{
  "schema": "magalia.ptolemy-stemmata.v1",
  "workId": "project:ptolemy-geographia",
  "title": "Ptolemy’s Geography: manuscripts and stemmata",
  "checkedDate": "2026-10-17",
  "source": {
    "citation": "Olivier Defaux, The Iberian Peninsula in Ptolemy’s Geography: Origins of the Coordinates and Textual History, Berlin Studies of the Ancient World 51 (2017).",
    "url": "https://d-nb.info/1192464702/34",
    "license": "Defaux’s source volume is published under CC BY-NC; see its colophon and institutional repository for the exact licence and third-party exclusions. This page supplies an original vector layout and retains source attribution."
  },
  "models": [
    {
      "id": "text-groups",
      "title": "Principal witnesses: textual groups",
      "attribution": "Textual grouping described by Defaux 2017",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, §2.1.1, p. 61",
      "scope": "The five principal witnesses: Ω contains U, K, V and R; Ξ is represented by X. Dotted lines mark membership, not copying.",
      "qualification": "A reading guide to the two textual groups, not a full genealogy. No common archetype or internal descent between U, K, V and R is inferred. Affiliations can vary by book and passage.",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "id": "text-groups:Xi",
          "label": "Ξ",
          "kind": "family",
          "detail": "text group"
        },
        {
          "id": "text-groups:Omega",
          "label": "Ω",
          "kind": "family",
          "detail": "text group"
        },
        {
          "id": "text-groups:X",
          "label": "X",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "Vat.gr.191",
          "witnessId": "X"
        },
        {
          "id": "text-groups:U",
          "label": "U",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "Urb.gr.82",
          "witnessId": "U"
        },
        {
          "id": "text-groups:K",
          "label": "K",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "Seragliensis GI 57",
          "witnessId": "K"
        },
        {
          "id": "text-groups:V",
          "label": "V",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "Vat.gr.177",
          "witnessId": "V"
        },
        {
          "id": "text-groups:R",
          "label": "R",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "Gr. Z. 516 (coll. 904)",
          "witnessId": "R"
        }
      ],
      "edges": [
        {
          "id": "text-groups:Xi-X",
          "from": "text-groups:Xi",
          "to": "text-groups:X",
          "relation": "group-membership",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, p. 61"
        },
        {
          "id": "text-groups:Omega-U",
          "from": "text-groups:Omega",
          "to": "text-groups:U",
          "relation": "group-membership",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, p. 61"
        },
        {
          "id": "text-groups:Omega-K",
          "from": "text-groups:Omega",
          "to": "text-groups:K",
          "relation": "group-membership",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, p. 61"
        },
        {
          "id": "text-groups:Omega-V",
          "from": "text-groups:Omega",
          "to": "text-groups:V",
          "relation": "group-membership",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, p. 61"
        },
        {
          "id": "text-groups:Omega-R",
          "from": "text-groups:Omega",
          "to": "text-groups:R",
          "relation": "group-membership",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, p. 61"
        }
      ],
      "layout": {
        "width": 1080,
        "height": 350,
        "positions": {
          "text-groups:Xi": [
            130,
            85
          ],
          "text-groups:Omega": [
            650,
            85
          ],
          "text-groups:X": [
            130,
            260
          ],
          "text-groups:U": [
            390,
            260
          ],
          "text-groups:K": [
            565,
            260
          ],
          "text-groups:V": [
            740,
            260
          ],
          "text-groups:R": [
            915,
            260
          ]
        }
      },
      "sourcePageUrl": "https://d-nb.info/1192464702/34#page=63"
    },
    {
      "id": "schnabel-1938",
      "title": "Historical stemma: Schnabel–Hermann",
      "attribution": "Schnabel 1938 → A. Hermann (Appendix A spelling) → Defaux 2017",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416; note cites Schnabel 1938, p. 120",
      "scope": "A redrawn historical text-and-map hypothesis. Surviving manuscript sigla, lost exemplars, source families and mixed affiliations remain distinct. Repeated labels for B/P/S and O are merged as identities.",
      "qualification": "This is not Defaux’s endorsed final genealogy. On p. 74 n. 91 he calls the single-archetype presentation misleading. Dates, geographic origins and map counts belong to the historical model; they are not current catalogue findings. Solid arrows restate source proposals, not proof of direct copying.",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:source",
          "label": "Geography",
          "kind": "reconstructed",
          "detail": "Books 1–8 + 26R; c. 170 CE: model"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:agatho",
          "label": "Agathodaimon",
          "kind": "reconstructed",
          "detail": "world-map addition"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:copiesXi",
          "label": "Intermediate",
          "kind": "reconstructed",
          "detail": "copies: Ξ branch"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:copiesOmega",
          "label": "Intermediate",
          "kind": "reconstructed",
          "detail": "copies: Ω branch"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Xi",
          "label": "Ξ",
          "kind": "family",
          "detail": "W? + 26R"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Omega",
          "label": "Ω",
          "kind": "family",
          "detail": "W? + 26R; Alexandria: model"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:xi",
          "label": "ξ",
          "kind": "family"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:alpha",
          "label": "α",
          "kind": "family"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Pi",
          "label": "Π",
          "kind": "family",
          "detail": "W + 26R"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Delta",
          "label": "Δ",
          "kind": "family",
          "detail": "W + 26R; Constantinople: model"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:lostX",
          "label": "(X)",
          "kind": "reconstructed",
          "detail": "W + 26/7R; lost"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:lostA",
          "label": "(A)",
          "kind": "reconstructed",
          "detail": "W + 64R; lost"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:lostOZ",
          "label": "(OZ)",
          "kind": "reconstructed",
          "detail": "W + 64R; lost"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:zeta",
          "label": "ζ",
          "kind": "family"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:rho",
          "label": "ρ",
          "kind": "family"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:psi",
          "label": "ψ",
          "kind": "family"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:kappa",
          "label": "κ",
          "kind": "family"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:phi",
          "label": "φ",
          "kind": "family"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:nu",
          "label": "ν",
          "kind": "family"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:gamma",
          "label": "γ",
          "kind": "family"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:sigma",
          "label": "*σ",
          "kind": "family"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:omega",
          "label": "*ω",
          "kind": "family"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:X",
          "label": "X",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "° · no maps",
          "witnessId": "X"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:A",
          "label": "*A",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "° · no maps",
          "witnessId": "A"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:O",
          "label": "*O",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "W + 64R; mixed",
          "witnessId": "O"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Z",
          "label": "*Z",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "° · no maps",
          "witnessId": "Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:R",
          "label": "R",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "26/7R",
          "witnessId": "R"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:V",
          "label": "V",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "° · no maps",
          "witnessId": "V"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:C",
          "label": "C",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "° · no maps",
          "witnessId": "C"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:W",
          "label": "W",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "? · maps possible",
          "witnessId": "W"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:U",
          "label": "U",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "W + 26R",
          "witnessId": "U"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:K",
          "label": "K",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "W + 26R",
          "witnessId": "K"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:F",
          "label": "F",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "(W+) 26R",
          "witnessId": "F"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:N",
          "label": "N",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "° · no maps",
          "witnessId": "N"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:G",
          "label": "G",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "? · maps possible",
          "witnessId": "G"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:E",
          "label": "E",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "° · no maps",
          "witnessId": "E"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:D",
          "label": "*D",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "W + 4R; mixed",
          "witnessId": "D"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:L",
          "label": "L",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "W + 26R; incomplete",
          "witnessId": "L"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:B",
          "label": "*B",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "° · no maps",
          "witnessId": "B"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:P",
          "label": "*P",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "° · no maps",
          "witnessId": "P"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:S",
          "label": "*S",
          "kind": "manuscript",
          "detail": "° · no maps",
          "witnessId": "S"
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:d",
          "label": "d",
          "kind": "unresolved",
          "detail": "identity unverified"
        }
      ],
      "edges": [
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:source-copiesXi",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:source",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:copiesXi",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:source-agatho",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:source",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:agatho",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:agatho-copiesOmega",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:agatho",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:copiesOmega",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:copiesXi-Xi",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:copiesXi",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:Xi",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:copiesOmega-Omega",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:copiesOmega",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:Omega",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Xi-xi",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Xi",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:xi",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Xi-alpha",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Xi",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:alpha",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:xi-lostX",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:xi",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:lostX",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:lostX-X",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:lostX",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:X",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:alpha-lostA",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:alpha",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:lostA",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:alpha-lostOZ",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:alpha",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:lostOZ",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:lostA-A",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:lostA",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:A",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:lostOZ-O",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:lostOZ",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:O",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:lostOZ-Z",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:lostOZ",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:Z",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Omega-Pi",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Omega",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:Pi",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Omega-Delta",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Omega",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:Delta",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Pi-zeta",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Pi",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:zeta",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Pi-rho",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Pi",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:rho",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:zeta-Z",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:zeta",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:Z",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:rho-R",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:rho",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:R",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:rho-V",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:rho",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:V",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:rho-C",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:rho",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:C",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:rho-W",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:rho",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:W",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Delta-psi",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Delta",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:psi",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Delta-kappa",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Delta",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:kappa",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Delta-phi",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Delta",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:phi",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Delta-nu",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Delta",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:nu",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Delta-gamma",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Delta",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:gamma",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Delta-sigma",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Delta",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:sigma",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Delta-omega",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Delta",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:omega",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:psi-U",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:psi",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:U",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:kappa-K",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:kappa",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:K",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:phi-F",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:phi",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:F",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:nu-N",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:nu",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:N",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:gamma-G",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:gamma",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:G",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Z-E",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Z",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:E",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:U-D",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:U",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:D",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:U-d",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:U",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:d",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:U-L",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:U",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:L",
          "relation": "proposed-descent",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Historical source model; a connecting line does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:rho-A",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:rho",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:A",
          "relation": "mixed-contribution",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "The bent connector in Appendix A supplies A with a second affiliation; represented here as mixed contribution, not direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:alpha-B",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:alpha",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:B",
          "relation": "mixed-contribution",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Appendix A repeats the same B/P/S labels in the Ξ and Δ parts of the model. The repeated identities are merged here; the source does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:sigma-B",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:sigma",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:B",
          "relation": "mixed-contribution",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Appendix A repeats the same B/P/S labels in the Ξ and Δ parts of the model. The repeated identities are merged here; the source does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:O-B",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:O",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:B",
          "relation": "mixed-contribution",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Appendix A repeats the same B/P/S labels in the Ξ and Δ parts of the model. The repeated identities are merged here; the source does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:alpha-P",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:alpha",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:P",
          "relation": "mixed-contribution",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Appendix A repeats the same B/P/S labels in the Ξ and Δ parts of the model. The repeated identities are merged here; the source does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:sigma-P",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:sigma",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:P",
          "relation": "mixed-contribution",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Appendix A repeats the same B/P/S labels in the Ξ and Δ parts of the model. The repeated identities are merged here; the source does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:O-P",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:O",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:P",
          "relation": "mixed-contribution",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Appendix A repeats the same B/P/S labels in the Ξ and Δ parts of the model. The repeated identities are merged here; the source does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:alpha-S",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:alpha",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:S",
          "relation": "mixed-contribution",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Appendix A repeats the same B/P/S labels in the Ξ and Δ parts of the model. The repeated identities are merged here; the source does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:sigma-S",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:sigma",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:S",
          "relation": "mixed-contribution",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Appendix A repeats the same B/P/S labels in the Ξ and Δ parts of the model. The repeated identities are merged here; the source does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:O-S",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:O",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:S",
          "relation": "mixed-contribution",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Appendix A repeats the same B/P/S labels in the Ξ and Δ parts of the model. The repeated identities are merged here; the source does not establish direct copying."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:omega-O",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:omega",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:O",
          "relation": "mixed-contribution",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Label-only affiliation: the source says O is also from ω; no precise copying connector or intervening exemplar is established."
        },
        {
          "id": "schnabel-1938:Xi-D",
          "from": "schnabel-1938:Xi",
          "to": "schnabel-1938:D",
          "relation": "mixed-contribution",
          "locator": "Defaux 2017, Appendix A, p. 416",
          "note": "Label-only affiliation: D is described as also from Ξ; a finer donor is unspecified."
        }
      ],
      "layout": {
        "width": 2840,
        "height": 1560,
        "positions": {
          "schnabel-1938:source": [
            1280,
            75
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:agatho": [
            1900,
            205
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:copiesXi": [
            570,
            335
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:copiesOmega": [
            1900,
            335
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:Xi": [
            570,
            470
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:Omega": [
            1900,
            470
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:xi": [
            140,
            620
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:alpha": [
            630,
            620
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:Pi": [
            1190,
            620
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:Delta": [
            2030,
            620
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:lostX": [
            140,
            800
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:lostA": [
            400,
            800
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:lostOZ": [
            680,
            800
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:zeta": [
            1030,
            800
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:rho": [
            1300,
            800
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:psi": [
            1740,
            800
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:kappa": [
            1900,
            800
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:phi": [
            2060,
            800
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:nu": [
            2220,
            800
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:gamma": [
            2380,
            800
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:sigma": [
            2540,
            800
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:omega": [
            2700,
            800
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:X": [
            140,
            990
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:A": [
            400,
            990
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:O": [
            650,
            990
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:Z": [
            880,
            990
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:R": [
            1120,
            990
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:V": [
            1280,
            990
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:C": [
            1440,
            990
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:W": [
            1600,
            990
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:U": [
            1740,
            990
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:K": [
            1900,
            990
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:F": [
            2060,
            990
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:N": [
            2220,
            990
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:G": [
            2380,
            990
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:E": [
            880,
            1180
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:D": [
            1620,
            1180
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:d": [
            1770,
            1180
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:L": [
            1920,
            1180
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:B": [
            2370,
            1450
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:P": [
            2530,
            1450
          ],
          "schnabel-1938:S": [
            2690,
            1450
          ]
        },
        "routes": {
          "schnabel-1938:alpha-B": "M580,620 H40 V1350 H2300 Q2320,1350 2320,1425",
          "schnabel-1938:sigma-B": "M2540,825 V1290 H2370 V1425",
          "schnabel-1938:O-B": "M700,990 H760 V1320 H2335 V1425",
          "schnabel-1938:alpha-P": "M580,620 H40 V1350 H2460 Q2480,1350 2480,1425",
          "schnabel-1938:sigma-P": "M2540,825 V1290 H2530 V1425",
          "schnabel-1938:O-P": "M700,990 H760 V1320 H2495 V1425",
          "schnabel-1938:alpha-S": "M580,620 H40 V1350 H2620 Q2640,1350 2640,1425",
          "schnabel-1938:sigma-S": "M2540,825 V1290 H2690 V1425",
          "schnabel-1938:O-S": "M700,990 H760 V1320 H2655 V1425",
          "schnabel-1938:omega-O": "M2750,800 H2790 V1110 H720 Q700,1110 700,1030",
          "schnabel-1938:Xi-D": "M520,470 H70 V1260 H1560 Q1570,1260 1570,1180"
        }
      },
      "sourcePageUrl": "https://d-nb.info/1192464702/34#page=418"
    }
  ],
  "witnesses": [
    {
      "id": "A",
      "siglum": "A",
      "shelfmark": "Pal.gr.388",
      "repository": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15",
      "repositoryUrl": "https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/de/bpd/beschreibungen/bav_pal_gr_388.html",
      "repositoryLabel": "Repository / scholarly catalogue",
      "note": "The Heidelberg description identifies this as a Geography manuscript and links its facsimile. A is the siglum used here; other studies may assign different sigla to the same physical manuscript. Image coverage has not been fully audited."
    },
    {
      "id": "B",
      "siglum": "B",
      "shelfmark": "Plut. 28.38",
      "repository": "Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15",
      "note": "Repeated labels in Appendix A refer to this same manuscript. The local diagram merges those labels and shows their mixed affiliations."
    },
    {
      "id": "C",
      "siglum": "C",
      "shelfmark": "Suppl. gr. 119",
      "repository": "Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15"
    },
    {
      "id": "D",
      "siglum": "D",
      "shelfmark": "Grec 1402",
      "repository": "Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15"
    },
    {
      "id": "E",
      "siglum": "E",
      "shelfmark": "Grec 1403",
      "repository": "Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15"
    },
    {
      "id": "F",
      "siglum": "F",
      "shelfmark": "Fabricius 23, 2°",
      "repository": "Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15",
      "repositoryUrl": "https://permalink.kb.dk/permalink/2006/manus/31/eng/",
      "repositoryLabel": "Repository / scholarly catalogue",
      "note": "A surviving fragment of two leaves (one bifolium), with portions of Book VIII and three coloured maps. The Royal Danish Library provides page navigation; this is a fragment rather than a complete codex."
    },
    {
      "id": "G",
      "siglum": "G",
      "shelfmark": "Grec 2423",
      "repository": "Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, p. 59"
    },
    {
      "id": "K",
      "siglum": "K",
      "shelfmark": "Seragliensis GI 57",
      "repository": "Topkapı Palace Library, Istanbul",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15",
      "repositoryUrl": "https://www.kps.unibe.ch/forschung/ptolemaios_forschungsstelle/publikationen/faksimile_ausgabe/index_ger.html",
      "repositoryLabel": "Bern facsimile research record",
      "note": "The Bern research centre identifies the Topkapı manuscript and its published 2017 facsimile. This link is a scholarly facsimile record; freely available images of the complete codex have not been verified."
    },
    {
      "id": "L",
      "siglum": "L",
      "shelfmark": "Vatopedi 655 / Add. 19391 / Suppl. gr. 443A",
      "repository": "Vatopedi / British Library / Bibliothèque nationale de France",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15",
      "note": "One source siglum for a manuscript now divided among three holdings. The British Library link covers Add. MS 19391, ff. 14–17, one component containing Geography material; it does not represent the entire dispersed witness. The catalogue currently reports digital images unavailable.",
      "repositoryUrl": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/040-002169291",
      "repositoryLabel": "British Library component record"
    },
    {
      "id": "N",
      "siglum": "N",
      "shelfmark": "MS. Arch. Selden. B. 46",
      "repository": "Bodleian Libraries, Oxford",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, p. 59",
      "repositoryUrl": "https://arca.irht.cnrs.fr/iiif/77284/canvas/canvas-1431880/view",
      "repositoryLabel": "ARCA institutional record",
      "note": "Defaux identifies N with the Oxford manuscript MS. Arch. Selden. B. 46. The linked ARCA institutional image record provides a navigation lead; current access and full manuscript image coverage have not been verified."
    },
    {
      "id": "O",
      "siglum": "O",
      "shelfmark": "Plut. 28.49",
      "repository": "Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15",
      "repositoryUrl": "https://pinakes-dev.irht.cnrs.fr/notices/cote/16230/",
      "repositoryLabel": "Repository / scholarly catalogue",
      "note": "The scholarly catalogue identifies Ptolemy’s Geography in this Laurenziana manuscript. The link supplies manuscript identification; current facsimile access has not been verified."
    },
    {
      "id": "P",
      "siglum": "P",
      "shelfmark": "Plut. 28.42",
      "repository": "Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15",
      "note": "Repeated labels in Appendix A refer to this same manuscript. The local diagram merges those labels and shows their mixed affiliations."
    },
    {
      "id": "R",
      "siglum": "R",
      "shelfmark": "Gr. Z. 516 (coll. 904)",
      "repository": "Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Venice",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15",
      "repositoryUrl": "https://pinakes.irht.cnrs.fr/notices/cote/getPdf/69987/",
      "repositoryLabel": "Pinakes institutional catalogue",
      "note": "The institutional Pinakes catalogue identifies Marciana gr. Z. 516 (coll. 904). This is a catalogue link; a freely available complete facsimile has not been verified."
    },
    {
      "id": "S",
      "siglum": "S",
      "shelfmark": "Plut. 28.9",
      "repository": "Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15",
      "note": "Repeated labels in Appendix A refer to this same manuscript. The local diagram merges those labels and shows their mixed affiliations."
    },
    {
      "id": "U",
      "siglum": "U",
      "shelfmark": "Urb.gr.82",
      "repository": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15",
      "recordId": "ecology-historians/vat-Urb.gr.82",
      "note": "The existing Magalia record preserves conflicting dates: supplied Vatican metadata gives the eleventh century, while an Oxford institutional account places the manuscript around 1300. This diagram does not resolve that discrepancy. The catalogue records a Geography range of ff. 1r–110r and a sampled image check dated 2026-10-13.",
      "repositoryUrl": "https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Urb.gr.82",
      "repositoryLabel": "Repository / scholarly catalogue"
    },
    {
      "id": "V",
      "siglum": "V",
      "shelfmark": "Vat.gr.177",
      "repository": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15",
      "repositoryUrl": "https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat.gr.177",
      "repositoryLabel": "Repository / scholarly catalogue",
      "note": "Defaux identifies V with Vat.gr.177. The holding library supplies a manuscript viewer. Current per-page image coverage has not been audited."
    },
    {
      "id": "v",
      "siglum": "v",
      "shelfmark": "Burney 111",
      "repository": "British Library, London",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15",
      "note": "Lowercase v is distinct from uppercase V and Greek ν. It appears in the identity crosswalk and discussion of Burri’s revision, not as an additional node in Appendix A. The British Library catalogue currently reports its digital images unavailable; a separate Pelagios dataset contains 68 map images, which does not establish a complete codex scan.",
      "repositoryUrl": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/040-002236953",
      "repositoryLabel": "Repository / scholarly catalogue"
    },
    {
      "id": "W",
      "siglum": "W",
      "shelfmark": "Vat.gr.178",
      "repository": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15"
    },
    {
      "id": "X",
      "siglum": "X",
      "shelfmark": "Vat.gr.191",
      "repository": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15",
      "recordId": "ecology-historians/vat-Vat.gr.191",
      "repositoryUrl": "https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat.gr.191",
      "repositoryLabel": "Repository / scholarly catalogue",
      "note": "The existing Magalia record identifies Geography at ff. 128v–169v of this composite manuscript. It retains a repository manifest and an image sample checked on 2026-10-13; that sample does not establish complete image coverage."
    },
    {
      "id": "Z",
      "siglum": "Z",
      "shelfmark": "Pal.gr.314",
      "repository": "Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, Signs and abbreviations, p. 15",
      "repositoryUrl": "https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/de/bpd/beschreibungen/bav_pal_gr_314.html",
      "repositoryLabel": "Repository / scholarly catalogue",
      "note": "The Heidelberg description identifies the Geography and explicitly records siglum Z. It links a facsimile, but current image loading and complete coverage have not been verified in this review."
    }
  ],
  "readingNotes": [
    {
      "title": "Attribution of the historical model",
      "text": "Appendix A is Defaux’s English redraw of a diagram made by A. Herrmann from Schnabel’s work. It must be read with Defaux’s criticism of its single-archetype presentation, rather than treated as a settled family tree. Appendix A prints “A. Hermann”; the main discussion uses “A. Herrmann”.",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, p. 416 note; p. 74 n. 91"
    },
    {
      "title": "Text and maps can follow different exemplars",
      "text": "The transmission of drawings and of textual coordinates is partly independent. A codex’s textual group does not automatically establish the descent of its maps. W means world map; R means regional maps; ° means no maps; ? means possibly maps. Parentheses mark a lost manuscript and/or map; an asterisk marks mixed text. Map descriptions in the historical diagram are source claims, not digitization coverage.",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, pp. 63–64; Appendix A p. 416"
    },
    {
      "title": "Affiliations vary with the text being compared",
      "text": "A single author-wide genealogy is too coarse. Defaux discusses differences by book and by passage, along with corrections and mixed readings. The simple Ω/Ξ guide is a membership map for the principal textual witnesses, not a claim that all contents of a codex follow one ancestor.",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, pp. 61, 64–66"
    },
    {
      "title": "Competing research remains separate",
      "text": "Figure 4 translates the overview of Stückelberger and Mittenhuber (2009, p. 22). Defaux describes it as a rough sketch and challenges its chronology, including arguments drawn from Rylands 522. That papyrus preserves Handy Tables material, not the Geography’s catalogue of localities. It is not inserted here as a Geography witness.",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, pp. 68–70 and Fig. 4 p. 69"
    },
    {
      "title": "Later qualifications are not silently merged into Schnabel",
      "text": "Defaux reports Burri’s revisions: UKN are apographs of a common exemplar; lowercase v is associated with A rather than O’s family; B and P probably derive from S. These are a separate scholarly comparison, not edits to the historical model printed in Appendix A.",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, p. 68, reporting Burri 2013"
    },
    {
      "title": "Unresolved and split witnesses remain visible",
      "text": "Lowercase d in Appendix A is retained as an unlinked, unresolved siglum: the inspected identity crosswalk does not identify its shelfmark. L denotes a manuscript divided among three holdings. Greek ν, uppercase V and lowercase v are different labels. No new manuscript or full scan is admitted solely by appearing in this diagram.",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, pp. 15, 59, 416"
    },
    {
      "title": "Limits of this build",
      "text": "Twenty source-specific manuscript identities are registered for navigation and comparison. Only X and U currently link to admitted Magalia Geography records. Other named witnesses are scholarly research entries. This is not a complete census of surviving Geography manuscripts, a new collation, or a full Geography reader.",
      "locator": "Defaux 2017, source crosswalk p. 15 and descriptions pp. 57–60; Magalia catalogue association checked 2026-10-17"
    }
  ]
}