Decree of Pandios and the syngraphai for the Amphiareion fountain

Decree of Pandios and the syngraphai for the Amphiareion fountain — edition

I.Oropos 290, ll. 1–28 Ἱερὰ Ἀμφιαράο Ἱερὰ Ἀμφιαράο ἐπὶ Ἀντικράτος ἱερέως, Πάνδιος εἶπε· ὅπως ἂν ἐπισκευασ- θῆι ἡ κρήνη τῶι Ἀμφιαράωι καὶ ο- ἱ λοτρῶνες καθ᾽ ἃ ἐμίσθωσε ἡ βολ- ή· δεδόχθαι τῆι βολῆι· τὰς συγγραφ- ὰς καθ᾽ ἃ μεμίσθωται τὸ ἔργον ἀνα- γράψαι ἐν στήληι λιθίνηι καὶ κα- ταθε͂ναι ἐν τῶι ἱερῶι το͂ Ἀμφιαράο καὶ τὸμ μισθωτὴν το͂ ἔργο καὶ τὸ- ν ἐγγυητῆν καὶ ὁπόσο μεμίσθωτ- αι τὸ ἔργον καὶ τούτο ὁπόσον ἔχηι ἀργύριον, εἰς δὲ τὴν ἀναγραφὴν τ- ῆς στήλης λαβε͂ν τὸν ἱερέα το͂ ἀργυ- ρίο το͂ ἐξαιρεθὲν ἐκ το͂ θησαυ- ρο͂ ΔΔ δραχμάς, τὸ δὲ ἄλλο ἀργύρι- ον τὸ ἐξαιρεθὲν ἐκ το͂ θησαυρο͂ καὶ τὸ ἐκ τῶν καπηλείων, ἀφελόν- τας τῶι θεῶι εἰς ἀρεστήριον ΔΔ ⋮ δ- ραχμὰς καὶ τῶι νεωκόρωι τὸ πρ- οσοφειλόμενον ἀποδόντας vv παραδο͂ναι τὸ ἄλλο τοῖς τῶν ἱε- ρῶν ἐπισκευαστα̣ῖς, τὸς δὲ τῶν ἱερῶν ι ἐπισκευαστὰς παραδο͂ν τῶι μισθωτεῖ το͂ ἔργο· ἐπαινέσαι δὲ v τὸν ἱερέα το͂ Ἀμφιαράο Ἀνvτικρά- τη Δεκελέα δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἐπι-v μελείας ἕνεκα τῆς περὶ τὸ ἱερόν. v

I.Oropos 290, ll. 29–77 Συνγραφαὶ περὶ το͂ ἱερο͂ το͂ Ἀμφιαράο· τὴγ κρήνην καὶ τὸς λουτρῶνας ἐξαρ- γάσασθαι τὸς ἐν Ἀμφιαράο ἀφελόντα τὸς λίθος τὸς ὑπερκρεμαμένος ὑπὲ- ρ τῆς κρήνης καὶ τῶν λοτρώνων τὸς πρὸς τῶι ἀντιχώματι ὑγιεῖς, τι- θεναι δὲ τὸς λίθος τὸς πρὸς τῶι άντι- χώματι φορμηδόν ὑπερέχοντας πόδα, συντιθέντα τὸς ἁρμὸς ἁρμόττον- τας καὶ ἀπεργαζόμενον ἐγ μετώπο εἰς καταφοράν, τὸς δὲ ἁρμὸς ἐγ λω- στύος καὶ μὴ παραχωννύναι πρὶν ἂ- ν ἐπιδείξηι τὸς ἁρμὸς ἁρμόττοντας, τότε δὲ ἐπιχωννύναι καὶ ὁμαίσαι ἴσον τῶι ἐδάφηι· στῆσαι δὲ καὶ παρα- στάδια δύο ἴσα τοῖς ὑπάρχοσιν ἀπο- ξέσαντα καὶ ἐπίκρανα ἐπιθεῖναι ὅμοια τοῖς ὑπάρχοσιν καὶ ἐπιστύλ- ια ἐπιθεvῖναι ἐπιξέσαντα· καὶ κατε- ρείψαι τὴν κρήνην πλαξὶ πάχος ποδιαί- αις ἀποξέσαντα, πλάτος δίποδι, ἐπιβά- λλοσαν ἐπὶ τὸ ἐπιστύλιον τὸ ημισ- υ καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς τοῦ ἀντιχώματος πόδα κα- τερε͂ψαι καὶ τὸ ἐν τῶι πρόσθε τῆς κρή- νης καὶ τῶν λοτρώνων πλαξὶν ὑπερ- εχούσαις τοῦ τοίχου τρεῖς δακτύλους τεμόμενον αὐτὸν ἑαυτῶι ὅσων ἂν προ- σδέηται πρὸς τοῖς ὑπάρχοσι λίθοις καὶ τὰς πλάκας καὶ τὰ παραστάδια· τὸν δὲ τοῖχ- ον τὸν ἐν τῶι πρόσθε τῆς κρήνης καὶ τ- ῶν λουτρώνων ἀποκυλίσαντα τὸς λίθ- ος τὸς πεπτωκότας ἀvνακαθηράμενον στορέσαι τὰ ἐκκεκλvvυσμένα, τιθέναι δ- ὲ τοὺς λίθους ἕδραν πvοιοῦντα τοὺς διπλο͂ς συντιθέντα τὸς ἁρμὸς ἁρμόττοντας ἔνδ- οθεν καὶ ἔξωθεν καὶ τὰ μὲν ἔξωθεν τοῦ τοῖχου ἀποξέσαντα καὶ περιξέσαι βάθος ἥμισυ δακτύλου, πλάτος ὡς δύο δακτύ- λω, τὰ δὲ ἐντὸς ἀποξέσαντα τιθέναι, το- ὺς δὲ ἁρμοὺς ἐγγ λωστύος, ἐγκολλᾶν δὲ τῶν λίθων τὰ κροιά, τιθέναι δὲ κα- ὶ τοὺς ἀναβασμοὺς ἀμφοτέρωθεν κατ- ὰ ταὐτὰ τοῖς ὑπάρχουσιν· ταῦτα ἐξεργάσ- ασθαι ἑξήκοντα ἡμερῶν ἀφ᾽ ἧς ἂν λάβη- ι τὸ ἀργύριον, τοῦ ἀργυρίου οὗ ἂν ἔχηι· τὸ ἔρ- γον ἐξεργάσεται v μισθωτὴς Φανόσ- τρατος Χολαργεύς· ἐγγυητῆς v Φρυνιχ- ίδης Ἀχαρνεύς : ἐμισθώθη 𐅅ΗΗΗΗ τούτου ἔχουσι : ΗΗΗΔΔ𐅃 vacat

English translation

Heading Sacred affairs of Amphiaraos.

§I. The decree of the boule Sacred affairs of Amphiaraus. when Antikratos was priest, Pandios proposed: in order that the fountain of Amphiaraus and the baths may be restored, according to what the boule contracted, the boule resolved: the contract shall be inscribed on a stone stele and set up in the sanctuary of Amphiaraus according to what the work had been contracted, [including] the contractor of the work; the guarantor; in what way the work was contracted for; and how much was the work in silver; and as for the inscription of the stele, let the priest take – from among the earmarked silver from the thesaurus – twenty drachmas; as for other money that the priest took out from the thesaurus and from the shops, let him remove – for the purpose of propitiatory sacrifice to the god – twenty drachmas; and let him give to the neokoros what was still being owed [vacat] to be handed to the repairers of the sanctuary, and the repairers of the sanctuary should give trust to the contractor of the work; 8) let the priest of Amphiareion Antikrates of Decelea be praised for his justice and care for the sanctuary.

§II. The building specifications Contracts concerning the sanctuary of Amphiareion the fountain and the baths shall be completed after the contractor had removed the stones in the Amphiareion that are jutting out above the fountain and the baths, opposite of the embankment wall – stones that are in good state; and he is to place the stones opposite of the embankment cross-wise, projecting a foot high. and he shall assemble the joints, finishing the sloping surface of the metopes, and the joints of outer frames; and he shall not fill up until he shows the joints joining. and thence he shall fill up to make level with the foundation. and he shall set two doorposts, completing them in accordance to the ones existing, and he shall set the capitals in accordance to the existing ones. and he shall construct the architrave, finished (?); and he shall cast over the fountain a slab of stone, one foot thick, polished, two feet wide, the slab of stone – half upon the architrave, and upon the floor of the embankment; he shall cast over a stone slab over the interior of the fountain and the baths, jutting out three dactyls; he shall cut out himself stones, if he is lacking in existing stones, regarding both the slabs and the entrance. and after the wall in the fore of the fountain and of the baths is rolled away, the fallen stones and rubble cleared out, he shall spread flooring on the cleansed region; and he shall place the stones having been made into sitting place, twin stones assembled with joints joined inside and outside; and on the one hand, finishing the exterior of the wall, he shall polish all around (making a band) half a dactyl deep, two dactyls wide; and on the other hand, he shall place inside those polished floorings, the joints placed in frame, adhesive applied to the crevice of the stones; and he shall place steps at both sides, according to that which exists. this shall be completed in sixty days from the time when he took payment, of which silver that he should receive; the work is to be worked out [vacat] payer Phanostratos Cholargeus [Akamantid deme]; guarantor Phrunichides Acharneus; payment: 900 drachmas, of which they receive: 325 drachmas.

Critical apparatus Ἱερὰ Ἀμφιαράο — The heading is cut in widely spaced letters, unevenly set. Petrakos compares IG II² 1325 (ἱερὰ Διονύσου, 185/4 BCE) and IvO 64 (Διὸς ἱερά); apart from IG II² 1325 no Attic inscription uses ἱερά as a title, though it is regular at Olympia. The spacing raises the possibility that the heading was cut later, to replace a lost introductory formula. ἐπὶ Ἀντικράτος ἱερέως — The priest's demotic — Δεκελέα — is given at l. 27. An Athenian holding the priesthood implies strong Athenian influence, if not control, when the stele was cut (Rhodes–Osborne 2003: 132). Πάνδιος εἶπε — No patronymic and no demotic. Their omission is not by itself decisive — IG II² 103, securely dated 369/8, is also proposed by a Pandios without either — but the practice becomes standard by the mid fourth century (Knoepfler 1986: 84). Knoepfler suggests the two may be the same man, professionally connected with sacred architecture at Delphi and at Oropos (1986: 89). τὰς συγγραφάς — συγγραφή is a 'document', in the plural the terms of a building contract. The regular fourth-century Athenian formula is τῆι βολῆι καὶ τῶι δήμωι (Woodhead 1967: 37–39); here only the boule appears — not necessarily anomalous, since contract business is boule business (Ath. Pol. 46.2; Rhodes 1972: 124–5). καταθε͂ναι — Pseudo-diphthong ε for ει. The coexistence of true ει and pseudo-diphthong ε points to Attic practice of 390–370 BCE (Knoepfler 1986: 77). μισθωτήν — Contractor, hirer or tenant (LSJ s.v.). In a building contract the distinction is between entrepreneur and craftsman (Burford 1969: 148). Named at ll. 74–5 as Phanostratos of Cholargos. At Epidauros contractors could be foreigners, so an Athenian contractor is not by itself proof of Athenian occupation. ἐγγυητήν — The guarantor answers for fines if the contractor defaults (Burford 1969: 105). Named at ll. 76–7 as Phrynichides of Acharnai. [το]ύτο … ἔχηι — τ[ο]ύτο is a genuine o+u diphthong, well attested in the fifth century (Knoepfler 1986: 77). ἔχηι for ἔχει — ηι for ει is poorly attested in the fourth century. λαβε͂ν — Pseudo-diphthong ε for ει. ἐκ το͂ θησαυρο͂ — Petrakos compares the θησαυρός of I.Oropos 277 = IG VII 235 (387–377 BCE) (1997: 191). A standing offering-box implies the sanctuary was independently financed to the point of being able to let its own contracts. ἐξαιρεθὲν — Divergence from PHI. The PHI text (iphi:180476) reads ἐξαιρεθέντος here, agreeing with the genitive ἀργυρίο; the typescript has the neuter ἐξαιρεθέν, as at l. 17 where the referent is ἀργύριον. Unresolved pending collation against the plate. ἐκ τῶν καπηλείων — Petrakos takes these to be the shops on the right bank of the sanctuary torrent (1997: 191). No inscription from Oropos other than this one uses the word. εἰς ἀρεστήριον — Properly the adjective 'propitiatory'; Argoud renders 'pour un sacrifice'. LSJ notes the neuter as cognate to θυσία; the neuter is characteristically Attic (cf. IG II² 839, 221/0 BCE, θῦσαι δὲ τῶι θεῶι ἀρεστήριον). νεωκόρωι — Temple warden (LSJ s.v.); in sense cognate to Attic ἱεροποιός. Rare in Attica but well represented at Oropos (I.Oropos 277, 290, 325, 349, 350), which span 387/377 BCE to the early second century — a continuous institutional memory at the sanctuary. ἐπισκευαστα̣ῖς — The α is dotted (uncertain reading) and must be checked against the plate. Encoding note: the typescript used LATIN a-with-dot-below (U+1EA1) inside this Greek word; re-encoded here as Greek alpha + combining dot below. The masculine marks the body of repairers engaged by the μισθωτής. ἱερῶν {ι} ἐπισκευαστάς — An iota was cut in error after ἱερῶν and is to be deleted (Knoepfler 1986 n. 4; independently recorded by Papazarkadas as {Ι}). Encoded here as <surplus>, not as a correction. Note also the aorist παραδο͂ν beside παραδο͂ναι at l. 22. μισθωτεῖ — The dative μισθωτεῖ for μισθωτῆι is an orthographic trait of 400–375 BCE; ει replaces ηι in all positions after 375 (Knoepfler 1986: 78). λουτρῶνας — Here with the true diphthong, against λοτρῶνας at l. 5. The true-diphthong spelling recurs at I.Oropos 292 = IG VII 4255 (a drain for the men's bath). ἐξαργάσασθαι — Divergence from PHI. PHI reads ἐξεργάσασθαι, the form used later in the text (ll. 71, 74). The typescript's ἐξαργ- may record a local spelling or may be a slip; the commentary treats ἐξαργάσασθαι as the governing infinitive. Unresolved pending the plate. (orthography) — Four pseudo-diphthongs in this line, against true-diphthong λουτρῶνας two lines earlier. Argoud counted the alternation across the stone: ll. 1–28 have 25 omicron pseudo-diphthongs and no true ου; ll. 29–77 have 32 pseudo-diphthongs against 25 true ου (1993: 38). The inconsistency is the crux of the dating debate. ἀντιχώματι — Probably from ἀντιχώννυμι, to raise an embankment against; Argoud 'contre le mur de soutènement'. ὑγιεῖς describes stones still sound enough to re-use. τὸς δὲ ἁρμὸς ἐγ λω[σ]τύος — The crux. The word breaks across the line: λω- at the end of l. 39, [σ]τύος at the head of l. 40, so the restored σ is the first letter of a line and the loss is line-beginning damage. The restoration is secured by the stone itself: at l. 68 the same phrase recurs in the plural, ἐγγ λωστύος, fully preserved and unbracketed. The uncertainty is lexical, not epigraphic. λωστύς is a hapax, known from this inscription alone; it entered LSJ (1940) and Chantraine on that basis, having first been signalled in Glotta 16 (1929) 169. Argoud derives it from the textile field — an interlocking warp-and-weft masonry bond, comparable to Mediterranean διάτονος (through-stone) bonding — and renders ll. 39–40 'on assemblera les faces de joints en alternance, à la façon d'une trame' (1993: 38–9), with the Lebadeia specifications for the temple of Zeus Basileus as comparative material. The precise sense remains undetermined. ἐπιχωννύναι — Continues the action of παραχωννύναι: filling is to go on until level with the ἔδαφος, which Argoud takes as the upper terrace above the fountain and baths. ὁμαίσαι — Divergence from PHI. PHI reads ὁμαλίσαι ('to level'), which the translation ('to make level with the foundation') supports; the typescript appears to have lost a λ. Probable correction to ὁμαλίσαι, pending the plate. κατερείψαι … πλαξί — How the roofing slab sits relative to architrave and retaining wall: cast over the fountain, half of it bearing on the architrave, a foot clear of the retaining wall. τεμόμενον — Middle aorist participle: the contractor is to quarry for himself whatever stone he lacks — a provision that materially reduces his risk. πρόσθε — Editorial. The typescript reads πρλοσσθε, evidently corrupt; corrected here to πρόσθε. PHI reads προσσθε, which would give πρόσσθε. The single/double sigma must be settled on the plate (cf. l. 52). τὰ … ἀποξέσαντα — Argoud renders 'le dallage', flooring tiles — plausible but unargued in his brief commentary. ἀποξέσαντα occurs in only one other inscription in the PHI corpus, IG II² 1665, of polishing the stylobate. λωστύος recurs here in the plural. ταῦτα ἐξεργάσασθαι — Sixty days from receipt of payment. ἐμισθώθη 𐅅ΗΗΗΗ — Acrophonic: 𐅅 (500) + Η×4 (400) = 900 drachmas contracted. The 2018 typescript's HHHH is incomplete; the reading follows the author's 2026 restatement and must be re-read digit by digit against the plate at the transcription gate. τούτου ἔχουσι ΗΗΗΔΔ𐅃 — Η×3 (300) + Δ×2 (20) + 𐅃 (5) = 325 drachmas already received.