … persequi conaris, id agis ut … sint impunitae atque inultae第 53 节伍德科克 XIII · 结果副词从句与名词从句(ut)第 168、221 条
  4. hoc te praeterit, non id solum spectari solere, qui debeat, sed etiam illud, qui possit ulcisci第 53 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29、178 条
  5. opinor, concedes multo hoc et esse gravius et ab omnibus ferri gravius oportere; concede igitur ut tibi anteponatur in accusando provincia第 54 节伍德科克 IV · 与格的功能;非人称被动第 62、82、139 条

术语

  • actorem causae案件的主持人:预审所要指定的正是此职法庭定式·1 见
  • actorem causae totius全案的主持人法庭定式·1 见
  • in accusando在控告之中法庭定式·1 见
  • in sicilia在西西里常语·1 见
  • provinciam siciliam西西里行省常语·1 见
  • tuas iniurias你所受的冤:凯基利乌斯自称之冤常语·1 见
  • ultorem iniuriarum雪冤之人法庭定式·1 见
  • veneris esse属于维纳斯法庭定式·1 见
  • actor / accusator控告人制度术语

参考文献

  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter maiores causas habeat — which has the greater grievanceCaecilius' strongest ground; answered rather than asked
22

§§56–58:Reprehensio I 驳论一(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§56–58252 词

段旨第 56 至 58 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 4,谓 quod ipse maiores causas habeat quam Caecilius;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 3,谓 die äußere Begründung der beiderseitigen Ansprüche: a negative part against Caecilius' grounds and a positive one for Cicero's;Stroh 1975 名之为 Refutatio,谓 from §47 on the opponent's arguments begin to be reported — Stroh's ground for the boundary;Watson 2025 名之为 Reprehensio I,谓 iniuria non facta。此处所记疑难:通谋一项,西塞罗既不能证明,也不能说到可信,前后并不一贯:第 36 节以下所设想的凯基利乌斯是无能而不失诚实的。这项指控以略过之法说出,因为它本是此体裁的固定题目。

句法本次不新授章节,就阿戈尼斯一事的叙述整合从句系统。本次不新授章节。这几节所重用者为已读诸章:伍德科克 XV(quominus 与 quin;畏惧动词后的从句)、伍德科克 XVII(动名词与动形词)、伍德科克 XXIV(间接引语中的从句)、伍德科克 II(不定式;宾格加不定式)。读本注释于此段所举:iudicium dat statim, SI PARET EAM SE ET SVA VENERIS ESSE DIXISSE(第 56 节);Lilybaeum Verres venit postea; rem cognoscit, factum improbat, cogit … adnumerare et reddere(第 56 节)。

重点段落

  1. iudicium dat statim, SI PARET EAM SE ET SVA VENERIS ESSE DIXISSE第 56 节伍德科克 XV · quominus 与 quin;畏惧动词后的从句第 186、187 条
  2. Lilybaeum Verres venit postea; rem cognoscit, factum improbat, cogit … adnumerare et reddere第 56 节伍德科克 I · 宾格第 8、272 条
  3. denique de iniuria quae tibi facta sit neminem nostrum graviorem iudicem esse oportet quam te ipsum, cui facta dicitur第 58 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 33、155、272 条
  4. utrum te perfidiosum an praevaricatorem existimari mavis? … quo minus utrum velis eligas第 58 节伍德科克 XIV · 直接与间接疑问第 170、182、187 条

术语

  • a verre为维雷斯所常语·1 见
  • de iniuria关于所受之冤常语·1 见
  • esse oportet理当是句式·1 见
  • in gratiam复归于好;in gratiam redire 和解习语·1 见
  • quo minus以致不能:用于阻止一类动词之后句式·1 见
  • quod necesse此事必然句式·1 见
  • veneris esse属于维纳斯法庭定式·1 见
  • veneris nomine以维纳斯之名:阿戈尼斯所执之辞法庭定式·1 见
  • praevaricatio / praevaricator通同作弊的假原告制度术语
  • recuperatores审理人制度术语

参考文献

  • Stroh 1975, 177 — Cicero can neither prove the praevaricatio charge nor make it probable, and does not carry it through consistently: 36 ff. presuppose an incapable but honest Caecilius. The charge is delivered as praeteritio because it belongs to the fixed topics of the genre.Quintilian's third quaestio (fides) is gestured at rather than argued; 29 says so: quibus ego nunc non utor.
  • Priscian, None — on §57: repente ] omits repente (—)
  • Julius Rufinianus, None — on §57: e vestigio ] omits e vestigio (—)
  • Ps.-Asconius, None — on §57: Circaeo ] Circes (G₂LK)
  • Priscian, None — on §57: rediit ] rediit (G1)
  • Ps.-Asconius, None — on §58: dicis ] dicis (pG1K)
  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter maiores causas habeat — which has the greater grievanceCaecilius' strongest ground; answered rather than asked
  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter id fide meliore facturus — which will do it in better faiththe praevaricatio charge; distributed as praeteritio, never proved (Stroh 1975, 177)
23

§§59–60:Reprehensio II 驳论二(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§59–60166 词

段旨第 59 至 60 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 4,谓 quod ipse maiores causas habeat quam Caecilius;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 3,谓 die äußere Begründung der beiderseitigen Ansprüche: a negative part against Caecilius' grounds and a positive one for Cicero's;Stroh 1975 名之为 Refutatio,谓 from §47 on the opponent's arguments begin to be reported — Stroh's ground for the boundary;Watson 2025 名之为 Reprehensio II,谓 quaestor eius qui accusatur。

句法本次不新授章节,就 necessitudo 一段整合间接引语。本次不新授章节。这几节所重用者为已读诸章:伍德科克 XVI(条件从句)、伍德科克 XVII(动名词与动形词)、伍德科克 XII(泛指与结果关系从句(qui))、伍德科克 II(不定式;宾格加不定式)。读本注释于此段所举:nisi forte illud, quod dicturum te esse audio, quaestorem illius fuisse(第 59 节);in contentione suscipiendarum inimicitiarum ridiculum est putare causam necessitudinis ad inferendum periculum iustam videri oportere(第 59 节)。

重点段落

  1. quae causa gravis esset, si certares mecum uter nostrum illi amicior esse deberet第 59 节伍德科克 IV · 与格的功能;非人称被动第 58、178、193 条
  2. in contentione suscipiendarum inimicitiarum ridiculum est putare causam necessitudinis ad inferendum periculum iustam videri oportere第 59 节伍德科克 XVII · 动名词与动形词第 206、207 条
  3. si plurimas … accepisses, tamen eas ferendo maiorem laudem quam ulciscendo mererere第 60 节伍德科克 XVI · 条件从句第 197、198、199 条
  4. cum vero nullum illius in vita rectius factum sit quam id quod tu iniuriam appellas第 60 节伍德科克 XII · 泛指与结果关系从句(qui)第 155、207、236 条

术语

  • causam necessitudinis以名分为提控之由法庭定式·1 见
  • de iniuria关于所受之冤常语·1 见
  • hanc causam本案常语·1 见
  • non modo不但:与 sed etiam 相配,为全篇最常用的递进格式句式·1 见
  • quaestor eius他的财务官:凯基利乌斯与维雷斯的关系法庭定式·1 见
  • quam ob rem因此:全篇论证转折处最常用的接续语句式·1 见
  • sine ulla毫无习语·1 见

参考文献

  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter maiores causas habeat — which has the greater grievanceCaecilius' strongest ground; answered rather than asked
  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter id fide meliore facturus — which will do it in better faiththe praevaricatio charge; distributed as praeteritio, never proved (Stroh 1975, 177)
24

§§61–65:Reprehensio II 驳论二(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§61–65475 词

段旨第 61 至 65 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 5,谓 quod vetus consuetudo institutumque maiorum sibi suffragetur;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 3,谓 die äußere Begründung der beiderseitigen Ansprüche: a negative part against Caecilius' grounds and a positive one for Cicero's;Stroh 1975 名之为 Refutatio,谓 from §47 on the opponent's arguments begin to be reported — Stroh's ground for the boundary;Watson 2025 名之为 Reprehensio II,谓 quaestor eius qui accusatur。

句法伍德科克 XVIII:无人称动词。本次所读而这几节未见其例者:伍德科克 XVIII(非人称动词);此章须就全篇取例。读本注释于此段所举:ac vide quid differat inter meam opinionem ac tuam(第 61 节);sic enim a maioribus nostris accepimus …(第 61 节)。

重点段落

  1. tu cum omnibus rebus inferior sis, hac una in re te mihi anteferri putas oportere, quod quaestor illius fueris第 61 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 55、62、236 条
  2. ego, si superior omnibus rebus esses, hanc unam ob causam te accusatorem repudiari putarem oportere第 61 节伍德科克 XVI · 条件从句第 193、197 条
  3. ista quaestura ad eam rem valet, ut elaborandum tibi in ratione reddenda sit … non ut … postulandum sit ut tibi potissimum accusatio detur第 62 节伍德科克 X · 从句中的虚拟式;目的名词从句第 136、178、204 条
  4. neque fere umquam venit in contentionem de accusando qui quaestor fuisset, quin repudiaretur第 62 节伍德科克 XV · quominus 与 quin;畏惧动词后的从句第 186、187、196 条
  5. dubitare quisquam potest quin honestius sit … accusare?第 65 节伍德科克 XII · 泛指与结果关系从句(qui)第 155、186、187 条

术语

  • sociorum atque amicorum盟邦与友邦的:罗马公文语中称行省人的定式法庭定式·3 见
  • atque amicorum populi romani以及罗马人民的友邦的法庭定式·2 见
  • eorum causa为了他们常语·2 见
  • omnibus rebus在一切事上常语·2 见
  • populi romani罗马人民的法庭定式·2 见
  • quaestor fueris你曾任财务官法庭定式·2 见
  • quam ob rem因此:全篇论证转折处最常用的接续语句式·2 见
  • qui quaestor以财务官之身而法庭定式·2 见
  • quaestio de pecuniis repetundis勒索钱财案常设法庭制度术语
  • actor / accusator控告人制度术语
  • delatio nominis / nomen deferre控告权制度术语

参考文献

  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter maiores causas habeat — which has the greater grievanceCaecilius' strongest ground; answered rather than asked
  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter id fide meliore facturus — which will do it in better faiththe praevaricatio charge; distributed as praeteritio, never proved (Stroh 1975, 177)
25

§§66–70:Digressio 旁论(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §§66–70318 词

段旨第 66 至 70 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 probatio 5,谓 quod vetus consuetudo institutumque maiorum sibi suffragetur;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 3,谓 die äußere Begründung der beiderseitigen Ansprüche: a negative part against Caecilius' grounds and a positive one for Cicero's;Stroh 1975 名之为 Refutatio,谓 from §47 on the opponent's arguments begin to be reported — Stroh's ground for the boundary;Watson 2025 名之为 Digressio,谓 consuetudo maiorum。

句法伍德科克 XXV:间接引语中的条件从句;repraesentatio。本次所读而这几节未见其例者:伍德科克 XXV(间接引语中的条件句;repraesentatio);此章须就全篇取例。读本注释于此段所举:clarissimi viri nostrae civitatis temporibus optimis hoc sibi amplissimum pulcherrimumque ducebant(第 66 节);nuper Cn. Domitium scimus M. Silano diem dixisse propter unius hominis Aegritomari … iniurias(第 67 节)。

重点段落

  1. clarissimi viri nostrae civitatis temporibus optimis hoc sibi amplissimum pulcherrimumque ducebant第 66 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 41 条
  2. nuper Cn. Domitium scimus M. Silano diem dixisse propter unius hominis Aegritomari … iniurias第 67 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 29 条
  3. sociorum querimoniae delatae ad hominem non inertissimum, susceptae ab eo qui videbatur eorum fortunas fide diligentiaque sua posse defendere第 67 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 33 条
  4. putant fore ut … administrentur第 68 节伍德科克 II · 不定式;宾格加不定式第 32 条
  5. §70 init.第 69 节伍德科克 XX · 关系从句(qui)与 cum 的用法第 235 条

术语

  • moleste ferunt他们心里不快习语·2 见
  • populi romani罗马人民的法庭定式·2 见
  • fortunas defendere护其身家习语·1 见
  • his tot incommodis为这许多祸患所困习语·1 见
  • in iudicium上庭;in iudicium vocare 传之到庭法庭定式·1 见
  • is qui princeps居首之人:主持案件者常语·1 见
  • non modo不但:与 sed etiam 相配,为全篇最常用的递进格式句式·1 见
  • nostrae civitatis我邦的法庭定式·1 见
  • actor / accusator控告人制度术语
  • subscriptor副诉人制度术语
  • quadruplator职业告发人制度术语

参考文献

  • Ps.-Asconius, None — on §70: et contaminatis ] et contaminatis (Lq2r)
  • Quint. Inst. 7.4.33, which quotes Cicero's divisio and then gives the questions that were usual — uter id fide meliore facturus — which will do it in better faiththe praevaricatio charge; distributed as praeteritio, never proved (Stroh 1975, 177)
26

§71:Digressio 旁论、Conclusio 结论(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §71111 词

段旨第 71 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 Peroratio,谓 se eum esse cui tanta causa committi possit;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 3,谓 die äußere Begründung der beiderseitigen Ansprüche: a negative part against Caecilius' grounds and a positive one for Cicero's;Stroh 1975 名之为 Peroratio,谓 resümierend;Watson 2025 名之为 Conclusio,谓 final comparatio on the sententia of 71。段内有关节:第 71 节。

句法本次不新授章节,考察诸 exempla 中的间接引语。本次不新授章节。这几节所重用者为已读诸章:伍德科克 XII(泛指与结果关系从句(qui))、伍德科克 XIII(结果副词从句与名词从句(ut))、伍德科克 XXIV(间接引语中的从句)。读本注释于此段所举:quam ob rem hoc statuere, iudices, debetis, Q. Caecilium … non nimis … acturum(第 71 节);habet enim nihil quod in offensione deperdat; ut turpissime flagitiosissimeque discedat, nihil de suis veteribus ornamentis requiret(第 71 节)。

重点段落

  1. habet enim nihil quod in offensione deperdat; ut turpissime flagitiosissimeque discedat, nihil de suis veteribus ornamentis requiret第 71 节伍德科克 XII · 泛指与结果关系从句(qui)第 155、167 条
  2. quam ob rem hoc statuere, iudices, debetis, Q. Caecilium … non nimis … acturum第 71 节伍德科克 XXIV · 间接引语中的从句第 272 条

术语

  • de honore关于体面所系常语·1 见
  • hanc causam本案常语·1 见
  • quam ob rem因此:全篇论证转折处最常用的接续语句式·1 见
  • rei publicae国家的;rei publicae causa 为国家之故法庭定式·1 见
27

§72:Conclusio 结论(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §7275 词

段旨第 72 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 Peroratio,谓 se eum esse cui tanta causa committi possit;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Hauptteil 3,谓 die äußere Begründung der beiderseitigen Ansprüche: a negative part against Caecilius' grounds and a positive one for Cicero's;Stroh 1975 名之为 Peroratio,谓 resümierend;Watson 2025 名之为 Conclusio,谓 final comparatio on the sententia of 71。

句法本次不新授章节,考察法理论证中的原因与时间表达。本次不新授章节。这几节所重用者为已读诸章:伍德科克 III(夺格的功能)、伍德科克 IV(与格的功能;非人称被动)、伍德科克 X(从句中的虚拟式;目的名词从句)、伍德科克 XVII(动名词与动形词)。读本注释于此段所举:a nobis multos obsides habet populus Romanus … omni ratione erit dimicandum(第 72 节);habet honorem … habet spem … habet existimationem(第 72 节)。

重点段落

  1. a nobis multos obsides habet populus Romanus … omni ratione erit dimicandum第 72 节伍德科克 X · 从句中的虚拟式;目的名词从句第 134、204 条
  2. habet honorem … habet spem … habet existimationem第 72 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 43、44 条

术语

  • in hac causa在本案中常语·1 见
  • omni ratione用尽一切方法习语·1 见
  • populus romanus罗马人民法庭定式·1 见
28

§73:Conclusio 结论(Watson 2025)

本周所读Div. Caec. §7348 词

段旨第 73 节。诸家所言此段之用:Heitland 1876 名之为 Peroratio,谓 se eum esse cui tanta causa committi possit;Sternkopf 1905 名之为 Epilog,谓 der kurze Epilog in dem einzigen § 73, beginning at Quapropter, iudices, vestrum est deligere;Stroh 1975 名之为 Peroratio,谓 resümierend;Watson 2025 名之为 Conclusio,谓 final comparatio on the sententia of 71。段内有关节:第 73 节。

句法本次不新授章节,考察结语中的将来命令式与动形词。本次不新授章节。这几节所重用者为已读诸章:伍德科克 III(夺格的功能)、伍德科克 V(属格的功能)、伍德科克 X(从句中的虚拟式;目的名词从句)、伍德科克 XIV(直接与间接疑问)。读本注释于此段所举:vestrum est deligere quem existimetis facillime posse … sustinere fide, diligentia, consilio, auctoritate(第 73 节);vos si mihi Q. Caecilium anteposueritis, ego me dignitate superatum non arbitrabor(第 73 节)。

重点段落

  1. vestrum est deligere quem existimetis facillime posse … sustinere fide, diligentia, consilio, auctoritate第 73 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 43、44、72 条
  2. vos si mihi Q. Caecilium anteposueritis, ego me dignitate superatum non arbitrabor第 73 节伍德科克 III · 夺格的功能第 55 条

术语

  • populus romanus罗马人民法庭定式·1 见
29

期末考试

期末考试。所考拉丁生文只取自七卷语料。

籬廬 magalia · 本页由 scripts/build_course_syllabus_zh.py 生成,数据见 dossiers/divinatio-in-caecilium/。