The Kodros, Neleus and Basile lease · 科德罗斯、涅琉斯与巴西勒圣域租约

Two decrees and lease terms · 418/7 BC (archonship of Antiphon) · stele from Athens, found near the Makrigianni/Chatzichristou junction · Epigraphical Museum, EM 10616 · stoichedon 52

PHI 86 · IG I³ 84 EM10616 identity verified · 身份已核实
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The Greek text is that of PHI 86 (epigraphy.packhum.org), which transmits the IG I³ 84 text; brackets and Attic spellings stand as PHI prints them. The English translation and the numbered notes are reproduced from Attic Inscriptions Online, AIO 846 (translation by Stephen Lambert, Nikolaos Papazarkadas, Robin Osborne), under AIO’s CC BY-SA licence; this page is published under the same terms for that material. AIO’s appended checklist of Attic agricultural leases is not reproduced here — see the AIO page.
希腊文本据 PHI 86（epigraphy.packhum.org），所传即 IG I³ 84 之文本；方括号与阿提卡拼写悉依 PHI 所印。英译与编号注释转录自 Attic Inscriptions Online AIO 846（译者 Stephen Lambert、Nikolaos Papazarkadas、Robin Osborne），依其 CC BY-SA 授权，本页此部分同依此授权发布。学术内容悉仍其旧，不加移译；AIO 附录之阿提卡农业租约清单未予转录，见其原页。

Lemma · 题录

Stele of 418/7 BC (archon Antiphon), stoichedon 52. Two decrees of the Council and People moved by Adosios, with the appended terms for a twenty-year lease: the sanctuary (hieron) of Kodros, Neleus and Basile is to be fenced, and the precinct (temenos) of Neleus and Basile leased, with an olive-planting requirement of no fewer than two hundred young trees — the earliest extant Attic lease with such a planting clause (AIO n. 5). Under the last line a graffito, later erased in part: a name branded ΚΛΕΠΤΗΣ, “thief” (AIO n. 9).
碑立于公元前 418/7 年（执政官安提丰），每行 52 字之棋盘式书写。阿多西奥斯所提两道议决，附二十年租约条款：科德罗斯、涅琉斯与巴西勒之圣所（hieron）当加围栏，涅琉斯与巴西勒之圣域（temenos）出租，并须植橄榄幼株不少于二百，为现存阿提卡租约中最早载有此种种植条款者（AIO 注 5）。末行之下有刻痕，后遭部分铲除：某名之下书 ΚΛΕΠΤΗΣ（贼）（AIO 注 9）。

Text · 文本 （据 PHI 86 = IG I³ 84；方括号内为补字）

1θεοί· [ἔ]δοχσεν τε͂ι βολε͂ι καὶ το͂ι δέμοι· Πανδιονὶς ἐπρυτάνευε, Ἀριστόχ- [σ]ενος ἐγραμμάτευε, Ἀντιοχίδες ἐπεστάτει, Ἀντιφο͂ν ἐ͂ρχε, Ἀδόσιο- [ς ε]ἶπε· ἐ͂ρχσαι τὸ ℎιερὸν το͂ Κόδρο καὶ το͂ Νελέος καὶ τε͂ς Βασίλες κ[α]- 5ὶ μισθο͂σαι τὸ τέμενος κατὰ τὰς συνγραφάς. οἱ δὲ πολεταὶ τὲν ἐ͂ρχσ[ι]- ν̣ ἀπομισθοσάντον. τὸ δὲ τέμενος ὁ βασιλεὺς ἀπομισθοσάτο κατὰ [τ]- ὰς χσυνγραφὰς, καὶ τὸς ὁριστὰς ἐπιπέμφσαι ὁρίσαι τὰ ℎιερὰ ταῦτα, ὅπος ἂν ἔχει ὁς βέλτιστα καὶ εὐσεβέστα<τα>. τὸ δὲ ἀργύριον ἐς τὲν ἐ͂ρχ- σιν ἀπὸ το͂ τεμένος εἶναι. πρᾶχσαι δὲ ταῦτα πρὶν ἢ ἐχσιέναι τένδε 10τὲν βολέν, ἢ εὐθύνεσθαι χιλίασι δραχμε͂σι ἕκαστον κατὰ τὰ εἰρε- μένα v Ἀδόσιος εἶπε· τὰ μὲν ἄλλα καθάπερ τε͂ι βολε͂ι, ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς μ- [ι]σθοσάτο καὶ οἱ πολεταὶ τὸ τέμενος το͂ Νελέος καὶ τε͂ς Βασίλες κα- [τ]ὰ τὰς χσυνγραφὰς εἴκοσι ἔτε· τὸν δὲ μισθοσάμενον ἐ͂ρχσαι τὸ ℎιε- [ρ]ὸν το͂ Κόδρο καὶ το͂ Νελέος καὶ τε͂ς Βασίλες τοῖς ἑαυτο͂ τέλεσιν· ὁπ- 15[ό]σεν δ’ ἂν ἄλφει μίσ[θ]οσιν τὸ τέμενος κατὰ τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον, κ- αταβαλλέτο τὸ ἀργύριον ἐπὶ τε͂ς ἐνάτες πρυτανείας τοῖς ἀποδέκ- ται[ς], οἱ δὲ ἀποδέκται τοῖς ταμίαισι το͂ν ἄλλον θεο͂ν παραδιδόντον [κ]ατὰ τὸν νόμον· ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἐὰν μὲ ποιέσει τὰ ἐφσεφισμένα ἒ ἄλλ- ος τις οἷς προτέτακται περὶ τούτον ἐπὶ τε͂ς Αἰγείδος πρυτανεί- 20ας, εὐθυνέσθω μυρίεσι δραχμε͂σιν. τὸν δὲ ἐονεμένον τὲν ἰλὺν ἐκκο- μίσασθαι ἐκ τε͂ς τάφρο ἐπὶ τε͂σδε τε͂ς βολε͂ς ἀποδόντα τὸ ἀργύριον το͂ι Νελεῖ ὅσο ἐπρίατο· ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἐχσαλεψάτο τὸν πριάμενον τ- ὴν ἰλύν, ἐπειδὰν ἀποδο͂ι τὲμ μίσθοσιν· τὸν δὲ μισθοσάμενον τὸ τέμ- ενος καὶ ὁπόσο ἂν μισθόσεται ἀντενγραφσάτο ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐς τὸν τ- 25οῖχον καὶ τὸς ἐγγυετὰς κατὰ τὸν νόμον ὅσπερ κεῖται το͂ν τεμενο͂ν. τὸ δὲ φσέφισμα τόδε, ὅπος ἂν ἐ͂ι εἰδέναι το͂[ι] βολομένοι, ἀναγράφσα- ς ὁ γραμματεὺς ὁ τε͂ς βολε͂ς ἐν στέλει λιθίνει καταθέτο ἐν το͂ι Νελεί- οι παρὰ τὰ ἴκρια· οἱ δὲ κολακρέται δόντον τὸ ἀργύριον ἐς ταῦτα vv μισθο͂ν δὲ βασιλέα τὸ τέμενος το͂ Νελέος καὶ τε͂ς Βασίλες κατὰ 30τάδε· τὸν μισθοσάμενον ἐ͂ρχσαι μὲν τὸ ℎιερὸν το͂ Κόδρο καὶ το͂ Νελέ- ος καὶ τε͂ς Βασίλες κατὰ τὰς χσυνγραφὰς ἐπὶ τε͂ς βολε͂ς τε͂ς εἰσιόσ- ες, τὸ δὲ τ[έ]μ̣ενο[ς] το͂ Νελέος καὶ τε͂ς Βασίλες κατὰ τάδε ἐργάζεσθαι· φυτεῦσαι φυτευτέρια ἐλαο͂ν μὲ ὄλεζον ἒ διακόσια, πλέονα δὲ ἐὰν β- όλεται, καὶ τε͂ς τάφρο καὶ το͂ ὕδατος κρατε͂ν το͂ ἐγ Διὸς τὸν μισθοσά- 35μενον, ὁπόσον ἐντὸς ῥεῖ το͂ Διονυσίο καὶ το͂ν πυλο͂ν ἑ͂<ι> ἅλαδε ἐ[χ]σελα- ύνοσιν οἱ μύσται καὶ ὁπόσον ἐντὸς τε͂ς οἰκίας τε͂ς δεμοσίας καὶ τ- ο͂ν πυλο͂ν αἳ ἐπὶ τὸ Ἰσθμονίκο βαλανεῖον ἐκφέροσι· μισθο͂ν δὲ κατὰ εἴκοσι ἐτο͂ν.

plain — letters read on the stone 石上可读之字 [italic] — supplied by an editor 编者所补

Of 1882 Greek letters in this text, 1864 stand on the stone and 18 are supplied — 1%% restoration: the stele is unusually well preserved.
全文希腊字母 1882 个，石上可读者 1864 个，编者所补者 18 个，补字约占 1%%：此碑保存殊佳。

Translation · 译文 （英文，AIO 846）

Gods.

Decree 1

The Council and the People decided. Pandionis was in prytany, Aristoxenos was secretary, Antiochides was chairman, Antiphon was archon (418/7); Adosios proposed:[2] to fence in the sanctuary of Kodros and Neleus and Basile[3] and to lease the sacred precinct according to the specifications.[4] Let the official sellers make the contract for the fencing in. Let the king lease the sacred precinct according to the specifications, and let him despatch the boundary-commissioners to demarcate these sanctuaries so that they may be in the best and most pious condition. The money for the fencing in shall come from the sacred precinct. They shall carry out these provisions before the end of this Council’s term of office, otherwise each shall be liable to a fine of one thousand drachmas according to what has been proposed.

Decree 2

Adosios proposed: in other respects in accordance with the Council’s proposal, but let the king and the official sellers lease the sacred precinct of Neleus and Basile for twenty years according to the specifications.[5] The lessee shall fence in the sanctuary of Kodros and Neleus and Basile at his own expense. Whatever rent the sacred precinct may produce in each year, let him deposit the money in the ninth prytany with the receivers,[6] and let the receivers hand it over to the treasurers of the Other Gods according to the law. If the king or anyone else of those instructed about these matters does not carry out what has been decreed in the prytany of Aigeis, let him be liable to a fine of 10,000 drachmas. The purchaser of the mud[7] shall remove it from the ditch during this very Council after paying to Neleus the price at which he made the purchase. Let the king erase the name of the purchaser of the mud once he has paid the fee. Let the king write up instead on the wall[8] the name of the lessee of the sacred precinct and for how much he has rented it and the names of the guarantors in accordance with the law that concerns the sacred precincts. So that anyone who wishes may be able to know,[9] let the secretary of the Council inscribe this decree on a stone stele and place it in the Neleion next to the railings.[10] Let the payment officers give the money to this end.

Lease terms

The king shall lease the sacred precinct of Neleus and of Basile on the following terms: that the lessee fence in the sanctuary of Kodros and Neleus and Basile according to the specifications during the term of the Council that is about to enter office, and that he work the sacred precinct of Neleus and Basile on the following terms: that he plant young sprouts of olive trees, no fewer than 200, and more if he wishes; that the lessee have control of the ditch and the water from Zeus,[11] as much as flows in between the Dionysion and the gates whence the initiates march out to the sea, and as much as flows in between the public building[12] and the gates leading out to the bath of Isthmonikos; lease it for twenty years.

Notes · 注释 （AIO 校注）

  1. [1] These decrees make arrangements for the lease of the precinct (temenos) of Neleus and Basile, a tract of land distinct from, but apparently adjacent to, the sanctuary (hieron) of Kodros, Neleus and Basile, which is to be fenced off. The sanctuary was between the Phaleron gate (“whence the initiates march out to the sea”, l. 35, i.e. starting point of a procession in context of Eleusinian Mysteries) and the Itonian gate, l. 37 (leading to the Isthmonic baths). There has been debate about whether it was located inside (thus e.g. OR) or outside (thus Pernin) the walls. The size of the temenos, large enough for more than 200 olive trees and therefore likely to be at least 5 acres = 2 ha. (cf. Foxhall, Olive Cultivation in Ancient Greece [2007], 116), might suggest a location outside the walls, as might Plato’s comment (Charm. 153a) that the palaistra of Taureas was opposite the sanctuary of Basile. Those who support a location inside the walls lay emphasis on: (a) the findspot of this stele, which seems to have been just inside the walls, at the north-east corner of the junction of Makrigianni and Chatzichristou streets (but Pernin emphasises that it was not discovered in situ); (b) a fifth-century stone inscribed ‘boundary of the sanctuary’ (IG I3 1076), found in situ at the junction of Chatzichristou and Syngrou streets (but Pernin emphasises that it is uncertain whether it relates to this sanctuary). This lease was issued against the background of the Peloponnesian War, in which food supply was a perennial concern, and specifically of the Archidamian War, during which Athenians had crowded behind the city walls for safety. The Archidamian War had been concluded three years previously, however, and there is nothing in the text that suggests that the lease was in the nature of an emergency measure in war time.
  2. [2] Adosios, who is not otherwise known, carried this measure through the Council and the Assembly, amending in the Assembly (l. 11) the proposal which he had himself formulated in the Council. This is unusual, but not unexampled (see e.g. IG II2 1, IG II3 1, 294) and could arise from a number of circumstances, including reluctance, on the part of the Council, to overdetermine the Assembly’s options.
  3. [3] Basile, whose name connotes queenliness, is a somewhat obscure figure whose cult is attested in several places in Attica (see e.g. Lambert, ZPE 139 [2002], 80-81, associating her with the festival of the dead, Genesia). Kodros was the last Athenian king, who gave his life to save Athens from the Dorians, and Neleus was his father (alternatively king of Pylos, cf. Hdt. 5.65).
  4. [4] The precise meaning of syngraphai here is uncertain. Pernin, p. 37, takes them to be a collection of texts stipulating general conditions for the lease of sacred estates. See now also D. Erdas, ASNP 10, 2018, 334-35 (= SEG 68.33).
  5. [5] Except that sacred land was normally leased for 10 years, the procedure here broadly corresponds with that specified for leases of sacred land at Ath. Pol. 47.4. The 20-year term in this case would be to allow time for a return on the investment entailed in planting olives. Though this is one of the earliest surviving of all land leases and it is uncertain whether significance should be ascribed to the fact, this is the earliest extant Attic lease which specifies a particular planting regime (a so-called emphyteutic clause).
  6. [6] This is the earliest appearance of these officials, who were responsible for receiving and distributing public revenues, the latter function becoming more developed in the fourth-century democracy, Ath. Pol. 48.1-2 with Papazarkadas, 84-85.
  7. [7] The mud (from the bottom of drainage channels?) is sold (presumably for use as topsoil or for making mud bricks), as part of an agreement already in place before the lessee of the temenos takes the land over.
  8. [8] Perhaps the wall of the Royal Stoa, which was the base of the archon basileus and which held the lease records (Aelian, Var. Hist. 6.1; cf. Papazarkadas, 72–3).
  9. [9] This type of “formula of disclosure” is unusual (for a slightly different formula see IG I3 1453 with n. 3) and, where it occurs, seems to be motivated more by a concern to make detailed information available to those with a specific interest than by an abstract concern for freedom of information (see J. Sickinger, in L. Mitchell et al. eds., Greek History and Epigraphy. Essays ... P.J. Rhodes [2009], 87-102; and now also C. Lasagni, RFIC 146, 2018, 348-55 = SEG 68.33). Here the concern seems to be to inform those with a potential interest in the property, including sanctuary users, neighbours and perhaps potential tenants. As if in response to this invitation to “know” the terms of the decree, someone has scratched under the bottom of the text: [[Ε̣Υ̣Λ̣ . . . . .]] ΚΛΕΠΤΗΣ, “Eua- (a name) (is a) thief”, and someone else in turn, perhaps Eua-, has erased the name. This graffito is dated in IG to the 4th cent. or later, but more likely belongs to a period shortly after the decree was erected [SDL].
  10. [10] This term might alternatively refer to wooden seating.
  11. [11] The use to which the lessee is to put these water rights is unclear.
  12. [12] Public property is implied, but the purpose of the building is unspecified.

Concordance · 著录 （AIO 所列）