{ "schema": "magalia-opera-passage-guide-1", "reviewed_on": "2026-10-11", "scope": "Curated ancient-first reading guides for the 30 admitted excerpts. The original ancient records and 700 libretto units remain separate and unchanged.", "policy": "Closest denotes an editorially selected counterpart, not causal source dependence. Exact libretto quotations, contextual summaries and additional primary-source windows have distinct roles. No personal original-language reading by Handel is established.", "extraction_policy": "Local canonical TEI main text; whitespace normalized; note/pb/lb/milestone elements excluded but tails retained. Latin Library adjacent chapters read from separately identified published HTML. No local path belongs in public projection.", "assessment": { "intent": "Make the ancient-evidence view a usable entry point into the opera: readers should see which libretto passage is relevant, why it is relevant, and where the ancient excerpt sits in its source narrative.", "logic": "Closest is an editorial judgment, not a lexical search result or a claim of direct borrowing. An association can be a correspondence, transformation, contrast or later biographical control. The quoted unit, the entire scene and a modern comparison are distinct levels. Surrounding text and editorial synopsis must also remain distinct.", "feasibility": "The existing 30 ancient records and 700 stable libretto units permit complete reverse linkage without altering the receiving texts. Bounded primary-source verification permits before-and-after summaries for every excerpt and additional original-language windows where quotation boundaries obstruct comprehension. This does not resolve all disputed chronology, textual corruption or source dependence.", "improved_prompt": "Redesign the Ancient evidence view so that each of the 30 existing excerpts immediately identifies its author, work and locus and the closest relevant passage or scene in the Giulio Cesare libretto. Curate one to three associations per excerpt; do not merely invert all existing comparison links. Give exact act, scene, speaker and permanent unit anchors, a brief explanation of relevance, and faithful Italian-English quotation from the linked unit. Mark correspondence, transformation, contrast, non-exclusive parallel and later biographical context separately. State when no close episode counterpart exists. Highlight only wording actually present in the ancient excerpt.\n\nLocate every excerpt within its verified primary source. Provide a short narrative-context synopsis and preceding/following loci with grounded summaries. Where a cut-off sentence, missing antecedent or compressed narrative makes an excerpt misleading, add a separately labelled original Greek or Latin context window with a close new translation and exact edition, source locator and textual limitations. Keep the original 30 quotation/translation records and all 700 receiving units unchanged.\n\nIntegrate these guides in the reader with visible primary associations and tidy access to fuller context, source details and broader comparisons. Preserve public citation routes and private provenance boundaries. Deliver a reusable guide dataset, the prompt assessment, conservation and citation audits, and desktop/narrow layout verification. Distinguish ancient testimony, editorial interpretation and causal source dependence throughout; do not infer Handel’s personal original-language reading from a parallel." }, "counts": { "passages": 30, "opera_associations": 57, "context_windows": 8 }, "unresolved": [ "Dio TEI carries known beta-code conversion/punctuation defects, especially πῥ??ʼπεσὼν in 42.43.3; no repair is admitted.", "Lucan 10.76 begins as a continuation of 10.70–75 and therefore deliberately retains a leading ellipsis in the contextual translation.", "Plutarch Caesar48.4 does not specify the currency of the debt; numerical relationships are preserved without silently inserting units.", "These windows supply narrative context, not evidence of the opera makers’ personal reading of ancient originals.", "Suetonius Julius 54 has no close Egyptian-episode counterpart and no existing comparison join; its broad contrast is explicitly labeled.", "Appian Civil Wars 5.69 and 5.144 provide later genealogy/biography controls rather than Egyptian narrative counterparts.", "Dio 42.35.2–4 crowd-and-diadem action, Caesar Civil War 3.112 command struggle, and Dio 42.34 fiscal grievance lack exact stage counterparts; character/scene contrasts are explicit.", "Several strongest exact utterances lie outside the existing comparison libretto-ID lists; the selected associations are independent curation, not wholesale inversion." ], "records": [ { "passage_id": "anc-caesar-bc-3-103-2-5", "title": "Cleopatra and Ptolemy contest the throne", "relationship": "correspondence", "relevance": "Caesar reports armed conflict between the siblings and Cleopatra’s expulsion; Act I stages their rival claims face to face. The shared dynastic conflict is evidence for comparison, not proof that these speeches translate Caesar.", "ancient_focus": [ "magnis copiis cum sorore Cleopatra bellum gerens", "puer aetate" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-18" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s05-u023", "title": "Cleopatra claims her crown", "relationship": "correspondence", "explanation": "Her claim to the crown gives the stage counterpart to the royal dispute narrated by Caesar.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 5, "speaker": "CLEOPATRA", "it_quote": "Io ciò ch'è mio contendo; e la corona\ndovuta alla mia fronte\ngiustamente pretendo.", "en_quote": "I contend for what is mine, and justly claim\nthe crown that is owed\nto my brow.", "ancient_focus": "magnis copiis cum sorore Cleopatra bellum gerens" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s05-u025", "title": "Cleopatra mocks Ptolemy’s youth", "relationship": "correspondence", "explanation": "The insult retains youth but adds an erotic and gendered taunt absent from Caesar’s phrase.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 5, "speaker": "CLEOPATRA", "it_quote": "Anzi tu pur, effeminato amante,\nva dell'età sui primi albori,\ndi regno invece a coltivar gli amori!", "en_quote": "Rather you, effeminate lover,\ngo in the first dawn of your years\nand cultivate love instead of a kingdom!", "ancient_focus": "puer aetate" } ], "context": { "summary": "Caesar’s narrative turns from Pompey’s defeat and flight to Pompey’s arrival in Egypt. Pompey seeks protection from the son of his former royal ally while Ptolemy and Cleopatra are already at war; the envoys’ contact with former Pompeian soldiers supplies the immediate lead-in to the murder plot.", "before": { "locus": "3.103.1", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"103\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "d14f00b56e6251e19ff52be8bf4dddf243cb597153c82b7f94b15adbe144d18b", "original_sha256": "9b143dea47261960db82f2362359e3b7ed04a2bef6748fe783f962a808c9f45e", "summary": "Pompey abandons the plan to enter Syria, obtains money and military supplies, assembles two thousand armed men, and reaches Pelusium.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "3.104", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"104\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "d14f00b56e6251e19ff52be8bf4dddf243cb597153c82b7f94b15adbe144d18b", "original_sha256": "fa5bc19a3b39806cd311989092babb4e4c230b4c539f15bad1becd5d366876a6", "summary": "The royal advisers publicly welcome Pompey while privately commissioning Achillas and Septimius to kill him. Caesar supplies alternative explanations for their decision rather than certifying a single motive.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml" } ], "windows": [ { "locus": "3.103.1", "original": "Quibus cognitis rebus Pompeius deposito adeundae Syriae consilio pecunia societatibus sublata et a quibusdam privatis sumpta et aeris magno pondere ad militarem usum in naves imposito duobusque milibus hominum armatis, partim quos ex familiis societatum delegerat, partim a negotiatoribus coegerat, quosque ex suis quisque ad hanc rem idoneos existimabat, Pelusium pervenit.", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"103\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]" ], "cts_edition": "urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2" }, "source_sha256": "d14f00b56e6251e19ff52be8bf4dddf243cb597153c82b7f94b15adbe144d18b", "original_sha256": "9b143dea47261960db82f2362359e3b7ed04a2bef6748fe783f962a808c9f45e", "id": "ctx-caesar-bc-3-103-1", "title": "Before: Pompey reaches Pelusium", "author": "Julius Caesar", "work": "Civil War", "language": "Latin", "translation": "On learning these events, Pompey abandoned the plan of going to Syria, took money from the companies and obtained it from certain private individuals, loaded a great weight of bronze onto his ships for military use, and, with two thousand armed men—partly men he had selected from the companies’ households, partly men he had compelled from among the merchants, and men each of his followers considered suitable for this purpose—reached Pelusium.", "translation_status": "New close English translation from the cited original, not copied from an existing translation.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "source_filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "source_id": "gc-a-src-caesar-bc", "edition": "Julius Caesar C. Iuli Caesaris Commentariorum, pars posterior Renatus du Pontet Oxford Clarendon 1901 Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis Internet Archive", "limitation": "The opening ‘on learning these events’ refers backward to the preceding account of Pompey’s reception in the region. The added prelude does not replace the original 3.103.2–5 quotation.", "role": "Surrounding narrative context; does not establish direct consultation by Handel, Haym or Bussani.", "rights": [ { "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License", "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" } ] } ] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-caesar-bc-3-104", "title": "Achillas’s responsibility for Pompey’s death", "relationship": "transformation", "relevance": "Caesar places Achillas and Septimius in the killing boat; the dying operatic Achillas says he advised Pompey’s death. The opera concentrates responsibility in its named commander without reproducing the narrated murder scene.", "ancient_focus": [ "ibi ab Achilla et Septimio interficitur", "Achillam, praefectum regium, singulari hominem audacia" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-15", "gc-comparison-16", "gc-comparison-25" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s04-u023", "title": "Achillas confesses his counsel", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "The confession admits counsel, whereas Caesar expressly assigns Achillas a part in the killing.", "scope": "speech", "act": 3, "scene": 4, "speaker": "ACHILLA", "it_quote": "digli che quell'Achilla,\nche consigliò di Pompeo la morte....", "en_quote": "tell her that Achillas,\nwho advised Pompey's death…", "ancient_focus": "ibi ab Achilla et Septimio interficitur" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s03-u006", "title": "Achillas brings the head", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "The commander also becomes the stage bearer of the head, a separate role from Caesar’s account of the boat murder.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 3, "speaker": "ACHILLA", "it_quote": "Acciò l'Italia ad adorarti impari,\nin pegno d'amistade e di sua fede\nquesta del gran Pompeo superba testa\ndi base al regal trono offre al tuo piede.", "en_quote": "So that Italy may learn to worship you,\nas a pledge of friendship and of his loyalty,\nhe offers at your feet this proud head\nof great Pompey, as a support for your royal throne.", "ancient_focus": "Achillam, praefectum regium, singulari hominem audacia" } ], "context": { "summary": "This is Caesar’s account of Pompey’s murder after his appeal for Egyptian protection. The threat supposedly posed by Pompey’s contact with the royal army is attributed to the advisers’ later explanation; Caesar also offers contempt for the defeated man as an alternative.", "before": { "locus": "3.103.4–5", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"103\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"103\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "d14f00b56e6251e19ff52be8bf4dddf243cb597153c82b7f94b15adbe144d18b", "original_sha256": "344a389acc9af749184a38b2c1fe179ec80e2a02ee0911745f692b97b39d8206", "summary": "Pompey’s envoys encourage the royal soldiers to honour him; some of those soldiers had formerly served Pompey and were brought to Egypt by Gabinius.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "3.105.1–2", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"105\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"105\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "d14f00b56e6251e19ff52be8bf4dddf243cb597153c82b7f94b15adbe144d18b", "original_sha256": "ec6b216eac694aa4a4598a2e570e10eca35138e734374952ddca65f9fb0e7236", "summary": "The narrative shifts from Pompey’s killing to Caesar in Asia, where his arrival interrupts Ampius’ attempt to take money from Diana’s sanctuary at Ephesus. This favourable account of Caesar’s protection of sacred funds precedes the Egyptian narrative.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-caesar-bc-3-107", "title": "Legal arbitration becomes a plea before Caesar and Rome", "relationship": "transformation", "relevance": "Caesar presents intervention as a consul’s legal arbitration of the siblings’ dispute. Cleopatra’s disguised appeal stages a petition for justice, while the opera’s praise enlarges Caesar’s authority into world rule.", "ancient_focus": [ "de controversiis iure apud se potius quam inter se armis disceptare", "ad se, quod esset consul" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-24" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s07-u015", "title": "Cleopatra asks for justice", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "The petition is the closest staged exercise of Caesar’s adjudicating authority; its disguise and emotional presentation are dramatic additions.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 7, "speaker": "CLEOPATRA", "it_quote": "Avanti al tuo cospetto, avanti a Roma,\nmesta, afflitta e piangente\nchieggio giustizia.", "en_quote": "Before your presence, before Rome,\nsad, afflicted, and weeping,\nI ask for justice.", "ancient_focus": "de controversiis iure apud se potius quam inter se armis disceptare" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s02-u006", "title": "Cornelia assigns Caesar the world", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "Her encomium exceeds the consulship and alliance obligations invoked by the narrator.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 2, "speaker": "CORNELIA", "it_quote": "Signor, Roma è già tua. Teco han gli dei\noggi diviso il regno, ed è lor legge\nche del grand'orbe al pondo\nGiove regoli il ciel, Cesare il mondo.", "en_quote": "My lord, Rome is already yours. Today the gods\nhave divided rule with you, and it is their law\nthat, under the burden of the great universe,\nJove governs heaven, Caesar the world.", "ancient_focus": "ad se, quod esset consul" } ], "context": { "summary": "Caesar explains both his continued presence in Alexandria and his claim to arbitrate the dynastic quarrel. The surrounding narrative presents hostile crowds and a small Roman force; the legal and treaty language is Caesar’s own justification of his intervention.", "before": { "locus": "3.106.3–5", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"106\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"106\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"106\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "d14f00b56e6251e19ff52be8bf4dddf243cb597153c82b7f94b15adbe144d18b", "original_sha256": "e312f77df144127ffc6ed2b49527cf5a43ca563eb37b259c21d6b9e247ec0a8f", "summary": "Caesar says that confidence in his reputation led him to arrive with weak reinforcements. His lictors’ fasces provoke a protest that royal dignity is being diminished, and later disturbances kill Roman soldiers in the streets.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "3.108.1–3", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"108\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"108\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"108\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "d14f00b56e6251e19ff52be8bf4dddf243cb597153c82b7f94b15adbe144d18b", "original_sha256": "c94fe4610e6b538b21cfda998e1043c6889483c4d01ace0719c0e5a3e82e11a3", "summary": "Pothinus objects to summoning the king to plead his case, secretly recalls the army from Pelusium, and puts Achillas in command. The dispute over Caesar’s authority thus leads into military opposition.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-caesar-bc-3-110-1-3", "title": "A mixed army complicates “base Egyptian”", "relationship": "contrast", "relevance": "Cornelia’s insult creates an opposition between Roman honour and Egyptian baseness. Caesar’s description instead includes Roman Gabinian veterans, men from neighbouring regions, and exiles within Achillas’s army; it does not authenticate Cornelia’s ethnic moral judgment.", "ancient_focus": [ "haec constabant ex Gabinianis militibus", "multi praeterea capitis damnati exulesque convenerant." ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-12" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s11-u004", "title": "Cornelia refuses the Egyptian captor", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The military composition is a control against reading the opera’s insult as a straightforward ethnographic description.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 11, "speaker": "CORNELIA", "it_quote": "Barbaro, una Romana\nsposa ad un vil Egizio?", "en_quote": "Barbarian! A Roman woman\nbecome the wife of a base Egyptian?", "ancient_focus": "haec constabant ex Gabinianis militibus" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s06-u010", "title": "Ptolemy answers with “base Roman”", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The reciprocal insult shows how both sides use status language; the source’s mixed force prevents a simple Roman–Egyptian division.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 6, "speaker": "TOLOMEO", "it_quote": "Tant'osa un vil Romano?", "en_quote": "Does a base Roman dare so much?", "ancient_focus": "multi praeterea capitis damnati exulesque convenerant." } ], "context": { "summary": "The description of Achillas’ army follows the failure of Caesar’s attempt to negotiate through royal envoys. Its strength and mixed composition explain the danger facing Caesar; the disparaging language about Roman soldiers’ Alexandrian habits belongs to Caesar’s partisan narration.", "before": { "locus": "3.109.4–6", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"109\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"109\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"109\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "d14f00b56e6251e19ff52be8bf4dddf243cb597153c82b7f94b15adbe144d18b", "original_sha256": "04bb52fc0ab359ae5b32550adaca07f9c0eb55e2f422a03415f15f9cc3362fa2", "summary": "Achillas orders the king’s envoys seized and killed before hearing their message; one survives his wound. Caesar keeps Ptolemy under his control so that the war can appear to be a private undertaking by a few men and brigands rather than a royal decision.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "3.110.4–6", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"110\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"110\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"110\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "d14f00b56e6251e19ff52be8bf4dddf243cb597153c82b7f94b15adbe144d18b", "original_sha256": "33dc1066af9a700992270690aadd98079a6b9408aa11fa843080b62021c4736b", "summary": "Caesar adds Roman fugitives, collective protection against their masters, pressure on kings and wealthy residents, two thousand cavalry, and experience in earlier Alexandrian wars. The army is described as an established political and military force.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-caesar-bc-3-112-10-12", "title": "Arsinoe’s command struggle is absent from the stage cast", "relationship": "contrast", "relevance": "Caesar narrates the younger princess’s alliance and subsequent command dispute with Achillas. The opera gives Achillas a switch to Cleopatra and a rescue-enabling seal, but has no Arsinoe or Pothinus: these are contextual contrasts, not equivalents of the omitted figures.", "ancient_focus": [ "filia minor Ptolomaei regis vacuam possessionem regni sperans ad Achillam sese ex regia traiecit", "sed celeriter est inter eos de principatu controversia orta" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-25" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s01-u004", "title": "Achillas offers his standards to Cleopatra", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The stage alliance with Cleopatra differs from the younger princess’s alliance with Achillas in Caesar.", "scope": "speech", "act": 3, "scene": 1, "speaker": "ACHILLA", "it_quote": "prodi campioni, e a Cleopatra avanti\noffriam le nostre insegne, offriamle il core,", "en_quote": "brave champions: let us offer Cleopatra\nour standards, let us offer her our hearts,", "ancient_focus": "filia minor Ptolomaei regis vacuam possessionem regni sperans ad Achillam sese ex regia traiecit" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s04-u033", "title": "Achillas transfers military access through his seal", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The seal solves a rescue problem without reproducing the source’s contest over command.", "scope": "speech", "act": 3, "scene": 4, "speaker": "ACHILLA", "it_quote": "Questo sigil tu prendi;\nnel più vicino speco\ncentro armati guerrieri\na questo segno ad ubbidir son pronti;", "en_quote": "Take this seal;\nin the nearest cave\na hundred armed warriors\nare ready to obey this token.", "ancient_focus": "sed celeriter est inter eos de principatu controversia orta" } ], "context": { "summary": "These are the final sections of Caesar’s Civil War. Arsinoe’s move to Achillas’ side and the struggle over command are simultaneous with Pothinus’ continued communication with the army from Caesar’s quarters; they are a compressed opening to the Alexandrian war, not its conclusion.", "before": { "locus": "3.112.8–9", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"112\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"112\"]/t:div[@n=\"9\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "d14f00b56e6251e19ff52be8bf4dddf243cb597153c82b7f94b15adbe144d18b", "original_sha256": "1a9d26f3a97fdcd28ab83405c1cbc4f31f476803e70683caafd90e151b4c663e", "summary": "Caesar describes the small palace sector and adjoining theatre he occupied, their access to the harbour and dockyards, and the additional defences he built over the following days.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "End of work", "summary": "The work ends here with ‘the beginnings of the Alexandrian war’. The separately authored Alexandrian War continues the Caesarian corpus; it is a different work and witness.", "status": "terminal", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Verified final cited division of this work." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-caesar-bc-2-42-3-4", "title": "Curio appears after his narrated African death", "relationship": "contrast", "relevance": "If the operatic Curio denotes Caesar’s lieutenant Gaius Scribonius Curio, his victorious appearance in the Egyptian finale conflicts with the death narrated in book 2. The identification remains conditional; the opera’s recognizable name does not by itself establish a complete historical identity.", "ancient_focus": [ "at Curio numquam se amisso exercitu, quem a Caesare fidei commissum acceperit, in eius conspectum reversurum confirmat atque ita proelians interficitur." ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-26" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s10-u008", "title": "The finale greets victorious Curio", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The living victor in Egypt is the sharpest chronological counterpoint to the lieutenant’s death fighting in the African campaign.", "scope": "line", "act": 3, "scene": 10, "speaker": "NIRENO", "it_quote": "Qui  Curio vincitor, qui tuo l'Egitto;", "en_quote": "Here is victorious Curio; here Egypt is yours.", "ancient_focus": "at Curio numquam se amisso exercitu, quem a Caesare fidei commissum acceperit, in eius conspectum reversurum confirmat atque ita proelians interficitur." } ], "context": { "summary": "This Curio dies during the earlier African campaign narrated in Book 2, before the Egyptian episode of Book 3. The passage is an identity and chronology control for the opera’s Curio, conditional on identifying him with this Caesarian commander; it does not by itself prove that identification.", "before": { "locus": "2.42.1–2", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "d14f00b56e6251e19ff52be8bf4dddf243cb597153c82b7f94b15adbe144d18b", "original_sha256": "884b38b89cb22078e0f9e6f766f3d59d69f050d9204845a85fa9e481813e688a", "summary": "With Curio’s army in panic, his attempt to occupy nearby hills fails because Saburra’s cavalry reaches them first. Some Romans flee and are killed; others collapse without wounds.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "2.43.1–3", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]/t:div[@n=\"43\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]/t:div[@n=\"43\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]/t:div[@n=\"43\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "d14f00b56e6251e19ff52be8bf4dddf243cb597153c82b7f94b15adbe144d18b", "original_sha256": "257cbe14cc29efe3cd2eef95b49290076ccc85b7524e2ee81a9a3b9ce290a9fd", "summary": "News reaches Marcius Rufus in the camp. The survivors beg to be carried back to Sicily, while panic, rumours, and the flight of sailors obstruct an orderly evacuation.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-plutarch-pompey-55-1-3", "title": "Cornelia’s Scipionic lineage is retained", "relationship": "correspondence", "relevance": "Caesar’s address preserves Cornelia’s aristocratic lineage. Plutarch’s earlier marriage biography also supplies education and a previous widowhood that this address does not stage; textual omission does not settle what music or performance can convey.", "ancient_focus": [ "Κορνηλίαν θυγατέρα Μετέλλου Σκηπίωνος" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-09" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s02-u007", "title": "Caesar recognizes “offspring of the Scipios”", "relationship": "correspondence", "explanation": "The named descent is the closest verbal counterpart, while the studies described immediately afterwards have no direct counterpart in this speech.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 2, "speaker": "CESARE", "it_quote": "Da Cesare che chiedi,\ngran germe de' Scipioni, alta Cornelia?", "en_quote": "What do you ask of Caesar,\nillustrious offspring of the Scipios, noble Cornelia?", "ancient_focus": "Κορνηλίαν θυγατέρα Μετέλλου Σκηπίωνος" } ], "context": { "summary": "Cornelia’s education and character appear within Plutarch’s account of Pompey’s marriage while Rome entrusts him with exceptional power. The portrait is joined to criticism of the marriage’s timing and unequal ages, so it is more than an isolated list of Cornelia’s accomplishments.", "before": { "locus": "54.4–6", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"54\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"54\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"54\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "04a3ef5fd49224bfa956a457754498df065e14f487c99c5b5492b5f7e48dd30d", "original_sha256": "f28be0b7dabd7c26f0bfee8f38daedb911b799fa7f9b746b66f31eed0edf3cce", "summary": "Bibulus proposes Pompey as sole consul to end the disorder; Cato supports the proposal for the city’s sake rather than personal gratitude. The senate grants Pompey sole office and allows a later colleague.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "55.4–7", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"55\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"55\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"55\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"55\"]/t:div[@n=\"7\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "04a3ef5fd49224bfa956a457754498df065e14f487c99c5b5492b5f7e48dd30d", "original_sha256": "343a7a261ce97dca6952b95cf437edb9620e153ed888239e3d24dd28c071584e", "summary": "Plutarch describes Pompey’s judicial reforms but also his intervention for his father-in-law Scipio and other inconsistent conduct, before noting that Scipio becomes his colleague. Family alliance remains part of the political portrait.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-plutarch-pompey-79-3-4", "title": "Cornelia’s witnessing of murder becomes the sight of a head", "relationship": "transformation", "relevance": "Plutarch has Cornelia watch events from the ship as Pompey is killed; the opera brings her into Caesar’s scene and makes her react to the unveiled head. The shared bereavement must be distinguished from the changed place, object, and sequence of her witnessing.", "ancient_focus": [ "ἡ μὲν Κορνηλία μετὰ τῶν φίλων ἐκ τῆς τριήρους περιπαθὴς οὖσα τὸ μέλλον ἀπεσκοπεῖτο", "εἶτα Ἀχιλλᾶς ἐσπάσαντο τὰς μαχαίρας." ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-06", "gc-comparison-15" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s03-u010", "title": "Cornelia cries out to her husband", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "Her cry follows the head’s unveiling rather than witnessing the killing from a trireme.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 3, "speaker": "CORNELIA", "it_quote": "Ahi lassa!\nConsorte! Mio tesoro!", "en_quote": "Alas, unhappy me!\nHusband! My treasure!", "ancient_focus": "ἡ μὲν Κορνηλία μετὰ τῶν φίλων ἐκ τῆς τριήρους περιπαθὴς οὖσα τὸ μέλλον ἀπεσκοπεῖτο" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s04-u023", "title": "Achillas confesses counsel rather than the blow", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "Plutarch places Achillas among those drawing blades; the confession names counsel.", "scope": "line", "act": 3, "scene": 4, "speaker": "ACHILLA", "it_quote": "che consigliò di Pompeo la morte....", "en_quote": "who advised Pompey's death…", "ancient_focus": "εἶτα Ἀχιλλᾶς ἐσπάσαντο τὰς μαχαίρας." } ], "context": { "summary": "Cornelia watches from the larger ship while Pompey is carried toward the shore in the smaller boat. Her initial relief makes the betrayal sharper: the apparent reception becomes a murder witnessed from a distance, followed immediately by the companions’ flight.", "before": { "locus": "79.1–2", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"79\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"79\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "04a3ef5fd49224bfa956a457754498df065e14f487c99c5b5492b5f7e48dd30d", "original_sha256": "aa6905fe7c310658493439ce0caac63b167b6f3a3864a884f27742740e9bb467", "summary": "During the silent boat journey Pompey recognizes Septimius as a former fellow soldier; Septimius only nods. Pompey then reads the Greek speech he has prepared for Ptolemy.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "80.1", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"80\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "04a3ef5fd49224bfa956a457754498df065e14f487c99c5b5492b5f7e48dd30d", "original_sha256": "d4e1c76c70845489d9d5beddad99648c1351d3e7caa3e6ac748b3e5d406d05ac", "summary": "The people on the ships cry out and escape with the help of a strong wind. The murderers cut off Pompey’s head and abandon his naked body.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [ { "locus": "79.1–2", "original": "ταῦτα δʼ ἔσχατα πρὸς τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ φθεγξάμενος ἐνέβη καὶ συχνοῦ διαστήματος ὄντος ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἀπὸ τῆς τριήρους, ὡς οὐδεὶς παρὰ τῶν συμπλεόντων ἐγίνετο λόγος φιλάνθρωπος πρὸς αὐτόν, ἀποβλέψας εἰς τὸν Σεπτίμιον, οὐ δή πού σε, εἶπεν, ἐγὼ γεγονότα συστρατιώτην ἐμὸν ἀμφιγνοῶ;\nκἀκεῖνος ἐπένευσε τῇ κεφαλῇ μόνον, οὐδὲν προσειπὼν οὐδὲ φιλοφρονηθείς, πολλῆς οὖν πάλιν οὔσης σιωπῆς ὁ Πομπήϊος ἔχων ἐν βιβλίῳ μικρῷ γεγραμμένον ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ λόγον Ἑλληνικόν, ᾧ παρεσκεύαστο χρῆσθαι πρὸς τὸν Πτολεμαῖον, ἀνεγίνωσκεν.", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"79\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"79\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]" ], "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2" }, "source_sha256": "04a3ef5fd49224bfa956a457754498df065e14f487c99c5b5492b5f7e48dd30d", "original_sha256": "aa6905fe7c310658493439ce0caac63b167b6f3a3864a884f27742740e9bb467", "id": "ctx-plutarch-pompey-79-1-2", "title": "Before: Pompey in the boat", "author": "Plutarch", "work": "Life of Pompey", "language": "Greek", "translation": "After speaking these last words to his own companions, he embarked. The distance from the trireme to the shore was considerable, and none of those sailing with him addressed any friendly word to him; looking toward Septimius, he said, ‘Surely I am not mistaken in recognizing you as a former fellow soldier of mine?’ Septimius merely nodded his head, without greeting him or showing him any friendliness. Again there was a long silence; Pompey, holding in a small book a Greek speech written by himself, which he had prepared to use before Ptolemy, read it.", "translation_status": "New close English translation from the cited original, not copied from an existing translation.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "source_filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "source_id": "gc-a-src-plutarch-pompey", "edition": "Plutarch Plutarch's Lives Bernadotte Perrin Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd. 1917 5 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive", "limitation": "‘These last words’ refers to the farewell in 78.4; this is a prelude to the existing murder quotation, not an independent transcript of Pompey’s speech.", "role": "Surrounding narrative context; does not establish direct consultation by Handel, Haym or Bussani.", "rights": [ { "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License", "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" } ] } ] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-plutarch-pompey-80-1", "title": "The severed head reaches the stage; the fugitives stay", "relationship": "transformation", "relevance": "The unveiling directly corresponds to the source’s severed head as an object, but its presentation is a later staged event. Plutarch’s shipboard witnesses escape, whereas the opera keeps Cornelia and Sextus in Egypt and subjects their release to Achillas’s demand.", "ancient_focus": [ "τοῦ δὲ Πομπηΐου τὴν μὲν κεφαλὴν ἀποτέμνουσι", "ἔφυγον, ἀράμενοι τὰς ἀγκύρας κατὰ τάχος" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-06", "gc-comparison-14" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s03-u007", "title": "Pompey’s head is unveiled", "relationship": "correspondence", "explanation": "The direction presents the result of the decapitation, not the murder itself.", "scope": "scene", "act": 1, "scene": 3, "speaker": "STAGE", "it_quote": "Uno degli Egizii svela un bacile, sopra il quale sta il capo tronco di Pompeo", "en_quote": "One of the Egyptians uncovers a basin on which lies the severed head of Pompey.", "ancient_focus": "τοῦ δὲ Πομπηΐου τὴν μὲν κεφαλὴν ἀποτέμνουσι" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s11-u003", "title": "Achillas makes their freedom conditional", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The source’s escape differs from the mother-and-son captivity driving the opera.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 11, "speaker": "ACHILLA", "it_quote": "e i talami concedi,\nsarà la madre in libertà col figlio.", "en_quote": "and grant the marriage bed,\nthe mother shall be free together with her son.", "ancient_focus": "ἔφυγον, ἀράμενοι τὰς ἀγκύρας κατὰ τάχος" } ], "context": { "summary": "This is the immediate aftermath of the murder witnessed by Cornelia and Pompey’s companions. The ships escape before the Egyptians can pursue; Plutarch then separates the severed head’s political use from the neglected body’s improvised funeral.", "before": { "locus": "79.3–4", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"79\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"79\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "04a3ef5fd49224bfa956a457754498df065e14f487c99c5b5492b5f7e48dd30d", "original_sha256": "12efd1ad67c98a2f48ac3f308424fdea46cb5325e418fa06ad974ddcad1fd464", "summary": "Cornelia watches the apparent welcome from the trireme; Septimius strikes first, followed by Salvius and Achillas. Pompey covers his face and endures the blows.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "80.2–4", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"80\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"80\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"80\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "04a3ef5fd49224bfa956a457754498df065e14f487c99c5b5492b5f7e48dd30d", "original_sha256": "72954ec3884e3ae9202a0266d37a3320d99537958c487485c7f7c66c038853d0", "summary": "Philip washes and wraps the body and gathers wreckage for a pyre. An elderly Roman veteran helps him; Lentulus subsequently sees the funeral before himself being captured and killed.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-plutarch-pompey-80-5-6", "title": "Tears, punishment, and Cornelia’s mourning take different forms", "relationship": "transformation", "relevance": "Plutarch’s concluding sequence combines Caesar’s tears over Pompey’s seal, punishment of Achillas, and Cornelia’s receipt of the remains. The opera separates and reshapes these into public tears after the head, Achillas’s dying gift, and Cornelia’s relief through revenge; none of these differences proves direct dependence.", "ancient_focus": [ "τὴν δὲ σφραγῖδα τοῦ Πομπηΐου δεξάμενος ἐδάκρυσεν", "Ἀχιλλᾶν δὲ καὶ Ποθεινὸν ἀπέσφαξεν", "τὰ δὲ λείψανα τοῦ Πομπηΐου Κορνηλία δεξαμένη κομισθέντα, περὶ τὸν Ἀλβανὸν ἔθηκεν." ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-07", "gc-comparison-17", "gc-comparison-30" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s03-u015", "title": "Caesar weeps after the head is displayed", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "Plutarch attaches the tears to the received seal; the stage direction occurs in the head scene.", "scope": "line", "act": 1, "scene": 3, "speaker": "STAGE", "it_quote": "piange", "en_quote": "He weeps.", "ancient_focus": "τὴν δὲ σφραγῖδα τοῦ Πομπηΐου δεξάμενος ἐδάκρυσεν" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s04-u034", "title": "Achillas dies after passing his seal", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The direction belongs to his wounded, rescuing death rather than Caesar’s execution of him.", "scope": "line", "act": 3, "scene": 4, "speaker": "STAGE", "it_quote": "dà il sigillo a Sesto e spira", "en_quote": "He gives the seal to Sextus and dies.", "ancient_focus": "Ἀχιλλᾶν δὲ καὶ Ποθεινὸν ἀπέσφαξεν" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s09-u016", "title": "Cornelia’s revenge ends her fear", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "Her relief at Sextus’s victory replaces the biographical ending with receipt and burial of Pompey’s remains.", "scope": "speech", "act": 3, "scene": 9, "speaker": "CORNELIA", "it_quote": "Non ha più che temere\nquest'alma vendicata,\nor sì beata,\ncomincio a respirar.", "en_quote": "This avenged soul\nhas nothing more to fear;\nnow so blessed,\nI begin to breathe again.", "ancient_focus": "τὰ δὲ λείψανα τοῦ Πομπηΐου Κορνηλία δεξαμένη κομισθέντα, περὶ τὸν Ἀλβανὸν ἔθηκεν." } ], "context": { "summary": "Plutarch closes Pompey’s Life by compressing later punishment, Caesar’s response, and Cornelia’s recovery of the remains into a retrospective ending. His attribution of Achillas’ death here must be compared with other witnesses rather than treated as the only ancient account.", "before": { "locus": "80.2–4", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"80\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"80\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"80\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "04a3ef5fd49224bfa956a457754498df065e14f487c99c5b5492b5f7e48dd30d", "original_sha256": "72954ec3884e3ae9202a0266d37a3320d99537958c487485c7f7c66c038853d0", "summary": "Philip and an old Roman soldier prepare an improvised funeral for the abandoned body. Lentulus approaches without knowing of the murder, recognizes the possibility that the pyre is Pompey’s, and is later captured and killed.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "End of work", "summary": "The Life of Pompey ends with Cornelia’s burial of the recovered remains at the Alban estate; there is no subsequent narrative section in this work.", "status": "terminal", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Verified final cited division of this work." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-plutarch-caesar-48-2", "title": "Caesar’s clemency and his tears", "relationship": "correspondence", "relevance": "Plutarch presents Caesar as winning over captured Pompeians and delighting in saving opponents; the stage Caesar announces forgiveness of Pompey. The same excerpt makes him weep over the seal, while the opera places tears after the head’s display; the analogy does not authenticate the invented dialogue.", "ancient_focus": [ "τὸ σῴζειν τινὰς ἀεὶ τῶν πεπολεμηκότων πολιτῶν αὐτῷ.", "τὴν δὲ σφραγῖδα δεξάμενος τοῦ ἀνδρὸς κατεδάκρυσεν" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-05", "gc-comparison-07" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s02-u010", "title": "Caesar offers reconciliation to Pompey", "relationship": "correspondence", "explanation": "The speech dramatizes the policy of saving opponents but speaks before Caesar has learned Pompey is dead.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 2, "speaker": "CESARE", "it_quote": "Virtù de' grandi è il perdonar le offese.\nVenga Pompeo, Cesare abbracci, e resti\nl'ardor di Marte estinto:", "en_quote": "To forgive injuries is the virtue of the great.\nLet Pompey come; let Caesar embrace him, and let\nthe ardour of Mars be extinguished:", "ancient_focus": "τὸ σῴζειν τινὰς ἀεὶ τῶν πεπολεμηκότων πολιτῶν αὐτῷ." }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s03-u015", "title": "Caesar weeps in the head scene", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "The stage direction retains tears while changing their narrated occasion.", "scope": "line", "act": 1, "scene": 3, "speaker": "STAGE", "it_quote": "piange", "en_quote": "He weeps.", "ancient_focus": "τὴν δὲ σφραγῖδα δεξάμενος τοῦ ἀνδρὸς κατεδάκρυσεν" } ], "context": { "summary": "Caesar’s tears and clemency belong to Plutarch’s transition from the pursuit of Pompey to Egypt. Immediately afterwards Plutarch records competing accounts of why the Alexandrian war occurred, including Caesar’s love for Cleopatra and the hostility of the royal officials.", "before": { "locus": "48.1", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"48\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "90a5662394a8e562f0e3480e4dff7090e4e030605c9f60ee5c7ad39ada219769", "original_sha256": "8532375a2b32ecc4c6b9090067563b98d65e44c85233c73d52acc076a3afbc38", "summary": "After the victory Caesar grants freedom to the Thessalians, pursues Pompey, frees Cnidus, and reduces the tribute of the inhabitants of Asia.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg048/tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "48.3–5", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"48\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"48\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"48\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "90a5662394a8e562f0e3480e4dff7090e4e030605c9f60ee5c7ad39ada219769", "original_sha256": "05d3e1c533e9537d807957074d6a0bb41a8f535da293b0ba0b8fe6774e918fe3", "summary": "Some explain the Egyptian war as unnecessary and caused by Caesar’s love for Cleopatra; others blame Pothinus and the royal faction. Disputes about supplies and a royal debt end with Caesar secretly summoning Cleopatra.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg048/tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg048/tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [ { "locus": "48.3–5", "original": "τὸν δὲ αὐτόθι πόλεμον οἱ μὲν οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον. ἀλλʼ ἔρωτι Κλεοπάτρας ἄδοξον αὐτῷ καὶ κινδυνώδη γενέσθαι λέγουσιν, οἱ δὲ τοὺς βασιλικοὺς αἰτιῶνται, καὶ μάλιστα Τὸν εὐνοῦχον Ποθεινόν, ὃς πλεῖστον δυνάμενος καὶ Πομπήϊον μὲν ἀνῃρηκὼς ἔναγχος, ἐκβεβληκὼς δὲ Κλεοπάτραν, κρύφα μὲν ἐπεβούλευε τῷ Καίσαρι· καὶ διὰ τοῦτό φασιν αὐτὸν ἀρξάμενον ἔκτοτε διανυκτερεύειν ἐν τοῖς πότοις ἕνεκα φυλακῆς τοῦ σώματος· φανερῶς δὲ οὐκ ἦν ἀνεκτός ἐπίφθονα πολλὰ καὶ πρὸς ὕβριν εἴς Τὸν Καίσαρα λέγων καὶ πράττων.\nτοὺς μὲν γὰρ στρατιώτας Τὸν κάκιστον μετρουμένους καὶ παλαιότατον σῖτον ἐκέλευσεν ἀνέχεσθαι καὶ στέργειν, ἐσθίοντας τὰ ἀλλότρια, πρὸς δὲ τὰ δεῖπνα σκεύεσιν ἐχρῆτο ξυλίνοις καὶ κεραμεοῖς, ὡς τὰ χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ πάντα Καίσαρος ἔχοντος εἴς τι χρέος, ὤφειλε γὰρ ὁ τοῦ βασιλεύοντος τότε πατὴρ Καίσαρι χιλίας ἑπτακοσίας πεντήκοντα μυριάδας, ὧν τὰς μὲν ἄλλας ἀνῆκε τοῖς παισὶν αὐτοῦ πρότερον ὁ Καῖσαρ, τὰς δὲ χιλίας ἠξίου τότε λαβὼν διαθρέψαι τὸ στράτευμα.\nτοῦ δὲ Ποθεινοῦ νῦν μὲν αὐτὸν ἀπιέναι καὶ τῶν μεγάλων ἔχεσθαι πραγμάτων κελεύοντος, ὕστερον δὲ κομιεῖσθαι μετὰ χάριτος, εἰπὼν ὡς Αἰγυπτίων ἐλάχιστα δέοιτο συμβούλων, κρύφα τὴν Κλεοπάτραν ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας μετεπέμπετο.", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"48\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"48\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"48\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]" ], "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2" }, "source_sha256": "90a5662394a8e562f0e3480e4dff7090e4e030605c9f60ee5c7ad39ada219769", "original_sha256": "05d3e1c533e9537d807957074d6a0bb41a8f535da293b0ba0b8fe6774e918fe3", "id": "ctx-plutarch-caesar-48-3-5", "title": "After: competing explanations of the war", "author": "Plutarch", "work": "Life of Caesar", "language": "Greek", "translation": "Some say that the war there was unnecessary, but became discreditable and dangerous for Caesar because of his love for Cleopatra; others blame the royal officials, especially the eunuch Pothinus. He possessed the greatest power, had recently killed Pompey and driven Cleopatra out, and secretly plotted against Caesar. Because of this, they say, Caesar began from that time to spend the nights awake at drinking parties to protect himself; and openly Pothinus was intolerable, saying and doing many things against Caesar to excite resentment and insult him. He ordered the soldiers, when issued the worst and oldest grain, to endure it and be content, since they were eating what belonged to others; and at meals he used wooden and earthenware vessels, saying that Caesar held all the gold and silver against a debt. For the father of the reigning king had owed Caesar seventeen million five hundred thousand; Caesar had previously remitted the other sums to his children, but now demanded ten million to feed the army. When Pothinus told him to leave for the present and attend to his great affairs, and later recover the money with gratitude, Caesar said that he had very little need of Egyptian advisers and secretly summoned Cleopatra from the countryside.", "translation_status": "New close English translation from the cited original, not copied from an existing translation.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg048/tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "source_filename": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "source_id": "gc-a-src-plutarch-caesar", "edition": "Plutarch Plutarch's Lives Bernadotte Perrin Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd. 1919 7 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive", "limitation": "The numerical units are not named in this Greek passage; the translation preserves the quantities without supplying an unmarked currency. Plutarch explicitly attributes competing explanations, and his local Greek has irregular punctuation/capitalization retained without repair.", "role": "Surrounding narrative context; does not establish direct consultation by Handel, Haym or Bussani.", "rights": [ { "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License", "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" } ] } ] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-plutarch-caesar-49-1-3", "title": "Secret entry and a discovered conspiracy are restaged", "relationship": "transformation", "relevance": "Plutarch’s secret bedding-sack entry and subsequent conspiracy become Cleopatra’s sustained Lidia disguise and Curio’s warning. These scene-level correspondences change agents and devices; the source’s sack, barber, Pothinus, and fire are not silently equated with the opera’s cast and actions.", "ancient_focus": [ "ἡ μὲν εἰς στρωματόδεσμον ἐνδῦσα προτείνει μακρὰν ἑαυτήν", "συνῆκεν ἐπιβουλὴν Καίσαρι πραττομένην ὑπʼ Ἀχιλλᾶ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ καὶ Ποθεινοῦ τοῦ εὐνούχου." ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-21", "gc-comparison-25" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s07-u009", "title": "Cleopatra enters under the name Lidia", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "Concealment becomes a spoken identity and a request for justice, rather than entry in a bedding sack.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 7, "speaker": "CLEOPATRA", "it_quote": "Tra stuol di damigelle\nio servo a Cleopatra,\nLidia m'appello, e sotto il ciel d'Egitto\ndi nobil sangue nata;", "en_quote": "Among a company of maidens\nI serve Cleopatra.\nI am called Lydia, and beneath Egypt's sky\nI was born of noble blood;", "ancient_focus": "ἡ μὲν εἰς στρωματόδεσμον ἐνδῦσα προτείνει μακρὰν ἑαυτήν" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a2-s08-u009", "title": "Curio discovers the attack", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "Curio carries the warning on stage; Plutarch gives discovery to Caesar’s barber and names two conspirators absent or changed in the opera.", "scope": "scene", "act": 2, "scene": 8, "speaker": "CURIO", "it_quote": "Mentr'io ver le tue stanze,\nsignor', t'attendo, odo di genti e spade\nripercosso fragor, ed una voce\ngridar: «Cesare mora», ed improvviso\na te ne volo, ad arrecar l'avviso.", "en_quote": "As I wait for you, my lord,\non my way towards your chambers, I hear the resounding clash\nof men and swords, and a voice\ncrying, “Let Caesar die!” At once\nI fly to you to bring the warning.", "ancient_focus": "συνῆκεν ἐπιβουλὴν Καίσαρι πραττομένην ὑπʼ Ἀχιλλᾶ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ καὶ Ποθεινοῦ τοῦ εὐνούχου." } ], "context": { "summary": "The bedding-sack entry follows Caesar’s secret summons to Cleopatra, not an unprepared chance meeting. Plutarch joins her boldness and conversational charm to dynastic reconciliation, then immediately moves to the discovered plot and the dangerous war.", "before": { "locus": "48.3–5", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"48\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"48\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"48\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "90a5662394a8e562f0e3480e4dff7090e4e030605c9f60ee5c7ad39ada219769", "original_sha256": "05d3e1c533e9537d807957074d6a0bb41a8f535da293b0ba0b8fe6774e918fe3", "summary": "Plutarch supplies alternative causes of the war and describes Pothinus’ provocation over food, tableware, and a debt Caesar sought to collect. Caesar dismisses Pothinus’ advice and secretly summons Cleopatra from the country.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg048/tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "49.4–5", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"49\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"49\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "90a5662394a8e562f0e3480e4dff7090e4e030605c9f60ee5c7ad39ada219769", "original_sha256": "7f5de60d10ae09b29355129f51025afadbd4749343c3730ad59ec29e54553ef5", "summary": "The naval battle around Pharos forces Caesar to swim to safety. Plutarch then condenses the final battle, the king’s disappearance, Cleopatra’s rule and Caesarion’s birth, and Caesar’s departure for Syria.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg048/tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg048/tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-plutarch-caesar-49-4-5", "title": "The swim survives; the death and settlement change", "relationship": "transformation", "relevance": "The excerpt supplies three distinct comparisons: Caesar escapes by swimming, Ptolemy disappears after battle, and Cleopatra receives rule. The opera retains the swim but changes its setting, kills Ptolemy in Sextus’s duel, and crowns Cleopatra in a romantic finale.", "ancient_focus": [ "ῥίψας ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν ἀπενήξατο μόλις καὶ χαλεπῶς.", "αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ βασιλέως ἀφανοῦς γενομένου", "καταλιπὼν δὲ τὴν Κλεοπάτραν βασιλεύουσαν Αἰγύπτου" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-20", "gc-comparison-23" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s05-u012", "title": "Caesar says he swam to shore", "relationship": "correspondence", "explanation": "The physical escape survives, but the opera gives an attack at court rather than Plutarch’s Pharos battle.", "scope": "line", "act": 3, "scene": 5, "speaker": "CESARE", "it_quote": "Io fra l'onde nuotando al lido giunsi", "en_quote": "I reached the shore by swimming through the waves.", "ancient_focus": "ῥίψας ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν ἀπενήξατο μόλις καὶ χαλεπῶς." }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s09-u010", "title": "Sextus kills Ptolemy on stage", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The narrated disappearance in battle differs from a visible avenging duel.", "scope": "scene", "act": 3, "scene": 9, "speaker": "STAGE", "it_quote": "Si battono, e Tolomeo vien ferito, e cade morto in scena", "en_quote": "They fight; Ptolemy is wounded and falls dead on stage.", "ancient_focus": "αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ βασιλέως ἀφανοῦς γενομένου" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s10-u023", "title": "Caesar crowns Cleopatra", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "The settlement becomes a crowning scene; the excerpt’s Caesarion and departure to Syria are not staged.", "scope": "speech", "act": 3, "scene": 10, "speaker": "CESARE", "it_quote": "Bellissima Cleopatra,\nquel diadema che miri, a te s'aspetta;\nio te ne cingo il crine;\nRegina dell'Egitto\ndarai norma alle genti, e legge al trono.", "en_quote": "Most beautiful Cleopatra,\nthat crown you see belongs to you;\nI place it around your hair.\nAs queen of Egypt\nyou will give rule to the peoples and law to the throne.", "ancient_focus": "καταλιπὼν δὲ τὴν Κλεοπάτραν βασιλεύουσαν Αἰγύπτου" } ], "context": { "summary": "The swim is the third danger in Plutarch’s compact account of the Alexandrian war, after the water crisis and the fire at the fleet. The final sentence telescopes victory, the royal settlement, the birth of Caesarion, and departure; those events are not all staged or dated separately here.", "before": { "locus": "49.3", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"49\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "90a5662394a8e562f0e3480e4dff7090e4e030605c9f60ee5c7ad39ada219769", "original_sha256": "b6be95a9ac77680ae127d06b974c7e11afcf4bb1ad0754353b015442c3b00d59", "summary": "Achillas escapes to his army after Pothinus’ execution. Caesar is first threatened by interruption of the water supply and then by an attack on the fleet; Plutarch says the resulting fire spreads to the great library.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg048/tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "50.1–2", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"50\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"50\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "90a5662394a8e562f0e3480e4dff7090e4e030605c9f60ee5c7ad39ada219769", "original_sha256": "87ae98966c3eabf3ab6f5a8967e8d67fe28a63fc62d39e12d573b75a2a4467f0", "summary": "Caesar proceeds through Syria toward Asia, learns of Pharnaces’ victories, and defeats him near Zela. Plutarch connects ‘I came, I saw, I conquered’ with that later campaign.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg048/tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg048/tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-dio-42-5-7", "title": "Cornelia and Sextus escape rather than remain captive", "relationship": "contrast", "relevance": "Dio sends the surviving wife safely to Rome and Sextus to his brother in Africa. The opera’s conditional release and exclusive Egyptian revenge plot are the closest contrasts, not accounts supported by this excerpt.", "ancient_focus": [ "ἡ μὲν καὶ ἐς τὴν Ῥώμην μετὰ ταῦτα ἀδείας τυχοῦσα ἀνεσώθη", "ὁ δὲ δὴ Σέξτος ἐς τὴν Ἀφρικὴν πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν Γναῖον ἐκομίσθη" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-11", "gc-comparison-13", "gc-comparison-29" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s11-u003", "title": "Cornelia’s release is offered for marriage", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "Escape and safe return differ from a captor’s bargain for the marriage bed.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 11, "speaker": "ACHILLA", "it_quote": "e i talami concedi,\nsarà la madre in libertà col figlio.", "en_quote": "and grant the marriage bed,\nthe mother shall be free together with her son.", "ancient_focus": "ἡ μὲν καὶ ἐς τὴν Ῥώμην μετὰ ταῦτα ἀδείας τυχοῦσα ἀνεσώθη" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s08-u015", "title": "Sextus claims revenge for himself", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The opera keeps him near Cornelia and Ptolemy to complete the revenge that his journey to Africa removes from this Egyptian setting.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 8, "speaker": "SESTO", "it_quote": "Questa vendetta a Sesto sol si aspetta.", "en_quote": "This vengeance belongs to Sextus alone.", "ancient_focus": "ὁ δὲ δὴ Σέξτος ἐς τὴν Ἀφρικὴν πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν Γναῖον ἐκομίσθη" } ], "context": { "summary": "The escape of Pompey’s wife and son follows Dio’s account of Pompey’s death and reversal of fortune. It describes their departure and separate later destinations, furnishing a counterexample to the opera’s prolonged shared captivity in Egypt rather than a scene of mother-and-son confinement.", "before": { "locus": "42.5.4–6", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "67c4b8e92035d2aff74bf699f86a733bb61ea0d2ec30a517147042bf01a1e8cb", "summary": "Dio contrasts Pompey’s former pre-eminence with his death near Mount Casius, and links the place and anniversary of past triumphs to an ironic reversal of fortune and an oracle.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "42.6.1–3", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "3158eb7084e151f760d16d0be573ba9e0c50da3ddc9d0bd9e4f35b030a31ad0a", "summary": "The narrative turns to Caesar’s pursuit of Pompey through Asia and the Hellespont. Dio recounts Caesar’s encounter with Cassius’ fleet and his subsequent administration of the region.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [ { "locus": "42.5.1–6", "original": "τοιοῦτον μὲν τὸ τέλος τῷ Πομπηίῳ ἐκείνῳ τῷ μεγάλῳ ἐγένετο, ὥστε καὶ διὰ τούτου τήν τε ἀσθένειαν καὶ τὴν ἀτοπίαν τοῦ ἀνθρωπείου γένους\nἐλεγχθῆναι. προμηθείας τε γὰρ οὐδὲν ἐλλείπων, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ κακουργῆσαί τε δυνάμενον ἀσφαλέστατος ἀεί ποτε γενόμενος ἠπατήθη, καὶ νίκας πολλὰς μὲν ἐν τῇ Ἀφρικῇ πολλὰς δὲ καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ τῇ τε Εὐρώπῃ παραδόξους καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλασσαν ἐκ μειρακίου ἀνελόμενος ἡττήθη παραλόγως ὀκτώ τε καὶ\nπεντηκοντούτης ὤν, τήν τε θάλασσαν τὴν τῶν Ῥωμαίων πᾶσαν ἡμερώσας ἐν αὐτῇ ἐκείνῃ διώλετο, καὶ χιλίων ποτὲ νεῶν, ὡς ὁ λόγος ἔχει, ἄρξας ἐν πλοιαρίῳ τινί, πρός τε τῇ Αἰγύπτῳ καὶ πρὸς τοῦ Πτολεμαίου τρόπον τινὰ οὗ ποτε τὸν πατέρα ἔς τε ἐκείνην ἅμα καὶ ἐς τὴν βασιλείαν κατήγαγε,\nδιεφθάρη· ὃν γάρ τοι καὶ τότε ἔτι στρατιῶται Ῥωμαῖοι διὰ τὴν τοῦ Πομπηίου χάριν ὑπὸ τοῦ Γαβινίου, διὰ τὸ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ἐς τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ μῖσος, καταλειφθέντες ἐφρούρουν, οὗτος αὐτὸν διʼ αὐτῶν ἐκείνων ἑκατέρων ἀπεκτονέναι\nἔδοξε. Πομπήιος μὲν δὴ κράτιστος πρότερον Ῥωμαίων νομισθείς, ὥστε καὶ Ἀγαμέμνονα αὐτὸν ἐπικαλεῖσθαι, τότε καθάπερ τις καὶ αὐτῶν τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ἔσχατος, πρός τε τῷ Κασίῳ ὄρει καὶ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐν ᾗ ποτε τά τε τοῦ Μιθριδάτου καὶ τὰ τῶν καταποντιστῶν ἐπινίκια ἤγαγεν, ἐσφάγη,\nὥστε μηδὲν μηδὲ ἐν τούτῳ ὁμολογηθῆναι· ἔν τε γὰρ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ τὰ λαμπρότατα πρὶν πράξας τότε τὰ ἀλγεινότατα ἔπαθε, καὶ ἐς πάντας τοὺς πολίτας τοὺς Κασσίους ἐκ χρησμοῦ τινος ὑποπτεύων πρὸς μὲν ἀνδρὸς Κασσίου οὐδενὸς ἐπεβουλεύθη, παρὰ δὲ δὴ τῷ ὄρει τῷ τὴν ἐπίκλησιν ταύτην ἔχοντι καὶ ἀπέθανε καὶ ἐτάφη.", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]" ], "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2" }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "bee5b9c93a115c2bdfa6eda3dd0c2bee9a0310a7f1532a6b2f5ed3b64368fb45", "id": "ctx-dio-42-5-1-6", "title": "Before: Pompey’s reversal of fortune", "author": "Cassius Dio", "work": "Roman History", "language": "Greek", "translation": "Such was the end that came to that great Pompey, so that even through this the weakness and inconsistency of the human race were exposed. Although he lacked nothing in foresight, and had always made himself most secure against anyone capable of wrongdoing, he was deceived; although from his youth he had won many extraordinary victories in Africa, Asia and Europe, both on land and at sea, he was unexpectedly defeated when fifty-eight years old. Though he had made the whole Roman sea safe, he perished on that very sea; and though he had once commanded a thousand ships, as the account has it, he was destroyed in a little boat, beside Egypt and, in a sense, by Ptolemy, whose father he had once restored both to that country and to the throne. For Ptolemy was still being guarded at that time by Roman soldiers whom Gabinius had left there at Pompey’s request because of the Egyptians’ hatred of his father; this Ptolemy appeared to have killed Pompey through those very same Romans and Egyptians. Pompey, formerly considered the foremost of the Romans, so that they even called him Agamemnon, was then slaughtered like one of the very lowest Egyptians, near Mount Casius and on the day on which he had once celebrated his victories over Mithridates and the pirates. Thus there was no agreement even in this respect: on the very day on which he had previously achieved his most splendid deeds, he now suffered his most grievous fate; and although, because of an oracle, he suspected all citizens named Cassius, he was plotted against by no man named Cassius, but died and was buried beside the mountain bearing that name.", "translation_status": "New close English translation from the cited original, not copied from an existing translation.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "source_filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "source_id": "gc-a-src-dio", "edition": "Dio's Roman History Cassius Dio Cocceianus Earnest Cary London William Heinemann New York, NY G. P. Putnam's Sons 1914-1917 3-6 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive", "limitation": "Sections 42.5.1–6 form a connected argument; individual TEI sections split its sentences. Dio’s age, date and oracle framing differ from Plutarch’s account, and these literary connections do not independently establish the accuracy of either chronological tradition.", "role": "Surrounding narrative context; does not establish direct consultation by Handel, Haym or Bussani.", "rights": [ { "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License", "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" } ] } ] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-dio-42-8-1-3", "title": "Caesar’s tears have a hostile ancient interpretation", "relationship": "contrast", "relevance": "Dio narrates tears over the head and condemnation of the killers, then attacks those gestures as pretence serving sole power. The stage directions and aria correspond to the visible gestures; Dio’s hostile explanation supplies a competing interpretation, not proof that a performance must be ironic.", "ancient_focus": [ "τὴν τοῦ Πομπηίου κεφαλὴν ἰδὼν κατεδάκρυσε καὶ κατωλοφύρατο", "ποθεῖν τε αὐτὸν ἐπλάττετο καὶ ἀγανακτεῖν τῷ ὀλέθρῳ αὐτοῦ ἐσκήπτετο." ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-05", "gc-comparison-07" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s03-u015", "title": "Caesar weeps after seeing the head", "relationship": "correspondence", "explanation": "Here the ancient and stage occasions of the tears are closely aligned.", "scope": "line", "act": 1, "scene": 3, "speaker": "STAGE", "it_quote": "piange", "en_quote": "He weeps.", "ancient_focus": "τὴν τοῦ Πομπηίου κεφαλὴν ἰδὼν κατεδάκρυσε καὶ κατωλοφύρατο" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s03-u027", "title": "Caesar denounces cruelty", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "Dio’s judgment questions the narrated sincerity of mourning and indignation; the aria itself does not express that judgment.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 3, "speaker": "CESARE", "it_quote": "Empio, dirò, tu sei,\ntogliti a gli occhi miei,\nsei tutto crudeltà.\nNon è da re quel cuor,\nche donasi al rigor,\nche in sen non ha pietà.", "en_quote": "Wicked is what I shall call you;\nremove yourself from my sight:\nyou are all cruelty.\nThat heart is not fit for a king\nwhich gives itself to harshness\nand has no pity within it.", "ancient_focus": "ποθεῖν τε αὐτὸν ἐπλάττετο καὶ ἀγανακτεῖν τῷ ὀλέθρῳ αὐτοῦ ἐσκήπτετο." } ], "context": { "summary": "Dio sets Caesar’s public mourning against his own hostile interpretation of Caesar’s ambition. This is the historian’s judgment about sincerity, not access to Caesar’s inward thoughts or an uncontested explanation of the tears.", "before": { "locus": "42.7.1–3", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"7\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"7\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"7\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "7903d38f1f8cbafca9681dddb4d5f20c1bbfe610fdf84ad79c75dc18eefdd873", "summary": "Caesar hastens toward Egypt on learning Pompey’s destination. Pompey’s head and ring arrive before Caesar lands; anger at his lictors and the disarming of some of his soldiers show that the Alexandrian welcome is unstable.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "42.9.1–2", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"9\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"9\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "3005eed2a5107d5c3a077fc408935d6eb10166b1b7d6945ec3c014a9f1a48c5f", "summary": "Dio says Caesar stays in Egypt collecting money and adjudicating the siblings’ dispute, while other wars develop. The narrative then turns toward the wider conflicts before returning to the Egyptian episode.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-dio-42-40-1", "title": "A command-struggle execution becomes Achillas’s wounded death", "relationship": "contrast", "relevance": "Dio makes Ganymedes persuade Arsinoe to kill Achillas and then assume command. The opera removes those actors and gives Achillas a death after switching sides and providing the seal for rescue; the altered cause must not erase the disagreement with Plutarch’s account.", "ancient_focus": [ "αὐτὴν ὁ Γανυμήδης ἔπεισε τὸν Ἀχιλλᾶν ὡς καὶ τὸ ναυτικὸν προδώσοντα ἀποκτεῖναι.", "τήν τε ἡγεμονίαν τῶν στρατιωτῶν παρέλαβε" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-17", "gc-comparison-25" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s04-u034", "title": "Achillas passes the seal and dies", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The death direction completes a rescuing gift, rather than a killing ordered through Arsinoe and Ganymedes.", "scope": "scene", "act": 3, "scene": 4, "speaker": "STAGE", "it_quote": "dà il sigillo a Sesto e spira", "en_quote": "He gives the seal to Sextus and dies.", "ancient_focus": "αὐτὴν ὁ Γανυμήδης ἔπεισε τὸν Ἀχιλλᾶν ὡς καὶ τὸ ναυτικὸν προδώσοντα ἀποκτεῖναι." }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s01-u004", "title": "Achillas offers allegiance to Cleopatra", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The stage transfer of allegiance has a different agent and cause from Ganymedes’s takeover after Achillas’s death.", "scope": "speech", "act": 3, "scene": 1, "speaker": "ACHILLA", "it_quote": "prodi campioni, e a Cleopatra avanti\noffriam le nostre insegne, offriamle il core,", "en_quote": "brave champions: let us offer Cleopatra\nour standards, let us offer her our hearts,", "ancient_focus": "τήν τε ἡγεμονίαν τῶν στρατιωτῶν παρέλαβε" } ], "context": { "summary": "Achillas’ death occurs in a struggle inside Arsinoe’s faction, and Ganymedes succeeds to command. The excerpt stops inside the sentence about his gathering ships; the complete surrounding chapter carries the story through naval attacks and Caesar’s escape by swimming.", "before": { "locus": "42.39.3–4", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"39\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"39\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "af7d5db7a0e9f5ec8be38dcd1a3b441687c7bbb887cb8136345627247b7050e6", "summary": "Caesar has Ptolemy speak publicly in favour of peace and promises a settlement. The Egyptians suspect that Caesar has engineered the speech and refuse to give way.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "42.40.2–6", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"40\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"40\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"40\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"40\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"40\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "085c69f7ccd26c9eca35584cc023decad9f37efcb1362906cdc45bc0f2f7f740", "summary": "Ganymedes gathers and builds ships, attacks Roman transports and clears the harbour entrance. Caesar counterattacks at Pharos; Egyptian reinforcements drive the Romans into their ships, leading to Caesar’s swim.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [ { "locus": "42.40.1–6", "original": "προϊόντος δὲ τοῦ χρόνου στάσις τοῖς περὶ τὴν Ἀρσινόην οὖσιν ἐνέπεσε, καὶ αὐτὴν ὁ Γανυμήδης ἔπεισε τὸν Ἀχιλλᾶν ὡς καὶ τὸ ναυτικὸν προδώσοντα ἀποκτεῖναι. γενομένου δὲ τούτου τήν τε ἡγεμονίαν τῶν στρατιωτῶν παρέλαβε, καὶ τὰ πλοῖα ὅσα ἐν τῷ ποταμῷ καὶ ἐν τῇ λίμνῃ\nἦν συνήγαγεν, ἄλλα τε προσκατεσκεύασε, καὶ πάντα αὐτὰ ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν διὰ τῶν διωρύχων κομίσας τοῖς τε Ῥωμαίοις μὴ προσδεχομένοις προσέβαλε, καὶ τὰς μὲν κατέπρησε τῶν ὁλκάδων αὐτῶν τὰς δὲ ἀνεδήσατο, καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο τόν τε ἔσπλουν τοῦ λιμένος ἐξεκάθηρε, κἀνταῦθα\nναυλοχῶν πολλά σφας ἐλύπει. τηρήσας οὖν ποτε αὐτοὺς ὁ Καῖσαρ ἀμελῶς ὑπὸ τοῦ κρατεῖν ἔχοντας ἔς τε τὸν λιμένα αἰφνιδίως ἐπεσέπλευσε, καὶ συχνὰ πλοῖα καύσας ἔς τε τὴν Φάρον ἀπέβη καὶ τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας ἐν αὐτῇ ἐφόνευσεν. ἰδόντες δὲ τοῦτο οἱ ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ Αἰγύπτιοι κατά τε τὰς γεφύρας ἐπεβοήθησαν αὐτοῖς, καὶ συχνοὺς τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἀνταποκτείναντες τοὺς λοιποὺς\nἐς τὰς ναῦς ἐσήραξαν. καὶ αὐτῶν ὁπουδήποτε καὶ ἀθρόως ἐσβιαζομένων ἐς αὐτὰς ἄλλοι τε πολλοὶ ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν ἐξέπεσον καὶ ὁ Καῖσαρ. κἂν διέφθαρτο κακῶς, ὑπό τε τῶν ἱματίων βαρυνόμενος καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων βαλλόμενος (ἁλουργῶν γὰρ αὐτῶν ὄντων ἐστοχάζοντὀ, εἰ μὴ καὶ ἐκεῖνα ἀπερρίφει καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο διανεύσας\nπῃ ἐς ἀκάτιον ἐσεβεβήκει. καὶ ὁ μὲν οὕτως ἐσώθη, μηδὲν τῶν γραμμάτων βρέξας ἃ πολλὰ ἐν τῇ ἀριστερᾷ χειρὶ ἀνέχων ἐνήξατο· τὴν δὲ δὴ ἐσθῆτα αὐτοῦ οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι λαβόντες πρὸς τὸ τρόπαιον, ὃ ἔστησαν τῆς τροπῆς ταύτης, ἀνεκρέμασαν ὡς καὶ αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνον ᾑρηκότες. καὶ ἤδη γὰρ καὶ τὰ στρατεύματα ἃ ἀπὸ τῆς Συρίας μετεπέπεμπτο ἐπλησίασε, τάς τε κατάρσεις ἐτήρουν\nκαὶ πολλὰ αὐτοὺς ἔβλαπτον. τοῖς μὲν γὰρ πρὸς τὴν Λιβύην σφῶν προσπίπτουσιν ὁ Καῖσαρ τρόπον τινὰ ἤμυνε· συχνοὺς δὲ δὴ περὶ τὰς τοῦ Νείλου ἐκβολὰς πυρσοῖς ὡς καὶ Ῥωμαῖοι ὄντες ἠπάτων τε καὶ συνελάμβανον, ὥστε τοὺς λοιποὺς μηκέτι τολμᾶν παρακομίζεσθαι, μέχρις οὗ Τιβέριος Κλαύδιος Νέρων ἐς αὐτὸν τότε τὸν ποταμὸν ἀναπλεύσας ἐκείνους τε μάχῃ ἐκράτησε καὶ τοῖς σφετέροις ἀδεέστερον τὸν πρόσπλουν ἐποίησε.", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"40\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"40\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"40\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"40\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"40\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"40\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]" ], "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2" }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "27619a9228c146c743c9d13191da6415413cb9fa1d5e07dd0c35896e1c7a2dac", "id": "ctx-dio-42-40-1-6", "title": "Full context: command, naval war and the swim", "author": "Cassius Dio", "work": "Roman History", "language": "Greek", "translation": "As time passed, factional conflict broke out among those around Arsinoe, and Ganymedes persuaded her to kill Achillas on the grounds that he would betray the fleet too. When this had been done, Ganymedes took over command of the soldiers, gathered the ships that were in the river and the lake, built additional ones, and brought them all through the canals into the sea. He attacked the Romans when they did not expect it, burned some of their transports and took possession of others; afterwards he cleared the entrance to the harbour and, keeping his fleet stationed there, caused them much trouble. Caesar, watching for a time when their success made them careless, suddenly sailed into the harbour, burned a considerable number of ships, landed on Pharos, and killed the people living there. Seeing this, the Egyptians on the mainland hurried across the bridges to help them, killed many Romans in return, and drove the rest into their ships. As the Romans forced their way aboard wherever they could and all together, many others fell into the sea, and so did Caesar. He would have perished miserably, weighed down by his clothing and shot at by the Egyptians—for his purple clothing made him a target—if he had not thrown it off and afterwards swum to a small boat somewhere and boarded it. Thus he escaped, without wetting any of the many documents which he held aloft in his left hand as he swam. The Egyptians took his clothing and hung it on the trophy they erected for this rout, as though they had captured Caesar himself. By now the troops summoned from Syria were also approaching; the Egyptians watched the landing places and caused them much harm. Caesar in some fashion protected those reaching the coast toward Libya, but around the mouths of the Nile the Egyptians deceived many with beacon fires, pretending to be Romans, and captured them. The rest consequently no longer dared to sail in until Tiberius Claudius Nero sailed up the river itself, defeated the Egyptians in battle, and made the approach safer for his own side.", "translation_status": "New close English translation from the cited original, not copied from an existing translation.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "source_filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "source_id": "gc-a-src-dio", "edition": "Dio's Roman History Cassius Dio Cocceianus Earnest Cary London William Heinemann New York, NY G. P. Putnam's Sons 1914-1917 3-6 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive", "limitation": "This separately labelled whole-chapter window overlaps the original 42.40.1 quotation in order to keep its interrupted sentence and the following naval sequence readable. Local TEI conversion and punctuation defects are retained in the Greek; no source wording is silently repaired.", "role": "Surrounding narrative context; does not establish direct consultation by Handel, Haym or Bussani.", "rights": [ { "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License", "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" } ] } ] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-dio-42-43-4", "title": "Ptolemy’s death moves from the river to Sextus’s duel", "relationship": "contrast", "relevance": "Dio places Ptolemy among those who perish in the river while fleeing the defeated army. The opera instead has Sextus wound and kill him on stage, bringing political victory and filial revenge into one action.", "ancient_focus": [ "καί τινες καὶ ἐν τῷ ποταμῷ μετὰ τοῦ Πτολεμαίου, σπουδῇ διʼ αὐτοῦ φυγόντες, ἐφθάρησαν." ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-20" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s09-u010", "title": "Sextus and Ptolemy fight", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The visible duel is the exact action to compare with the narrated river death.", "scope": "scene", "act": 3, "scene": 9, "speaker": "STAGE", "it_quote": "Si battono, e Tolomeo vien ferito, e cade morto in scena", "en_quote": "They fight; Ptolemy is wounded and falls dead on stage.", "ancient_focus": "καί τινες καὶ ἐν τῷ ποταμῷ μετὰ τοῦ Πτολεμαίου, σπουδῇ διʼ αὐτοῦ φυγόντες, ἐφθάρησαν." } ], "context": { "summary": "The final battle follows Caesar’s manoeuvre to help Mithridates’ relieving force and surprise the Egyptians. The excerpt begins by completing the preceding sentence about their alarm; Ptolemy dies in the flight across the river, and the following chapter describes the royal settlement.", "before": { "locus": "42.43.1–3", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"43\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"43\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"43\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "53fea147a51015f65598b206d6cb25db2b3fcc75dd8d818126c501401ad404a1", "summary": "After Ptolemy is released, the Egyptians renew the war and attack Mithridates. Caesar conceals his route, lands near the Libyan peninsula, circles the lake, and surprises them toward dawn; their alarm leads into the request for terms.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "42.44", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"44\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "775a922e2f6dc9577f370a26422730f55eeff54037b8e535cc79b2feb7c36768", "summary": "Caesar leaves Egypt outside direct Roman subjection and grants nominal joint kingship to Cleopatra and her younger brother. Dio distinguishes that formal arrangement from Cleopatra’s effective power.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-dio-42-44", "title": "Cleopatra’s settlement: kingship, tribute, and freedom", "relationship": "transformation", "relevance": "Dio says Egypt was not made Roman subject territory and gives nominal joint kingship to Cleopatra and her younger brother. The opera omits that brother, crowns Cleopatra alone, and pairs her tributary declaration with “former freedom”; these are distinct political formulations, not interchangeable constitutional facts.", "ancient_focus": [ "οὐ μέντοι καὶ ὑπήκοον αὐτὴν τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐποιήσατο", "τὴν βασιλείαν ἀμφοτέροις σφίσιν, ὥς γε καὶ λόγῳ εἰπεῖν, ἔδωκε", "τῷ γὰρ ἔργῳ ἡ Κλεοπάτρα μόνη πᾶν τὸ κράτος σχήσειν ἔμελλεν" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-24", "gc-comparison-29" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s10-u024", "title": "Cleopatra calls herself tributary", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "Her declaration sits uneasily beside a narrative expressly denying that Egypt became Roman subject territory.", "scope": "speech", "act": 3, "scene": 10, "speaker": "CLEOPATRA", "it_quote": "Cesare, questo regno è sol tuo dono,\ntributaria regina\nImperator t'adorerò di Roma.", "en_quote": "Caesar, this kingdom is your gift alone;\nas a tributary queen\nI shall revere you as emperor of Rome.", "ancient_focus": "οὐ μέντοι καὶ ὑπήκοον αὐτὴν τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐποιήσατο" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s10-u023", "title": "Caesar crowns Cleopatra alone", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "The scene simplifies Dio’s nominal joint rule and effective sole power into a public gift to one queen.", "scope": "speech", "act": 3, "scene": 10, "speaker": "CESARE", "it_quote": "Bellissima Cleopatra,\nquel diadema che miri, a te s'aspetta;\nio te ne cingo il crine;\nRegina dell'Egitto\ndarai norma alle genti, e legge al trono.", "en_quote": "Most beautiful Cleopatra,\nthat crown you see belongs to you;\nI place it around your hair.\nAs queen of Egypt\nyou will give rule to the peoples and law to the throne.", "ancient_focus": "τὴν βασιλείαν ἀμφοτέροις σφίσιν, ὥς γε καὶ λόγῳ εἰπεῖν, ἔδωκε" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s10-u032", "title": "Caesar promises Egypt’s former freedom", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "The celebrated freedom is part of the drama’s settlement language, to be compared with Dio’s differentiated account of real power.", "scope": "speech", "act": 3, "scene": 10, "speaker": "CESARE", "it_quote": "Goda pur or l'Egitto\nin più tranquillo stato\nla prima libertà. Cesare brama,\ndall'uno all'altro polo\nch'il gran nome roman spanda la fama.", "en_quote": "Let Egypt now enjoy\nits former freedom\nin a more peaceful state. Caesar desires\nthat Fame spread the great Roman name\nfrom one pole to the other.", "ancient_focus": "τῷ γὰρ ἔργῳ ἡ Κλεοπάτρα μόνη πᾶν τὸ κράτος σχήσειν ἔμελλεν" } ], "context": { "summary": "This chapter explains the settlement after the defeat and death of Ptolemy XIII, rather than merely announcing Cleopatra’s victory. Dio distinguishes nominal joint rule with another, younger brother from his interpretation that Cleopatra alone held effective power through Caesar’s favour.", "before": { "locus": "42.43.4", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"43\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "284c8f2e08778e5f855d3b1a2bc5e1a04c1769ca8575cf15cc90a0196be57ccb", "summary": "Caesar rejects the Egyptians’ appeal for terms, wins a sharp battle, and kills many. Some flee through the river and perish there with Ptolemy.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "42.45.1–3", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"45\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"45\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"45\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "38381f5938ae11d7f4a8c78578357ec6220dfa63b2400c39345365ead4f94c28", "summary": "Dio says Pharnaces’ revolt draws Caesar away from Egypt and delays his return to Italy. The narrative proceeds to Pharnaces’ conquests while Rome’s commanders are occupied elsewhere.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-appian-bc-5-69", "title": "Mucia supplies a later control on Sextus’s maternity", "relationship": "later-biographical-context", "relevance": "Appian’s later setting names Mucia as Sextus Pompey’s mother; it is a genealogical control on the opera’s explicit “son of Cornelia and Pompey.” This is not another account of the Egyptian scene, and the “Caesar” in Appian’s later episode is Octavian.", "ancient_focus": [ "Μουκίαν, τὴν μητέρα τοῦ Πομπηίου" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-10" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s10-u015", "title": "Sextus names Cornelia as his mother", "relationship": "later-biographical-context", "explanation": "The wording makes the dramatic maternal relation explicit; Appian’s Mucia is evidence for distinguishing historical genealogy from that role.", "scope": "biographical-control", "act": 3, "scene": 10, "speaker": "SESTO", "it_quote": "Signor, ecco a' tuoi piedi\ne di Cornelia e di Pompeo il figlio;", "en_quote": "My lord, here at your feet\nis the son of Cornelia and Pompey.", "ancient_focus": "Μουκίαν, τὴν μητέρα τοῦ Πομπηίου" } ], "context": { "summary": "This belongs to Sextus Pompey’s later struggle against Antony and Octavian, long after Julius Caesar’s Egyptian campaign. ‘Caesar’ here is Octavian and ‘Pompey’ is Sextus; Mucia is Sextus’ mother, so the passage supplies a family-identity control rather than a parallel scene in 48/47 BCE.", "before": { "locus": "5.68", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]//t:div[@subtype=\"section\"][@n=\"68\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "df731e36850fd93ccbe8b34cd47967a67287336593acc4144b9226b35bd7c8e6", "original_sha256": "8f0384b4558658c77130de3a289bb11e203c2521912098156415011bfc284efc", "summary": "Hunger and popular unrest lead to attacks on Octavian and Antony; soldiers kill members of the crowd, and Antony helps Octavian reach safety. The violence subsides, but the shortage of food continues.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0551/tlg017/tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "5.70", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]//t:div[@subtype=\"section\"][@n=\"70\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "df731e36850fd93ccbe8b34cd47967a67287336593acc4144b9226b35bd7c8e6", "original_sha256": "dfc77a9b585898cdaece4c765bf7fa546a0a860dcf3fcfd40c262c30ee0a5c73", "summary": "Most associates favour peace with Sextus, while Menodorus recommends prolonging the pressure created by famine. Sextus’ conflict with Murcus leads to Murcus’ murder, which Appian condemns.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0551/tlg017/tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0551/tlg017/tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-appian-bc-5-144", "title": "The victorious avenger is not Sextus’s full biography", "relationship": "later-biographical-context", "relevance": "Appian narrates the adult Sextus’s much later capture and execution, with disputed responsibility. This supplies the horizon beyond the opera’s victorious avenger, not a rival account of its Egyptian climax or proof that the scene derives from Appian.", "ancient_focus": [ "αὐτὸν δὲ Πομπήιον, τεσσαρακοστὸν ἔτος βιοῦντα, ἐν Μιλήτῳ κατέκανεν" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-13", "gc-comparison-30" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s09-u013", "title": "Sextus announces victory for his father", "relationship": "later-biographical-context", "explanation": "The triumphant stage closure stops far short of the historical figure’s later career and violent end; Appian’s age statement is not a verified birth date.", "scope": "biographical-control", "act": 3, "scene": 9, "speaker": "SESTO", "it_quote": "Giace il tiranno estinto;\nor padre sì, tu benché vinto, hai vinto.", "en_quote": "The tyrant lies dead;\nnow, father, yes: though defeated, you have won.", "ancient_focus": "αὐτὸν δὲ Πομπήιον, τεσσαρακοστὸν ἔτος βιοῦντα, ἐν Μιλήτῳ κατέκανεν" } ], "context": { "summary": "Appian has reached Sextus Pompey’s capture and death in his later eastern campaign. He records alternatives about who ordered the killing and gives an age statement; these are attributed reports and disputed chronological evidence, not a description of the adolescent Sesto’s Egyptian revenge in the opera.", "before": { "locus": "5.143", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]//t:div[@subtype=\"section\"][@n=\"143\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "df731e36850fd93ccbe8b34cd47967a67287336593acc4144b9226b35bd7c8e6", "original_sha256": "57d46d897fb4ed10ae59e70b86a01653f5b2acb1866913475717f77ac819f672", "summary": "Appian explicitly identifies Sextus as Pompey Magnus’ surviving son and surveys his activity after his father’s and brother’s deaths, including his later war after Gaius Caesar, sea power, protection of the proscribed, and lost opportunities.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0551/tlg017/tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "5.145", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]//t:div[@subtype=\"section\"][@n=\"145\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "df731e36850fd93ccbe8b34cd47967a67287336593acc4144b9226b35bd7c8e6", "original_sha256": "25aa34c9f4014b7ab93419cbc9551785385e16d6573657330d56882206d9ef57", "summary": "With Sextus dead, Antony campaigns in Armenia and Octavian in Illyria. Appian explains that his Illyrian narrative is placed elsewhere because of its subject and relation to Macedonia.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0551/tlg017/tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0551/tlg017/tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [ { "locus": "5.143", "original": "οὕτω μὲν ἑάλω Πομπήιος Σέξστος, ὁ λοιπὸς ἔτι παῖς Πομπηίου Μάγνου, νεώτερος μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀπολειφθεὶς καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ μειράκιον ἤδη, λαθὼν δʼ ἐπʼ ἐκείνοις ἐς πολὺ καὶ κρύφα λῃστεύων ἐν Ἰβηρίᾳ, μέχρι, πολλῶν συνδραμόντων ἐς αὐτὸν ἐπιγνωσθέντα εἶναι Πομπηίου παῖδα, ἐλῄστευέ τε φανερώτερον, καὶ μετὰ Γάιον Καίσαρα ἐπολέμησεν ἐγκρατῶς καὶ στρατὸν ἤγειρε πολὺν καὶ ναῦς καὶ χρήματα, καὶ νήσους εἷλε, καὶ θαλασσοκράτωρ τῆς ἀμφὶ τὰς δύσεις θαλάσσης ἐγένετο, καὶ τὴν Ἰταλίαν περιήνεγκεν ἐς λιμὸν καὶ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἐς συμβάσεις, ἃς ἤθελε. τὸ δὲ μέγιστον, ἐπίκουρος ἐν ταῖς προγραφαῖς τῇ πόλει πανώλεθρα πασχούσῃ γενόμενος περιέσωσεν ἄνδρας ἀρίστους τε καὶ πολλούς, οἳ τότε διʼ αὐτὸν ἦσαν ἐν τῇ πατρίδι. ὑπὸ δὲ θεοβλαβείας αὐτὸς οὔ ποτε ἐπεχείρησε τοῖς πολεμίοις, πολλὰ τῆς τύχης εὔκαιρα παρεχούσης, ἀλλʼ ἠμύνετο μόνον.", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]//t:div[@subtype=\"section\"][@n=\"143\"]" ], "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2" }, "source_sha256": "df731e36850fd93ccbe8b34cd47967a67287336593acc4144b9226b35bd7c8e6", "original_sha256": "57d46d897fb4ed10ae59e70b86a01653f5b2acb1866913475717f77ac819f672", "id": "ctx-appian-bc-5-143", "title": "Before: Appian identifies the later Sextus", "author": "Appian", "work": "Civil Wars", "language": "Greek", "translation": "Thus Sextus Pompey was captured, the still surviving son of Pompey Magnus. He had been left behind by his father when younger, and by his brother when already a youth; after their deaths he remained unnoticed for a long time and practised brigandage secretly in Iberia, until many flocked to him on recognizing him as Pompey’s son. He then practised it more openly and, after Gaius Caesar, waged war vigorously, raised a large army, ships and money, captured islands, became master of the western sea, and reduced Italy to famine and his enemies to agreements on his own terms. Most importantly, when the city suffered utter disaster in the proscriptions, he came to its aid and saved very many excellent men who were then in their native land because of him. But through heaven-sent blindness he himself never attacked his enemies, although fortune presented many opportunities, and only defended himself.", "translation_status": "New close English translation from the cited original, not copied from an existing translation.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0551/tlg017/tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml", "source_filename": "tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml", "source_id": "gc-a-src-appian", "edition": "Appian of Alexandria Appiani Historia Romana Ludwig Mendelssohn Leipzig Teubner 1881 2 HathiTrust", "limitation": "Appian’s own ‘brigandage’ and ‘heaven-sent blindness’ are retained as judgments of the historian. This is the later adult Sextus, after Gaius Caesar’s death, not a continuous account of the Egyptian episode.", "role": "Surrounding narrative context; does not establish direct consultation by Handel, Haym or Bussani.", "rights": [ { "text": "Ancient text and printed edition are public domain by age; no explicit licence declaration found in this TEI header. Repository attribution retained." } ] } ] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-suetonius-julius-64", "title": "Caesar’s swim is retained without the documents and cloak", "relationship": "transformation", "relevance": "Suetonius narrates escape from a bridge attack, a swim to a ship, and preservation of documents and cloak. The opera states the swim to shore and describes a leap from a high balcony during an attack at court; the common feat does not preserve its setting or every detail.", "ancient_focus": [ "nando per ducentos passus euasit ad proximam nauem", "Alexandriae circa oppugnationem pontis" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-23" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s05-u012", "title": "Caesar tells how he reached shore", "relationship": "correspondence", "explanation": "The swim is the closest surviving physical action; Suetonius’s destination is a nearby ship.", "scope": "line", "act": 3, "scene": 5, "speaker": "CESARE", "it_quote": "Io fra l'onde nuotando al lido giunsi", "en_quote": "I reached the shore by swimming through the waves.", "ancient_focus": "nando per ducentos passus euasit ad proximam nauem" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a2-s10-u011", "title": "Achillas reports a leap from a balcony", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The report relocates the danger and wrongly concludes that Caesar is dead.", "scope": "speech", "act": 2, "scene": 10, "speaker": "ACHILLA", "it_quote": "fugge con Curio, e da balcon sublime\nsi scaglia d'improvviso in mezzo al porto,", "en_quote": "He flees with Curio, and from a lofty balcony\nsuddenly throws himself into the harbour;", "ancient_focus": "Alexandriae circa oppugnationem pontis" } ], "context": { "summary": "The swim appears among examples of Caesar’s courage and composure, rather than in a continuous history of the Egyptian war. The arrangement explains why the incident is detailed but its wider campaign setting is brief.", "before": { "locus": "63", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"63\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "fa3f094d13f07f591d56a7f088e835a608f2921d2fe72c373f080337bf53fc5f", "original_sha256": "5e72f56dc0012c5c93e819e3d8b004ee469cd827468f763a8b13113ff1c688ba", "summary": "Suetonius illustrates Caesar’s steadiness with the encounter in the Hellespont: Caesar approaches Cassius’ hostile fleet and receives its surrender.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "65", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"65\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "fa3f094d13f07f591d56a7f088e835a608f2921d2fe72c373f080337bf53fc5f", "original_sha256": "f616404d5e6c1ab7654e95c6e54fac2ce4b5b1001830795ce312e19610628b87", "summary": "The biography turns from particular displays of courage to Caesar’s treatment and discipline of soldiers. Selection by physical strength and alternating severity with indulgence become the new topic.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-suetonius-julius-54", "title": "Financial accusations qualify the royal gift", "relationship": "contrast", "relevance": "There is no close Egyptian-episode counterpart to Suetonius’s catalogue of financial accusations. Cleopatra’s final language of kingdom-as-gift and tribute offers a broad contextual contrast with the charge that Caesar sold kingdoms and exacted money from a Ptolemy; it is not the same transaction and supplies no evidence of direct borrowing.", "ancient_focus": [ "societates ac regna pretio dedit, ut qui uni Ptolemaeo prope sex milia talentorum suo Pompeique nomine abstulerit." ], "comparison_ids": [], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s10-u024", "title": "Cleopatra accepts Caesar’s gift and tribute", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "Read as a broad control on the beneficent gift language, not as a match to the exact Egyptian settlement or independent verification of all Suetonius’s accusations.", "scope": "biographical-control", "act": 3, "scene": 10, "speaker": "CLEOPATRA", "it_quote": "Cesare, questo regno è sol tuo dono,\ntributaria regina\nImperator t'adorerò di Roma.", "en_quote": "Caesar, this kingdom is your gift alone;\nas a tributary queen\nI shall revere you as emperor of Rome.", "ancient_focus": "societates ac regna pretio dedit, ut qui uni Ptolemaeo prope sex milia talentorum suo Pompeique nomine abstulerit." } ], "context": { "summary": "Suetonius gathers accusations about Caesar’s money-making and plunder across several commands and offices. The Ptolemy payment belongs to an earlier royal alliance involving Caesar and Pompey; this mixed chronological catalogue is not a report that Ptolemy XIII paid that sum during the Egyptian war.", "before": { "locus": "53", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"53\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "fa3f094d13f07f591d56a7f088e835a608f2921d2fe72c373f080337bf53fc5f", "original_sha256": "af83ab9e359f4f4d9ceb76cbc34943bbef42b6e432f1db46c565d6ea3484fb95", "summary": "The preceding chapter describes Caesar’s restraint in drinking and indifference about food, while citing Cato’s hostile comment about his sober attack on the republic.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "55", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"55\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "fa3f094d13f07f591d56a7f088e835a608f2921d2fe72c373f080337bf53fc5f", "original_sha256": "8751132d786527646342f84f78b52651b11a408f59b9df397edf3dd59fac0e6f", "summary": "Suetonius moves to Caesar’s distinction in eloquence and warfare, cites Cicero’s praise, and discusses disputed attributions of speeches. The biography is organized by topics rather than a campaign-by-campaign chronology.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-lucan-8-618-636", "title": "Epic murder and witnessed grief are redistributed", "relationship": "non-exclusive-parallel", "relevance": "Lucan’s epic gives Achillas the piercing blade and makes Pompey think about wife and son witnessing his death. The opera retains Achillas’s responsibility and the grieving household but stages the discovery of the head; Lucan is a comparative parallel, not an established source of the dialogue.", "ancient_focus": [ "At postquam mucrone latus funestus Achillas\nPerfodit", "Videt hanc Cornelia caedem,\nPompeiusque meus." ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-15", "gc-comparison-28" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s04-u023", "title": "Achillas confesses involvement", "relationship": "non-exclusive-parallel", "explanation": "The epic assigns the physical blow, whereas the operatic confession names counsel.", "scope": "line", "act": 3, "scene": 4, "speaker": "ACHILLA", "it_quote": "che consigliò di Pompeo la morte....", "en_quote": "who advised Pompey's death…", "ancient_focus": "At postquam mucrone latus funestus Achillas\nPerfodit" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s03-u010", "title": "Cornelia mourns the displayed head", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "The bereaved wife is present, but the stage substitutes a head scene for witnessing the murder itself.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 3, "speaker": "CORNELIA", "it_quote": "Ahi lassa!\nConsorte! Mio tesoro!", "en_quote": "Alas, unhappy me!\nHusband! My treasure!", "ancient_focus": "Videt hanc Cornelia caedem,\nPompeiusque meus." } ], "context": { "summary": "Lucan imagines Pompey’s inward resolve while the murder takes place before Cornelia and his son. The speech concerns fame, dignified death, and the spectators’ love; it is poetic characterization and is immediately counterpointed by Cornelia’s vocal grief.", "before": { "locus": "8.610–617", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"610\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"611\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"612\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"613\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"614\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"615\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"616\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"617\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "bf46886669ee04025554786901a665846e05f3dab8d2b6e64468995b18330e27", "original_sha256": "b895089623718e081d446d4bb8db840444d95b57df214372fc2e3d334eff97ba", "summary": "As the royal murderers draw their swords, Pompey covers his face, closes his eyes, and restrains his breath so that tears or cries will not diminish his lasting fame.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0917/phi001/phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "8.637–650", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"637\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"638\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"639\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"640\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"641\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"642\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"643\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"644\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"645\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"646\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"647\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"648\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"649\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"650\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "bf46886669ee04025554786901a665846e05f3dab8d2b6e64468995b18330e27", "original_sha256": "8f3a3b232bff739bbf5d3e200a5b69fc186ca780741db7dec5498b9c2d7e5042", "summary": "Cornelia cries that she herself has destroyed her husband, blames the delay at Lesbos, and addresses the killer. Her lament continues beyond the quoted lines, shifting the focus from Pompey’s self-control to the wife’s distress.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0917/phi001/phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0917/phi001/phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-lucan-10-53-75", "title": "Hostile epic seduction and the opera’s rewarding romance", "relationship": "contrast", "relevance": "Lucan condemns Cleopatra’s erotic power as a danger to Rome and folds later conflicts into his Egyptian episode. Cleopatra’s planned gaze and the final love duet offer a close thematic contrast in evaluation, not proof that the opera directly rewrites these lines.", "ancient_focus": [ "Caesare captivo Pharios ductura triumphos", "Dedecus Aegypti, Latii feralis Erinnys,\nRomano non casta malo." ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-28" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s05-u020", "title": "Cleopatra plans to bind Caesar with a glance", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "Both imagine her erotic influence over Caesar, but the stage plan becomes a successful political courtship rather than the epic’s hostile fantasy of Egyptian victory.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 5, "speaker": "CLEOPATRA", "it_quote": "Non paventar; col guardo\nmeglio ch'egli non fece\ncol capo di Pompeo,\nCesare obbligherò;\ninvan aspira al trono,\negli è il germano, e la regina io sono.", "en_quote": "Do not fear: with a glance,\nbetter than he has done\nwith Pompey's head,\nI shall bind Caesar to me.\nHe aspires to the throne in vain:\nhe is the brother, and I am the queen.", "ancient_focus": "Caesare captivo Pharios ductura triumphos" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s10-u030", "title": "Caesar and Cleopatra sing mutual love", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The rewarded romantic pair contrasts with Lucan’s condemnatory framing; a common seduction motif is insufficient to prove dependence.", "scope": "speech", "act": 3, "scene": 10, "speaker": "CLEOPATRA e CESARE", "it_quote": "Più amabile beltà\nmai non si troverà\ndel tuo bel volto.\nIn te/In me non splenderà\nné amor né fedeltà\nda te/da me disciolto.", "en_quote": "A more lovable beauty\nwill never be found\nthan your lovely face.\nIn you / In me neither love\nnor fidelity will shine\nseparated from you / from me.", "ancient_focus": "Dedecus Aegypti, Latii feralis Erinnys,\nRomano non casta malo." } ], "context": { "summary": "Lucan interrupts the Egyptian episode with a hostile account of Cleopatra’s entry and its supposed later consequences for Rome. The passage looks forward to Antony and Actium while condemning Caesar’s present desire; it ends one line before the rhetorical question finishes.", "before": { "locus": "10.44–52", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"44\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"45\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"46\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"47\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"48\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"49\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"50\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"51\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"52\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "bf46886669ee04025554786901a665846e05f3dab8d2b6e64468995b18330e27", "original_sha256": "3839d843de8c26d1bcb2eed639ddb3e3db7f9b7c2889b5c70f27f23f9488bacd", "summary": "In the preceding reflection on Alexander’s empire, Lucan contrasts Macedonian power with Rome’s failure to overcome Parthia. The return to Ptolemy and Cleopatra thus follows an argument about empire rather than neutral scene-setting.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0917/phi001/phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "10.76–85", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"76\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"77\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"78\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"79\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"80\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"81\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"82\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"83\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"84\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"85\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "bf46886669ee04025554786901a665846e05f3dab8d2b6e64468995b18330e27", "original_sha256": "6dec6ab61406e8743a39400e99f5756454ce9c1ea60ccf1cc0183ff69c201ee6", "summary": "Line 76 completes the question by adding illicit beds and children born outside marriage. The narrator then says Caesar gives Julia brothers by a shameful mother and wastes time on Egyptian love while the defeated party regroups in Africa.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0917/phi001/phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0917/phi001/phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml" } ], "windows": [ { "locus": "10.76–81", "original": "Illicitosque toros, et non ex coniuge partus?\nPro pudor! oblitus Magni, tibi, Iulia, fratres\nObscena de matre dedit: partesque fugatas\nPassus in extremis Libyae coalescere regnis,\nTempora Niliaco turpis dependit amori,\nDum donare Pharon, dum non sibi vincere mavult.", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"76\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"77\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"78\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"79\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"80\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"81\"]" ], "cts_edition": "urn:cts:latinLit:phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2" }, "source_sha256": "bf46886669ee04025554786901a665846e05f3dab8d2b6e64468995b18330e27", "original_sha256": "6a69940d587df39d14ae4adbb544eaf6db9a007252dcf1de4ccfad41e21f42fb", "id": "ctx-lucan-10-76-81", "title": "After: the interrupted question and its accusation", "author": "Lucan", "work": "Civil War / Pharsalia", "language": "Latin", "translation": "…and illicit beds, and children born outside marriage? Shame! Forgetting Magnus, he gave you, Julia, brothers by a shameful mother; and, allowing the routed faction to gather again in the farthest kingdoms of Libya, he disgracefully spent his time on love beside the Nile, while he preferred to give Pharos away, while he preferred not to conquer for himself.", "translation_status": "New close English translation from the cited original, not copied from an existing translation.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0917/phi001/phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml", "source_filename": "phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml", "source_id": "gc-a-src-lucan", "edition": "Pharsaliae Libri X M. Annaeus Lucanus Karl Hermann Weise Leipzig G. Bassus 1835 HathiTrust", "limitation": "Line 76 completes the rhetorical question whose subject and verb lie in 10.70–75; the leading ellipsis marks that grammatical continuation. ‘Julia’ is Caesar’s daughter and Pompey’s deceased wife; the narrator’s hostile accusation is poetry, not independent testimony about motives.", "role": "Surrounding narrative context; does not establish direct consultation by Handel, Haym or Bussani.", "rights": [ { "text": "Ancient text and printed edition are public domain by age; no explicit licence declaration found in this TEI header. Repository attribution retained." } ] } ] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-suetonius-julius-37-2", "title": "“Came, saw, conquered” is relocated from the Pontic triumph", "relationship": "transformation", "relevance": "The opera’s opening formula is the closest verbal match to Suetonius’s three-word triumphal inscription. Suetonius locates it in the Pontic triumph, so its dramatic use during the Egyptian arrival relocates a familiar maxim rather than reproducing that historical occasion.", "ancient_focus": [ "Pontico triumpho inter pompae fercula trium uerborum praetulit titulum veni · vidi · vici" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-04" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s01-u008", "title": "Caesar opens with “came, saw and conquered”", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "The verbal correspondence is explicit, but a widely transmitted formula does not identify the opera-maker’s consulted edition.", "scope": "line", "act": 1, "scene": 1, "speaker": "CESARE", "it_quote": "Curio, Cesare venne, e vide e vinse;", "en_quote": "Curio, Caesar came, saw, and conquered;", "ancient_focus": "Pontico triumpho inter pompae fercula trium uerborum praetulit titulum veni · vidi · vici" } ], "context": { "summary": "The famous three-word inscription belongs to Caesar’s later Pontic triumph, not his arrival in Egypt. Suetonius places it among the displays of a series of triumphs after the campaigns, providing a chronology control for the opera’s early ‘Cesare venne, e vide e vinse’.", "before": { "locus": "37.1", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"37\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "fa3f094d13f07f591d56a7f088e835a608f2921d2fe72c373f080337bf53fc5f", "original_sha256": "73d943ecd79d2f34ad47262af0705a2d1aee44e793a84ea32c1da28b9cf78cb7", "summary": "Suetonius enumerates five triumphs: Gallic, Alexandrian, Pontic, African, and Spanish, each with its own display and equipment.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "38.1", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"38\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "fa3f094d13f07f591d56a7f088e835a608f2921d2fe72c373f080337bf53fc5f", "original_sha256": "c9c03ae4807c81de3565845183a6f12348802eb0ca0795f0b96acc7c3299549d", "summary": "He proceeds to Caesar’s gifts of money and land to veterans and distributions to the people. The context remains the celebration and rewards of victory.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-suetonius-julius-52-1-2", "title": "An attested relationship does not authenticate the sung love story", "relationship": "non-exclusive-parallel", "relevance": "Suetonius reports Caesar’s attachment to Cleopatra, hospitality, gifts, and disputed claims concerning Caesarion. The love duet and proposal are dramatic counterparts to a relationship tradition, but their exclusivity and emotional course are not verified by these reports.", "ancient_focus": [ "sed maxime Cleopatram", "filiumque natum appellare nomine suo passus est." ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-22" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s10-u030", "title": "The finale promises inseparable love", "relationship": "non-exclusive-parallel", "explanation": "The shared relationship does not establish the duet’s vows as historical speech.", "scope": "speech", "act": 3, "scene": 10, "speaker": "CLEOPATRA e CESARE", "it_quote": "Più amabile beltà\nmai non si troverà\ndel tuo bel volto.\nIn te/In me non splenderà\nné amor né fedeltà\nda te/da me disciolto.", "en_quote": "A more lovable beauty\nwill never be found\nthan your lovely face.\nIn you / In me neither love\nnor fidelity will shine\nseparated from you / from me.", "ancient_focus": "sed maxime Cleopatram" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a2-s07-u011", "title": "Caesar imagines marrying Lidia", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "A child and competing paternity reports are different evidence from the stage proposal to a woman whose royal identity is still concealed.", "scope": "speech", "act": 2, "scene": 7, "speaker": "CESARE", "it_quote": "ben potresti sperar dalla tua sorte\nd'essermi forse un dì sposa e consorte.", "en_quote": "you might well hope that your destiny\ncould make you my wife and consort one day.", "ancient_focus": "filiumque natum appellare nomine suo passus est." } ], "context": { "summary": "Caesar’s relations with Cleopatra appear in a topical catalogue of sexual relationships, extending from Egypt to her later visit to Rome. The Caesarion passage explicitly juxtaposes reports of resemblance and recognition with Oppius’ denial, so the paternity issue is not settled by the excerpt itself.", "before": { "locus": "51", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"51\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "fa3f094d13f07f591d56a7f088e835a608f2921d2fe72c373f080337bf53fc5f", "original_sha256": "e4d7400cf33ab05700413274400d0f10d97215b563eff326ecbfba27f9f794b9", "summary": "Suetonius cites soldiers’ abusive verses at the Gallic triumph as evidence for Caesar’s affairs with married women outside Rome.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "52.3", "source_locator": { "filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"52\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "fa3f094d13f07f591d56a7f088e835a608f2921d2fe72c373f080337bf53fc5f", "original_sha256": "210dc4b6c6035bd87c0f5344372c1b15e5ebb9e9caef5b5e7224702c1986fce8", "summary": "He adds Cinna’s report of a proposed law allowing Caesar multiple wives for producing children, then quotes an older Curio’s invective. These are further attributed claims and polemical testimony.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-anonymous-alexandrian-war-4", "title": "Arsinoe kills Achillas; the opera gives him a redeeming exit", "relationship": "contrast", "relevance": "The continuation attributes Achillas’s death to Arsinoe’s pre-emptive act through Ganymedes and follows it with a transfer of command. The wounded operatic Achillas instead provides the seal and dies after an erotic grievance; his death corresponds to neither this account nor Plutarch’s distinct account of Caesar killing him.", "ancient_focus": [ "praeoccupat Arsinoe per Ganymeden eunuchum, nutricium suum, atque Achillan interficit.", "exercitus Ganymedi traditur." ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-17" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s04-u034", "title": "Achillas gives the seal and expires", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The direction is the closest exact action for comparing the conflicting death narratives.", "scope": "scene", "act": 3, "scene": 4, "speaker": "STAGE", "it_quote": "dà il sigillo a Sesto e spira", "en_quote": "He gives the seal to Sextus and dies.", "ancient_focus": "praeoccupat Arsinoe per Ganymeden eunuchum, nutricium suum, atque Achillan interficit." }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s04-u033", "title": "His seal gives Sextus access to armed men", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The stage military handover is a rescue device rather than a formal transfer to Ganymedes.", "scope": "speech", "act": 3, "scene": 4, "speaker": "ACHILLA", "it_quote": "Questo sigil tu prendi;\nnel più vicino speco\ncentro armati guerrieri\na questo segno ad ubbidir son pronti;", "en_quote": "Take this seal;\nin the nearest cave\na hundred armed warriors\nare ready to obey this token.", "ancient_focus": "exercitus Ganymedi traditur." } ], "context": { "summary": "The author returns from Alexandrian preparations and public argument to the contest for command between Achillas and Arsinoe. Achillas’ killing is followed by Ganymedes’ control of the army, not the opera’s death-bed reversal motivated by Cornelia.", "before": { "locus": "3", "summary": "Chapter 3 describes Alexandrian resources and technical ingenuity, then reports leaders warning that continued Roman military presence could turn the kingdom into a province.", "source_url": "https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/caesar/alex.shtml#3", "source_locator": { "format": "published HTML", "selector": "a[name=\"3\"] parent p; chapter label excluded" }, "source_sha256": "930d9d823e5ebf8c97198dd3c8822cdc26d42f21031c626deb56a15d99528bb6", "original_sha256": "4be10182cebd21dc18893bbecc71a4a2d8e66727853af0296b9e5ae35e7175ab", "verification": "Exact adjacent chapter read in the cached published Latin Library HTML." }, "after": { "locus": "5", "summary": "Chapter 5 describes Alexandria’s underground water channels and different access to clean water. Ganymedes recognizes that Caesar’s troops can be cut off from their water supply.", "source_url": "https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/caesar/alex.shtml#5", "source_locator": { "format": "published HTML", "selector": "a[name=\"5\"] parent p; chapter label excluded" }, "source_sha256": "930d9d823e5ebf8c97198dd3c8822cdc26d42f21031c626deb56a15d99528bb6", "original_sha256": "a73f23a46ebc4a59f8259292827ec50b67692336a250f7d41edba158ca7728b0", "verification": "Exact adjacent chapter read in the cached published Latin Library HTML." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/caesar/alex.shtml#4" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-dio-42-35-2-4", "title": "Ptolemy’s public initiative differs from the stage taunt", "relationship": "contrast", "relevance": "Dio’s boy king mobilizes the crowd after discovering Cleopatra inside; the episode is absent from the opera. Cleopatra’s youth-taunt and Ptolemy’s demand for Caesar’s death are character-level comparisons of agency, not equivalents of the crowd-and-diadem action.", "ancient_focus": [ "ἐκπηδήσας ἐς τὸ πλῆθος ἐβόα λέγων προδίδοσθαι", "τὸ διάδημα ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς περισπάσας ἔρριψε." ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-18" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s05-u025", "title": "Cleopatra dismisses the young king’s capacity to rule", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "Dio’s narrated initiative prevents the stage insult from supporting a blanket judgment of historical passivity.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 5, "speaker": "CLEOPATRA", "it_quote": "Anzi tu pur, effeminato amante,\nva dell'età sui primi albori,\ndi regno invece a coltivar gli amori!", "en_quote": "Rather you, effeminate lover,\ngo in the first dawn of your years\nand cultivate love instead of a kingdom!", "ancient_focus": "ἐκπηδήσας ἐς τὸ πλῆθος ἐβόα λέγων προδίδοσθαι" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s06-u018", "title": "Ptolemy demands Caesar’s death and secure rule", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "Both texts give the young ruler political initiative, but the opera’s murder plan has a different cause and action.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 6, "speaker": "TOLOMEO", "it_quote": "Roma, oppressa da lui, libera vada,\ne fermezza al mio regno\nsia la morte di lui più che la spada.", "en_quote": "Let Rome, oppressed by him, go free,\nand let his death give my kingdom\nmore stability than the sword.", "ancient_focus": "τὸ διάδημα ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς περισπάσας ἔρριψε." } ], "context": { "summary": "Ptolemy’s public protest follows his discovery that Cleopatra has secretly entered the palace and won Caesar’s support. The boy’s action mobilizes the crowd; Caesar’s reading of the father’s will belongs to an urgent attempt to restore control, not an uncontested exercise of authority.", "before": { "locus": "42.35.1", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"35\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "774718cb887ac38ea9ea8fe951eee6e0e966df6832a3cc5a7f903fd277e668a8", "summary": "Caesar sees and hears Cleopatra and becomes her supporter, then summons Ptolemy to reconcile the siblings. Dio contrasts his former position as judge with his new advocacy for her.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "42.35.5–6", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"35\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"35\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "0558b1376888a0cfd53ca4b06568ade60421f2b424a64aadb3ea33d4ef641446", "summary": "Caesar claims authority as dictator and representative of the Roman people, grants the siblings joint kingship, and gives Cyprus to Arsinoe and the younger Ptolemy. Dio interprets the concession of Cyprus as evidence of Caesar’s fear.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [ { "locus": "42.35.5–6", "original": "πράξας δὲ τοῦτο, καὶ ἐπειπὼν ὅτι ἑαυτῷ, δικτάτορι ὄντι καὶ πᾶν τὸ τοῦ δήμου κράτος ἔχοντι, τήν τε ἐπιμέλειαν τῶν παίδων ποιεῖσθαι καὶ τὰ δόξαντα τῷ πατρὶ αὐτῶν ἐπιτελεῖν προσήκει, ἐκείνοις τε τὴν βασιλείαν ἀμφοτέροις ἔδωκε, καὶ τῇ Ἀρσινόῃ τῷ τε Πτολεμαίῳ τῷ νεωτέρῳ, τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς σφων, Κύπρον ἐχαρίσατο.\nτοσοῦτον γάρ που δέος αὐτὸν ἔσχεν ὥστε μὴ μόνον μηδὲν τῶν τῆς Αἰγύπτου προσλαβεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν οἰκείων τι αὐτοῖς προσδοῦναι.", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"35\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"35\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]" ], "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2" }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "0558b1376888a0cfd53ca4b06568ade60421f2b424a64aadb3ea33d4ef641446", "id": "ctx-dio-42-35-5-6", "title": "After: the settlement and Cyprus concession", "author": "Cassius Dio", "work": "Roman History", "language": "Greek", "translation": "Having done this, and adding that, as dictator and holder of all the people’s power, it was his responsibility to care for the children and carry out their father’s decisions, Caesar gave the kingship to both of them and granted Cyprus to Arsinoe and the younger Ptolemy, their siblings. For such fear had apparently seized him that he not only took none of Egypt’s possessions for himself but even gave them something belonging to his own side.", "translation_status": "New close English translation from the cited original, not copied from an existing translation.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "source_filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "source_id": "gc-a-src-dio", "edition": "Dio's Roman History Cassius Dio Cocceianus Earnest Cary London William Heinemann New York, NY G. P. Putnam's Sons 1914-1917 3-6 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive", "limitation": "The second sentence is Dio’s interpretation of Caesar’s fear, not a statement of Caesar’s own motive. ‘Both’ refers to Cleopatra and the elder Ptolemy, while the younger Ptolemy is a different brother.", "role": "Surrounding narrative context; does not establish direct consultation by Handel, Haym or Bussani.", "rights": [ { "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License", "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" } ] } ] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-dio-42-34-1-to-35-1", "title": "Cleopatra’s plea, calculated attraction, and Egyptian grievance", "relationship": "transformation", "relevance": "Dio narrates Cleopatra’s strategic personal hearing and Caesar’s change from judge to advocate alongside Egyptian fiscal and religious grievances. The plea and planned gaze are close dramatic comparisons; Ptolemy’s resistance is only a contextual contrast because the opera does not stage those specific exactions.", "ancient_focus": [ "ἧς γὰρ δικαστὴς πρότερον ἠξιοῦτο εἶναι, τότε ταύτῃ συνεδίκει.", "πάντα ἐν τῷ κάλλει τὰ δικαιώματα ἔθετο.", "οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι ταῖς τῶν χρημάτων ἐσπράξεσι βαρυνόμενοι" ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-21", "gc-comparison-22", "gc-comparison-29" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s07-u015", "title": "Cleopatra pleads for justice before Caesar", "relationship": "transformation", "explanation": "The disguised petition stages the connection between adjudication and attraction without repeating Dio’s narrative formulation.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 7, "speaker": "CLEOPATRA", "it_quote": "Avanti al tuo cospetto, avanti a Roma,\nmesta, afflitta e piangente\nchieggio giustizia.", "en_quote": "Before your presence, before Rome,\nsad, afflicted, and weeping,\nI ask for justice.", "ancient_focus": "ἧς γὰρ δικαστὴς πρότερον ἠξιοῦτο εἶναι, τότε ταύτῃ συνεδίκει." }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s05-u020", "title": "Cleopatra plans to win Caesar by her gaze", "relationship": "non-exclusive-parallel", "explanation": "Both accounts link beauty with political claims, but the shared motif cannot establish direct Greek borrowing.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 5, "speaker": "CLEOPATRA", "it_quote": "Non paventar; col guardo\nmeglio ch'egli non fece\ncol capo di Pompeo,\nCesare obbligherò;\ninvan aspira al trono,\negli è il germano, e la regina io sono.", "en_quote": "Do not fear: with a glance,\nbetter than he has done\nwith Pompey's head,\nI shall bind Caesar to me.\nHe aspires to the throne in vain:\nhe is the brother, and I am the queen.", "ancient_focus": "πάντα ἐν τῷ κάλλει τὰ δικαιώματα ἔθετο." }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s06-u018", "title": "Ptolemy frames killing Caesar as political liberation", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The speech is a contextual scene for resistance; it does not express Dio’s specific fiscal or sacred-property grounds.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 6, "speaker": "TOLOMEO", "it_quote": "Roma, oppressa da lui, libera vada,\ne fermezza al mio regno\nsia la morte di lui più che la spada.", "en_quote": "Let Rome, oppressed by him, go free,\nand let his death give my kingdom\nmore stability than the sword.", "ancient_focus": "οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι ταῖς τῶν χρημάτων ἐσπράξεσι βαρυνόμενοι" } ], "context": { "summary": "Dio returns to Egypt after narrating unrest in Rome. He connects Egyptian anger over money and sacred places with fear of Cleopatra’s influence, and represents her personal appearance and voice as a deliberate change from mediated pleading to direct persuasion.", "before": { "locus": "42.33.1–3", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"33\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"33\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"33\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "714ee47a6027ab0dcba2f11e2537e474d5546d415a583a0bdbb2be0cbcbe5450", "summary": "The Roman disturbances persist until Caesar appears in person. Dio says Caesar then spares everyone and honours some, including Dolabella, before explaining the delay caused by the Egyptian episode.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "after": { "locus": "42.35.2–4", "source_locator": { "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "xpath": [ ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"35\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"35\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]", ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"35\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]" ] }, "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535", "original_sha256": "3236047e9c8147519cbd54cf33ee80fa4c441c7987affac488eb4123a9aa4d76", "summary": "Ptolemy reacts publicly to Cleopatra’s presence, discards his diadem and provokes a crowd disturbance. Caesar promises concessions and reads the royal will before the assembled people.", "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml", "verification": "Exact local canonical TEI main text read; whitespace normalized, apparatus excluded." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml" } ], "windows": [] } }, { "passage_id": "anc-anonymous-alexandrian-war-3", "title": "Fear of annexation qualifies the closing freedom", "relationship": "contrast", "relevance": "The continuation reports Alexandrian leaders fearing that their kingdom will become a Roman province unless Caesar is expelled. The finale’s promise of former freedom and Ptolemy’s defensive rhetoric are the relevant contrasts; the reported fear is not proof of Caesar’s actual annexation plan or a belief shared by all Egyptians.", "ancient_focus": [ "Quem si non expulissent, futuram ex regno provinciam;", "populum Romanum paulatim in consuetudinem eius regni occupandi venire." ], "comparison_ids": [ "gc-comparison-29" ], "matches": [ { "libretto_id": "gc-a3-s10-u032", "title": "Caesar promises Egypt’s former freedom", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "The celebratory settlement should be read beside the narrated fear of losing the kingdom, rather than replacing that fear with the finale’s judgment.", "scope": "speech", "act": 3, "scene": 10, "speaker": "CESARE", "it_quote": "Goda pur or l'Egitto\nin più tranquillo stato\nla prima libertà. Cesare brama,\ndall'uno all'altro polo\nch'il gran nome roman spanda la fama.", "en_quote": "Let Egypt now enjoy\nits former freedom\nin a more peaceful state. Caesar desires\nthat Fame spread the great Roman name\nfrom one pole to the other.", "ancient_focus": "Quem si non expulissent, futuram ex regno provinciam;" }, { "libretto_id": "gc-a1-s06-u018", "title": "Ptolemy claims Caesar’s death will secure his kingdom", "relationship": "contrast", "explanation": "This is a contextual political parallel; the continuation attributes arguments to Alexandrian leaders, not this speech to Ptolemy.", "scope": "speech", "act": 1, "scene": 6, "speaker": "TOLOMEO", "it_quote": "Roma, oppressa da lui, libera vada,\ne fermezza al mio regno\nsia la morte di lui più che la spada.", "en_quote": "Let Rome, oppressed by him, go free,\nand let his death give my kingdom\nmore stability than the sword.", "ancient_focus": "populum Romanum paulatim in consuetudinem eius regni occupandi venire." } ], "context": { "summary": "The account links Alexandria’s material resources and technical skill to leaders’ arguments for expelling Caesar. Their warning that the kingdom could become a province is reported political speech; it does not establish Caesar’s own declared plan or the opinion of every Egyptian.", "before": { "locus": "2", "summary": "Chapter 2 describes recruitment throughout Egypt, weapons manufacture, the arming of adult slaves, and the arrangement of fixed and mobile urban defences.", "source_url": "https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/caesar/alex.shtml#2", "source_locator": { "format": "published HTML", "selector": "a[name=\"2\"] parent p; chapter label excluded" }, "source_sha256": "930d9d823e5ebf8c97198dd3c8822cdc26d42f21031c626deb56a15d99528bb6", "original_sha256": "a5ae8c8c93bf8131d60bf392f3a995598cc2838a9d8b12f30d35a5fdd3ec4eb9", "verification": "Exact adjacent chapter read in the cached published Latin Library HTML." }, "after": { "locus": "4", "summary": "Chapter 4 returns to the conflict between Achillas and Arsinoe, the killing of Achillas through Ganymedes, and the transfer of military command to Ganymedes.", "source_url": "https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/caesar/alex.shtml#4", "source_locator": { "format": "published HTML", "selector": "a[name=\"4\"] parent p; chapter label excluded" }, "source_sha256": "930d9d823e5ebf8c97198dd3c8822cdc26d42f21031c626deb56a15d99528bb6", "original_sha256": "6dc337ec9d1f36040b734e4fec1540f04d00e2f1d0bb811a11b438e32dedf7e0", "verification": "Exact adjacent chapter read in the cached published Latin Library HTML." }, "links": [ { "label": "Primary text in the cited edition", "url": "https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/caesar/alex.shtml#3" } ], "windows": [] } } ] }