{
  "schema": "magalia-opera-passages-1",
  "scope": "28 selected canonical Greek/Latin TEI windows plus two separately identified Alexandrian War published HTML reading chapters; ancient narrative agreement is distinct from source dependence.",
  "records": [
    {
      "id": "anc-caesar-bc-3-103-2-5",
      "author": "Julius Caesar",
      "work": "Civil War",
      "locus": "3.103.2–5",
      "language": "Latin",
      "original": "ibi casu rex erat Ptolomaeus, puer aetate, magnis copiis cum sorore Cleopatra bellum gerens, quam paucis ante mensibus per suos propinquos atque amicos regno expulerat; castraque Cleopatrae non longo spatio ab eius castris distabant.\nad eum Pompeius misit, ut pro hospitio atque amicitia patris Alexandria reciperetur atque illius opibus in calamitate tegeretur.\nsed qui ab eo missi erant, confecto legationis officio liberius cum militibus regis colloqui coeperunt eosque hortari, ut suum officium Pompeio praestarent neve eius fortunam despicerent.\nin hoc erant numero complures Pompei milites, quos ex eius exercitu acceptos in Syria Gabinius Alexandriam traduxerat belloque confecto apud Ptolomaeum, patrem pueri, reliquerat.",
      "translation": "King Ptolemy happened to be there, a boy in age, waging war with large forces against his sister Cleopatra, whom a few months earlier he had driven from the kingdom through his relatives and friends; Cleopatra's camp was not far from his own. Pompey sent to him, asking to be received at Alexandria on the grounds of his father's hospitality and friendship, and to be protected in his misfortune by the king's resources. But those sent by him, after completing their embassy, began to talk more freely with the king's soldiers and to urge them to perform their duty towards Pompey and not despise his fortunes. Among these soldiers were several of Pompey's men whom Gabinius had taken from his army in Syria, brought to Alexandria, and, when the war was finished, left with Ptolemy, the boy's father.",
      "edition": "Julius Caesar C. Iuli Caesaris Commentariorum, pars posterior Renatus du Pontet Oxford Clarendon 1901 Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis Internet Archive",
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        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"103\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"103\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"103\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"103\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]"
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      },
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      "source_filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml",
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      "original_sha256": "29112bf34b1757391023b8ff39efdcc2ea66e7e39b8de613e166a1b7503ca792",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-caesar-bc",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Participant and commander writing a self-justifying account; third-person narration is not neutral testimony. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-caesar-bc-3-104",
      "author": "Julius Caesar",
      "work": "Civil War",
      "locus": "3.104",
      "language": "Latin",
      "original": "His tum cognitis rebus amici regis, qui propter aetatem eius in procuratione erant regni, sive timore adducti, ut postea praedicabant, sollicitato exercitu regio, ne Pompeius Alexandriam Aegyptumque occuparet, sive despecta eius fortuna, ut plerumque in calamitate ex amicis inimici exsistunt, iis qui erant ab eo missi, palam liberaliter responderunt eumque ad regem venire iusserunt; ipsi clam consilio inito Achillam, praefectum regium, singulari hominem audacia, et L. Septimium tribunum militum ad interficiendum Pompeium miserunt. ab his liberaliter ipse appellatus et quadam notitia Septimi perductus, quod bello praedonum apud eum ordinem duxerat, naviculam parvulam conscendit cum paucis suis; ibi ab Achilla et Septimio interficitur. item L. Lentulus comprehenditur ab rege et in custodia necatur.",
      "translation": "On learning this, the king's friends, who administered the kingdom because of his age, were either moved by fear—as they afterwards asserted—that Pompey, after stirring up the royal army, might seize Alexandria and Egypt, or despised his fallen fortunes, as friends commonly turn into enemies in misfortune. They publicly gave a generous answer to his envoys and ordered him to come to the king; but privately they formed a plan and sent Achillas, the royal commander, a man of exceptional audacity, and Lucius Septimius, a military tribune, to kill Pompey. Addressed courteously by them, and persuaded by a certain acquaintance with Septimius, who had commanded a company under him in the war against the pirates, Pompey boarded a tiny boat with a few of his men. There he was killed by Achillas and Septimius. Lucius Lentulus was likewise arrested by the king and killed in custody.",
      "edition": "Julius Caesar C. Iuli Caesaris Commentariorum, pars posterior Renatus du Pontet Oxford Clarendon 1901 Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis Internet Archive",
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      },
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      "original_sha256": "fa5bc19a3b39806cd311989092babb4e4c230b4c539f15bad1becd5d366876a6",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-caesar-bc",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Participant and commander writing a self-justifying account; third-person narration is not neutral testimony. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-caesar-bc-3-107",
      "author": "Julius Caesar",
      "work": "Civil War",
      "locus": "3.107",
      "language": "Latin",
      "original": "Quibus rebus animadversis legiones sibi alias ex Asia adduci iussit, quas ex Pompeianis militibus confecerat. ipse enim necessario etesiis tenebatur, qui navigantibus Alexandria flant adversissimi venti. interim controversias regum ad populum Romanum et ad se, quod esset consul, pertinere existimans, atque eo magis officio suo convenire, quod superiore consulatu cum patre Ptolomaeo ex lege et senatus consulto societas erat facta, ostendit sibi placere regem Ptolomaeum atque eius sororem Cleopatram exercitus, quos haberent, dimittere et de controversiis iure apud se potius quam inter se armis disceptare.",
      "translation": "Having observed these events, Caesar ordered other legions to be brought to him from Asia, which he had formed from Pompey's soldiers. For he was necessarily detained by the Etesian winds, which blow directly against those sailing from Alexandria. Meanwhile, considering that the disputes of the sovereigns concerned the Roman people and himself as consul—and that this was all the more his duty because in his earlier consulship an alliance had been made with their father Ptolemy by law and senatorial decree—he declared that he wished King Ptolemy and his sister Cleopatra to dismiss their armies, and to argue their disputes legally before him rather than fight one another with weapons.",
      "edition": "Julius Caesar C. Iuli Caesaris Commentariorum, pars posterior Renatus du Pontet Oxford Clarendon 1901 Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis Internet Archive",
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      "original_sha256": "1818dcb96ac26543430b3769e5f1f10577babc989d456bca0adf894e99c7b7d9",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-caesar-bc",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Participant and commander writing a self-justifying account; third-person narration is not neutral testimony. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-caesar-bc-3-110-1-3",
      "author": "Julius Caesar",
      "work": "Civil War",
      "locus": "3.110.1–3",
      "language": "Latin",
      "original": "Erant cum Achilla eae copiae, ut neque numero neque genere hominum neque usu rei militaris contemnendae viderentur.\nmilia enim xx in armis habebat. haec constabant ex Gabinianis militibus, qui iam in consuetudinem Alexandrinae vitae ac licentiae venerant et nomen disciplinamque populi Romani dedidicerant uxoresque duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant.\nhuc accedebant collecti ex praedonibus latronibusque Syriae Ciliciaeque provinciae finitimarumque regionum. multi praeterea capitis damnati exulesque convenerant.",
      "translation": "Achillas had forces which seemed contemptible neither in numbers, nor in the kind of men, nor in military experience. For he had twenty thousand men under arms. These consisted of Gabinius' soldiers, who had by now grown accustomed to Alexandrian life and licence, had unlearned the name and discipline of the Roman people, and had taken wives, by whom most had children. To these were added men gathered from the pirates and brigands of Syria, the province of Cilicia, and neighbouring regions. Many persons condemned on capital charges and exiles had also assembled there.",
      "edition": "Julius Caesar C. Iuli Caesaris Commentariorum, pars posterior Renatus du Pontet Oxford Clarendon 1901 Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"110\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"110\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"110\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml",
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      "original_sha256": "a45acdaa59d3e04ba555293c5176996b3999588705ec90c061d2f8d82a24ddbd",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-caesar-bc",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Participant and commander writing a self-justifying account; third-person narration is not neutral testimony. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-caesar-bc-3-112-10-12",
      "author": "Julius Caesar",
      "work": "Civil War",
      "locus": "3.112.10–12",
      "language": "Latin",
      "original": "interim filia minor Ptolomaei regis vacuam possessionem regni sperans ad Achillam sese ex regia traiecit unaque bellum administrare coepit.\nsed celeriter est inter eos de principatu controversia orta, quae res apud milites largitiones auxit; magnis enim iacturis sibi quisque eorum animos conciliabat.\nhaec dum apud hostes geruntur, Pothinus, nutricius pueri et procurator regni, in parte Caesaris, cum ad Achillam nuntios mitteret hortareturque, ne negotio desisteret neve animo deficeret, indicatis deprehensisque internuntiis a Caesare est interfectus. haec initia belli Alexandrini fuerunt.",
      "translation": "Meanwhile the younger daughter of King Ptolemy, hoping to gain uncontested possession of the kingdom, crossed from the palace to Achillas and began to direct the war with him. But a dispute over supreme command quickly arose between them, and this increased gifts to the soldiers, for each was winning their support at great expense. While these things were happening among the enemy, Pothinus, the boy's guardian and administrator of the kingdom, remained in Caesar's sector; when he sent messengers to Achillas and urged him not to abandon the undertaking or lose heart, the intermediaries were denounced and caught, and he was killed by Caesar. These were the beginnings of the Alexandrian war.",
      "edition": "Julius Caesar C. Iuli Caesaris Commentariorum, pars posterior Renatus du Pontet Oxford Clarendon 1901 Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
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          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"112\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]",
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          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]/t:div[@n=\"112\"]/t:div[@n=\"12\"]"
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      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml",
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      "source_id": "gc-a-src-caesar-bc",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Participant and commander writing a self-justifying account; third-person narration is not neutral testimony. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-caesar-bc-2-42-3-4",
      "author": "Julius Caesar",
      "work": "Civil War",
      "locus": "2.42.3–4",
      "language": "Latin",
      "original": "hortatur Curionem Cn. Domitius praefectus equitum, cum paucis equitibus circumsistens, ut fuga salutem petat atque in castra contendat, et se ab eo non discessurum pollicetur.\nat Curio numquam se amisso exercitu, quem a Caesare fidei commissum acceperit, in eius conspectum reversurum confirmat atque ita proelians interficitur.",
      "translation": "Gnaeus Domitius, commander of the cavalry, stood around Curio with a few horsemen and urged him to seek safety in flight and make for the camp; he promised not to leave him. But Curio declared that he would never return into Caesar's presence after losing the army which Caesar had entrusted to his fidelity; and so he was killed fighting.",
      "edition": "Julius Caesar C. Iuli Caesaris Commentariorum, pars posterior Renatus du Pontet Oxford Clarendon 1901 Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]"
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      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_filename": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "d14f00b56e6251e19ff52be8bf4dddf243cb597153c82b7f94b15adbe144d18b",
      "original_sha256": "b13b4965f300aa823f8fdb70be3548468a00efc6133e9d402d06df9a2ceff800",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-caesar-bc",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Participant and commander writing a self-justifying account; third-person narration is not neutral testimony. Calendar year 49 BCE derives from campaign chronology, not an explicit numeral in this excerpt. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-plutarch-pompey-55-1-3",
      "author": "Plutarch",
      "work": "Life of Pompey",
      "locus": "55.1–3",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "Πομπήϊος δὲ παρελθὼν εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἔγημε Κορνηλίαν θυγατέρα Μετέλλου Σκηπίωνος, οὐ παρθένον, ἀλλὰ χήραν ἀπολελειμμένην νεωστὶ Ποπλίου τοῦ Κράσσου παιδός, ᾧ συνῴκησεν ἐκ παρθενίας, ἐν Πάρθοις τεθνηκότος. ἐνῆν δὲ τῇ κόρῃ πολλὰ φίλτρα δίχα τῶν ἀφʼ ὥρας. καὶ γὰρ περὶ γράμματα καλῶς ἤσκητο καὶ περὶ λύραν καὶ γεωμετρίαν, καὶ λόγων φιλοσόφων εἴθιστο χρησίμως ἀκούειν.\nκαὶ προσῆν τούτοις ἦθος ἀηδίας καὶ περιεργίας καθαρόν, ἃ δὴ νέαις προστρίβεται γυναιξὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα μαθήματα· πατὴρ δὲ καὶ γένους ἕνεκα καὶ δόξης ἄμεμπτος. ἀλλʼ ὅμως τοῦ γάμου τοῖς μὲν οὐκ ἤρεσκε τὸ μὴ καθʼ ἡλικίαν υἱῷ γὰρ αὐτοῦ συνοικεῖν ὥραν εἶχεν ἡ Κορνηλία μᾶλλον·\nοἱ δὲ κομψότεροι τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἡγοῦντο παρεωρακέναι τὸν Πομπήϊον ἐν τύχαις οὔσης, ὧν ἐκεῖνον ἰατρὸν ᾕρηται καὶ μόνῳ παραδέδωκεν αὑτήν· ὁ δὲ στεφανοῦται καὶ θύει γάμους, αὐτὴν τὴν ὑπατείαν ὀφείλων ἡγεῖσθαι συμφοράν, οὐκ ἂν οὕτω παρανόμως δοθεῖσαν εὐτυχούσης τῆς πατρίδος.",
      "translation": "After entering the city, Pompey married Cornelia, daughter of Metellus Scipio, not a maiden but recently left a widow when Publius, the son of Crassus, whom she had married as a virgin, died among the Parthians. The young woman had many charms apart from those of youthful beauty: she was well trained in literature, the lyre, and geometry, and accustomed to listen profitably to philosophical discussions. In addition, her character was free of the unpleasantness and pedantry which such studies attach to young women; her father was beyond reproach in birth and reputation. Nevertheless, some disliked the marriage because the ages were unequal, for Cornelia was of an age to live with his son rather than with Pompey. Those of more discriminating judgment thought that Pompey had neglected the city in its misfortunes: it had chosen him as its physician and entrusted itself to him alone, but he was putting on garlands and sacrificing for a wedding, although he ought to regard even the consulship itself as a calamity, since it would not have been conferred so unlawfully if his country had been flourishing.",
      "edition": "Plutarch Plutarch's Lives Bernadotte Perrin Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd. 1917 5 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive",
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      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "04a3ef5fd49224bfa956a457754498df065e14f487c99c5b5492b5f7e48dd30d",
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      "source_id": "gc-a-src-plutarch-pompey",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Later moral biography; dramatic speeches and ethical framing are literary constructions, not transcripts. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-plutarch-pompey-79-3-4",
      "author": "Plutarch",
      "work": "Life of Pompey",
      "locus": "79.3–4",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "ὡς δὲ τῇ γῇ προσεπέλαζον, ἡ μὲν Κορνηλία μετὰ τῶν φίλων ἐκ τῆς τριήρους περιπαθὴς οὖσα τὸ μέλλον ἀπεσκοπεῖτο, καὶ θαρρεῖν ἤρχετο πολλοὺς ὁρῶσα πρὸς τὴν ἀπόβασιν τῶν βασιλικῶν οἷον ἐπὶ τιμῇ καὶ δεξιώσει συνερχομένους, ἐν τούτῳ δὲ τὸν Πομπήϊον τῆς τοῦ Φιλίππου λαμβανόμενον χειρός, ὅπως ῥᾷον ἐξανασταίη, Σεπτίμιος ὄπισθεν τῷ ξίφει διελαύνει πρῶτος, εἶτα Σάλβιος μετʼ ἐκεῖνον, εἶτα Ἀχιλλᾶς ἐσπάσαντο τὰς μαχαίρας.\nδὲ ταῖς χερσὶν ἀμφοτέραις τὴν τήβεννον ἐφελκυσάμενος κατὰ τοῦ προσώπου, μηδὲν εἰπὼν ἀνάξιον ἑαυτοῦ μηδὲ ποιήσας, ἀλλὰ στενάξας μόνον, ἐνεκαρτέρησε ταῖς πληγαῖς, ἑξήκοντα μὲν ἑνὸς δέοντα βεβιωκὼς ἔτη, μιᾷ δʼ ὕστερον ἡμέρᾳ τῆς γενεθλίου τελευτήσας τὸν βίον.",
      "translation": "As they drew near the land, Cornelia, deeply distressed, watched what would happen from the trireme with his friends. She began to take courage when she saw many of the king's people coming together at the landing place, apparently to honour and welcome him. At this moment, as Pompey took Philip's hand to rise more easily, Septimius was the first to pierce him from behind with his sword; next Salvius, and then Achillas, drew their blades. Pulling his toga over his face with both hands, Pompey said and did nothing unworthy of himself, but merely groaned and endured the blows. He had lived fifty-nine years and ended his life one day after his birthday.",
      "edition": "Plutarch Plutarch's Lives Bernadotte Perrin Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd. 1917 5 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"79\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"79\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "04a3ef5fd49224bfa956a457754498df065e14f487c99c5b5492b5f7e48dd30d",
      "original_sha256": "12efd1ad67c98a2f48ac3f308424fdea46cb5325e418fa06ad974ddcad1fd464",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-plutarch-pompey",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Later moral biography; dramatic speeches and ethical framing are literary constructions, not transcripts. The local section 79.4 begins δὲ without an expressed subject; English supplies Pompey from context. Age/birthday traditions need separate criticism. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-plutarch-pompey-80-1",
      "author": "Plutarch",
      "work": "Life of Pompey",
      "locus": "80.1",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "οἱ δʼ ἀπὸ τῶν νεῶν ὡς ἐθεάσαντο τὸν φόνον, οἰμωγὴν ἐξάκουστον ἄχρι τῆς γῆς ἐκχέαντες ἔφυγον, ἀράμενοι τὰς ἀγκύρας κατὰ τάχος, καὶ πνεῦμα λαμπρὸν ἐβοήθει πελαγίοις ὑπεκθέουσιν, ὥστε βουλομένους διώκειν ἀποτραπέσθαι τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους. τοῦ δὲ Πομπηΐου τὴν μὲν κεφαλὴν ἀποτέμνουσι, τὸ δὲ ἄλλο σῶμα γυμνὸν ἐκβαλόντες ἀπὸ τῆς ἁλιάδος τοῖς δεομένοις τοιούτου θεάματος ἀπέλιπον.",
      "translation": "When those on the ships saw the murder, they poured out a cry of grief audible as far as the shore and fled, quickly raising their anchors. A strong wind assisted them as they ran out to sea, so that the Egyptians who wished to pursue turned back. They cut off Pompey's head and threw the rest of his naked body out of the fishing boat, leaving it for those who desired such a spectacle.",
      "edition": "Plutarch Plutarch's Lives Bernadotte Perrin Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd. 1917 5 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"80\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "04a3ef5fd49224bfa956a457754498df065e14f487c99c5b5492b5f7e48dd30d",
      "original_sha256": "d4e1c76c70845489d9d5beddad99648c1351d3e7caa3e6ac748b3e5d406d05ac",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-plutarch-pompey",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Later moral biography; dramatic speeches and ethical framing are literary constructions, not transcripts. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-plutarch-pompey-80-5-6",
      "author": "Plutarch",
      "work": "Life of Pompey",
      "locus": "80.5–6",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "τοῦτο Πομπηΐου τέλος, οὐ πολλῷ δὲ ὕστερον Καῖσαρ ἐλθὼν εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἄγους τοσούτου καταπεπλησμένην τὸν μὲν προσφέροντα τὴν κεφαλὴν ὡς παλαμναῖον ἀπεστράφη, τὴν δὲ σφραγῖδα τοῦ Πομπηΐου δεξάμενος ἐδάκρυσεν ἦν δὲ γλυφὴ λέων ξιφήρης. Ἀχιλλᾶν δὲ καὶ Ποθεινὸν ἀπέσφαξεν αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς μάχῃ λειφθεὶς περὶ τὸν ποταμὸν ἠφανίσθη.\nΘεόδοτον δὲ τὸν σοφιστὴν ἡ μὲν ἐκ Καίσαρος δίκη παρῆλθε· φυγὼν γὰρ Αἴγυπτον ἐπλανᾶτο ταπεινὰ πράττων καὶ μισούμενος· Βροῦτος δὲ Μάρκος, ὅτε Καίσαρα κτείνας ἐκράτησεν, ἐξευρὼν αὐτὸν ἐν Ἀσίᾳ καὶ πᾶσαν αἰκίαν αἰκισάμενος ἀπέκτεινεν. τὰ δὲ λείψανα τοῦ Πομπηΐου Κορνηλία δεξαμένη κομισθέντα, περὶ τὸν Ἀλβανὸν ἔθηκεν.",
      "translation": "Such was Pompey's end. Not long afterwards Caesar came to Egypt, a land filled with the pollution of so great a crime. He turned away from the man offering the head as from a murderer, but accepted Pompey's seal and wept; its engraving was a lion holding a sword. He put Achillas and Pothinus to death, and the king himself, defeated in battle beside the river, disappeared. Theodotus the sophist escaped punishment from Caesar: he fled Egypt and wandered in obscurity, hated by all. But Marcus Brutus, after killing Caesar and gaining power, found him in Asia and killed him after subjecting him to every torture. Cornelia received Pompey's remains when they were brought to her, and placed them at his Alban estate.",
      "edition": "Plutarch Plutarch's Lives Bernadotte Perrin Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd. 1917 5 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"80\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"80\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "04a3ef5fd49224bfa956a457754498df065e14f487c99c5b5492b5f7e48dd30d",
      "original_sha256": "6840325986bc80b662d85ffb1db213098320300dd9f092da7d3403877dfc8dba",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-plutarch-pompey",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Later moral biography; dramatic speeches and ethical framing are literary constructions, not transcripts. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-plutarch-caesar-48-2",
      "author": "Plutarch",
      "work": "Life of Caesar",
      "locus": "48.2",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "εἴς δὲ Ἀλεξάνδρειαν ἐπὶ Πομπηΐῳ τεθνηκότι καταχθείς Θεόδοτον μὲν ἀπεστράφη τὴν Πομπηΐου κεφαλὴν προσφέροντα, τὴν δὲ σφραγῖδα δεξάμενος τοῦ ἀνδρὸς κατεδάκρυσεν ὅσοι δὲ τῶν ἑταίρων αὐτοῦ καὶ συνήθων πλανώμενοι κατὰ τὴν χώραν ἑαλώκεσαν ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως, πάντας εὐεργέτησε καὶ προσηγάγετο. τοῖς δὲ φίλοις εἴς Ῥώμην ἔγραφεν ὅτι τῆς νίκης ἀπολαύοι τοῦτο μέγιστον καὶ ἥδιστον, τὸ σῴζειν τινὰς ἀεὶ τῶν πεπολεμηκότων πολιτῶν αὐτῷ.",
      "translation": "Arriving in Alexandria after Pompey's death, Caesar turned away from Theodotus as he offered Pompey's head, but took the man's seal and shed tears. All Pompey's companions and associates who had been captured by the king while wandering in the country he treated kindly and won over. He wrote to his friends in Rome that the greatest and sweetest pleasure he enjoyed from his victory was continually saving some of the citizens who had fought against him.",
      "edition": "Plutarch Plutarch's Lives Bernadotte Perrin Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd. 1919 7 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"48\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg048/tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "90a5662394a8e562f0e3480e4dff7090e4e030605c9f60ee5c7ad39ada219769",
      "original_sha256": "ec1f692f1d4fcb46fd2d8008b76e45c071c23cd1a762d3f1036de4944b100ff3",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-plutarch-caesar",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Later moral biography; preserves attributed alternatives and anecdotal traditions. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-plutarch-caesar-49-1-3",
      "author": "Plutarch",
      "work": "Life of Caesar",
      "locus": "49.1–3",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "κἀκείνη παραλαβοῦσα τῶν φίλων Ἀπολλόδωρον τὸν Σικελιώτην μόνον, εἰς ἀκάτιον μικρὸν ἐμβᾶσα τοῖς μὲν βασιλείοις προσέσχεν ἤδη συσκοτάζοντος· ἀπόρου δὲ τοῦ λαθεῖν ὄντος ἄλλως, ἡ μὲν εἰς στρωματόδεσμον ἐνδῦσα προτείνει μακρὰν ἑαυτήν, ὁ δὲ Ἀπολλόδωρος ἱμάντι συνδήσας τὸν στρωματόδεσμον εἰσκομίζει διὰ θυρῶν πρὸς τὸν Καίσαρα,\nκαὶ τούτῳ τε πρώτῳ λέγεται τῷ τεχνήματι τῆς Κλεοπάτρας ἁλῶναι, λαμυρᾶς φανείσης, καὶ τῆς ἄλλης ὁμιλίας καὶ χάριτος ἥττων γενόμενος διαλλάξαι πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὡς συμβασιλεύσουσαν. ἔπειτα δʼ ἐν ταῖς διαλλαγαῖς ἑστιωμένων ἁπάντων οἰκέτης Καίσαρος κουρεύς, διὰ δειλίαν, ᾗ πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὑπερέβαλεν, οὐδὲν ἐῶν ἀνεξέταστον, ἀλλʼ ὠτακουστῶν καὶ πολυπραγμονῶν, συνῆκεν ἐπιβουλὴν Καίσαρι πραττομένην ὑπʼ Ἀχιλλᾶ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ καὶ Ποθεινοῦ τοῦ εὐνούχου.\nφωράσας δὲ ὁ Καῖσαρ φρουρὰν μὲν περιέστησε τῷ ἀνδρῶνι , τὸν δὲ Ποθεινὸν ἀνεῖλεν ὁ δὲ Ἀχιλλᾶς φυγὼν εἰς τὸ στρατόπεδον περιΐστησιν αὐτῷ βαρὺν καὶ δυσμεταχείριστον πόλεμον, ὀλιγοστῷ τοσαύτην ἀμυνομένῳ πόλιν καὶ δύναμιν. ἐν ᾧ πρῶτον μὲν ἐκινδύνευσεν ὕδατος ἀποκλεισθείς· αἱ γὰρ διώρυχες ἀπῳκοδομήθησαν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων δεύτερον δὲ περικοπτόμενος τὸν στόλον ἠναγκάσθη διὰ πυρὸς ἀπώσασθαι τὸν κίνδυνον, ὃ καὶ τὴν μεγάλην βιβλιοθήκην ἐκ τῶν νεωρίων ἐπινεμόμενον διέφθειρε·",
      "translation": "Taking only Apollodorus the Sicilian from among her friends, Cleopatra boarded a small boat and approached the palace when it was already growing dark. Since it was impossible to escape notice otherwise, she went into a bedding sack and stretched herself out lengthwise; Apollodorus bound the sack with a strap and carried it through the doors to Caesar. It is said that this was the first device by which Cleopatra captured him, appearing bold and playful; then, overcome by the charm of her further conversation and presence, he reconciled her with her brother so that they should rule together. Afterwards, while everyone was feasting to celebrate the reconciliation, Caesar's servant, a barber, through a cowardice surpassing everyone else's, left nothing uninvestigated: listening in and prying everywhere, he discovered a plot against Caesar by the general Achillas and the eunuch Pothinus. On discovering it, Caesar set a guard around the dining room and killed Pothinus. Achillas escaped to the camp and brought upon him a heavy and difficult war, since with very few men he had to defend himself against so great a city and force. In this war he first came into danger when cut off from water, for the enemies had blocked the channels; secondly, when his fleet was being cut off, he was compelled to repel the danger with fire, which spread from the dockyards and destroyed the great library.",
      "edition": "Plutarch Plutarch's Lives Bernadotte Perrin Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd. 1919 7 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"49\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"49\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"49\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg048/tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "90a5662394a8e562f0e3480e4dff7090e4e030605c9f60ee5c7ad39ada219769",
      "original_sha256": "e3be3ab01abab8731168bbf7ebedc7937468db2be2462e5b61500d1b4353ddc4",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-plutarch-caesar",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Later moral biography; preserves attributed alternatives and anecdotal traditions. στρωματόδεσμος is bedding sack/bundle, not necessarily a carpet. Library destruction is Plutarch testimony here, not adjudication of the separate historical debate. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-plutarch-caesar-49-4-5",
      "author": "Plutarch",
      "work": "Life of Caesar",
      "locus": "49.4–5",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "τρίτον δὲ περὶ τῇ Φάρῳ μάχης συνεστώσης κατεπήδησε μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ χώματος εἰς ἀκάτιον καὶ παρεβοήθει τοῖς ἀγωνιζομένοις, ἐπιπλεόντων δὲ πολλαχόθεν αὐτῷ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ῥίψας ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν ἀπενήξατο μόλις καὶ χαλεπῶς. ὅτε καὶ λέγεται βιβλίδια κρατῶν πολλὰ μὴ προέσθαι βαλλόμενος καὶ βαπτιζόμενος, ἀλλʼ ἀνέχων ὑπὲρ τῆς θαλάσσης τὰ βιβλίδια τῇ ἑτέρᾳ χειρὶ νήχεσθαι τὸ δὲ ἀκάτιον εὐθὺς ἐβυθίσθη.\nτέλος δέ, τοῦ βασιλέως πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους ἀποχωρήσαντος, ἐπελθὼν καὶ συνάψας μάχην ἐνίκησε, πολλῶν πεσόντων αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ βασιλέως ἀφανοῦς γενομένου, καταλιπὼν δὲ τὴν Κλεοπάτραν βασιλεύουσαν Αἰγύπτου καὶ μικρὸν ὕστερον ἐξ αὐτοῦ τεκοῦσαν υἱόν, ὃν Ἀλεξανδρεῖς Καισαρίωνα προσηγόρευον, ὥρμησεν ἐπὶ Συρίας.",
      "translation": "Thirdly, while a battle was taking place around Pharos, he jumped from the mole into a small boat and went to help those fighting. When Egyptians sailed against him from many directions, he threw himself into the sea and swam away with difficulty and barely escaped. At that time, it is said, though he held many little documents, he did not let them go as he was being shot at and submerged, but swam with the documents held above the sea in one hand. The small boat sank immediately. Finally, when the king had gone over to the enemy, Caesar advanced, joined battle, and won; many fell and the king himself disappeared. Leaving Cleopatra to rule Egypt—she shortly afterwards bore him a son whom the Alexandrians called Caesarion—he set out for Syria.",
      "edition": "Plutarch Plutarch's Lives Bernadotte Perrin Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd. 1919 7 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"49\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"49\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg048/tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "90a5662394a8e562f0e3480e4dff7090e4e030605c9f60ee5c7ad39ada219769",
      "original_sha256": "7f5de60d10ae09b29355129f51025afadbd4749343c3730ad59ec29e54553ef5",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-plutarch-caesar",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Later moral biography; preserves attributed alternatives and anecdotal traditions. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-dio-42-5-7",
      "author": "Cassius Dio",
      "work": "Roman History",
      "locus": "42.5.7",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "τῶν δὲ δὴ συμπλεόντων αὐτῷ οἱ μὲν αὐτίκα ἑάλωσαν οἱ δὲ καὶ ἔφυγον, ἄλλοι τε καὶ ὁ παῖς ἥ τε γυνὴ αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἡ μὲν καὶ ἐς τὴν Ῥώμην μετὰ ταῦτα ἀδείας τυχοῦσα ἀνεσώθη, ὁ δὲ δὴ Σέξτος ἐς τὴν Ἀφρικὴν πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν Γναῖον ἐκομίσθη· τούτοις γὰρ δὴ τοῖς ὀνόμασι διακεκρίδαται, ἐπειδὴ τὴν τοῦ Πομπηίου πρόσρησιν ἀμφότεροι εἶχον.",
      "translation": "Some of his fellow travellers were captured at once, while others escaped, among them his wife and son. His wife afterwards obtained pardon and returned safely to Rome; Sextus went to Africa to his brother Gnaeus. For these were the names by which they were distinguished, since both had the name Pompey.",
      "edition": "Dio's Roman History Cassius Dio Cocceianus Earnest Cary London William Heinemann New York, NY G. P. Putnam's Sons 1914-1917 3-6 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]/t:div[@n=\"7\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535",
      "original_sha256": "0f7a54c2196c35ef6f1ebb4abdb4f629bb10b75d0175cf42be3cfce787bb76f8",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-dio",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Third-century imperial senator and retrospective historian; hostile comments on motives are his interpretation. Local TEI editorial declaration warns of beta-code conversion errors. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-dio-42-8-1-3",
      "author": "Cassius Dio",
      "work": "Roman History",
      "locus": "42.8.1–3",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "ὁ δʼ οὖν Καῖσαρ τὴν τοῦ Πομπηίου κεφαλὴν ἰδὼν κατεδάκρυσε καὶ κατωλοφύρατο, πολίτην τε αὐτὸν καὶ γαμβρὸν ὀνομάζων, καὶ πάνθʼ ὅσα ποτὲ ἀλλήλοις ἀνθυπουργήκεσαν ἀναριθμούμενος. τοῖς τε ἀποκτείνασιν αὐτὸν οὐχ ὅπως εὐεργεσίαν τινὰ ὀφείλειν ἔφη, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπεκάλει, καὶ ἐκείνην κοσμῆσαί τε καὶ εὐθετῆσαι καὶ θάψαι τισὶν\nἐκέλευσε. καὶ ἐπὶ μὲν τούτῳ ἔπαινον ἔσχεν, ἐπὶ δὲ δὴ τῇ προσποιήσει γέλωτα ὠφλίσκανε· τῆς γὰρ δυναστείας δεινῶς ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς ἐφιέμενος, καὶ ἐκεῖνον καὶ ὡς ἀνταγωνιστὴν καὶ ὡς ἀντίπαλον ἀεί ποτε μισήσας, καὶ τά τε ἄλλα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ\nπάντα πράξας καὶ τὸν πόλεμον τόνδε οὐκ ἐπʼ ἄλλο τι παρασκευάσας ἢ ἵνα ἀπολομένου αὐτοῦ πρωτεύσῃ, τότε τε ἐς τὴν Αἴγυπτον οὐ διʼ ἄλλο τι ἐπειχθεὶς ἢ ἵνα αὐτόν, εἰ περιείη, προσκατεργάσαιτο, ποθεῖν τε αὐτὸν ἐπλάττετο καὶ ἀγανακτεῖν τῷ ὀλέθρῳ αὐτοῦ ἐσκήπτετο.",
      "translation": "Caesar, then, on seeing Pompey's head shed tears and lamented, calling him a fellow citizen and son-in-law and recounting all the services they had once rendered each other. Far from saying that he owed any favour to those who had killed him, he reproached them, and ordered certain persons to adorn the head, lay it out properly, and bury it. For this he earned praise; but for his pretence he incurred ridicule. For he had been intensely desirous of sole power from the beginning and had always hated Pompey as both competitor and rival; he had done everything else against him and prepared this war for no other purpose than to gain the first place through Pompey's destruction. He had then hastened to Egypt for no other reason than to finish Pompey off if he survived; yet he pretended to miss him and made a show of indignation at his death.",
      "edition": "Dio's Roman History Cassius Dio Cocceianus Earnest Cary London William Heinemann New York, NY G. P. Putnam's Sons 1914-1917 3-6 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535",
      "original_sha256": "6ff129cac5f222d4abf57e0ba811bfe799889cf94d1ee2a9e12233e5d67fb056",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-dio",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Third-century imperial senator and retrospective historian; hostile comments on motives are his interpretation. Local TEI editorial declaration warns of beta-code conversion errors. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-dio-42-40-1",
      "author": "Cassius Dio",
      "work": "Roman History",
      "locus": "42.40.1",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "προϊόντος δὲ τοῦ χρόνου στάσις τοῖς περὶ τὴν Ἀρσινόην οὖσιν ἐνέπεσε, καὶ αὐτὴν ὁ Γανυμήδης ἔπεισε τὸν Ἀχιλλᾶν ὡς καὶ τὸ ναυτικὸν προδώσοντα ἀποκτεῖναι. γενομένου δὲ τούτου τήν τε ἡγεμονίαν τῶν στρατιωτῶν παρέλαβε, καὶ τὰ πλοῖα ὅσα ἐν τῷ ποταμῷ καὶ ἐν τῇ λίμνῃ",
      "translation": "As time passed, a factional quarrel broke out among those around Arsinoe, and Ganymedes persuaded her to kill Achillas on the grounds that he too would betray the fleet. When this had happened, Ganymedes took over command of the soldiers and [gathered] the ships which were in the river and the lake…",
      "edition": "Dio's Roman History Cassius Dio Cocceianus Earnest Cary London William Heinemann New York, NY G. P. Putnam's Sons 1914-1917 3-6 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"40\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535",
      "original_sha256": "fa5352f71280d46492631cf3bf05d911e7e2267f3ee0d173664e90361ff8283f",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-dio",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Third-century imperial senator and retrospective historian; hostile comments on motives are his interpretation. Local TEI editorial declaration warns of beta-code conversion errors. The TEI section ends mid-sentence; bracketed gathered anticipates the finite verb at 42.40.2, and the ellipsis marks the excerpt boundary. No unmarked Greek word supplied. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-dio-42-43-4",
      "author": "Cassius Dio",
      "work": "Roman History",
      "locus": "42.43.4",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "καὶ ἐπικηρυκεύσασθαι, καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο (τὴν γὰρ ἱκετείαν αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐδέξατὀ μάχῃ τε ὀξείᾳ κατεκράτησε καὶ παμπληθεῖς ἐφόνευσε· καί τινες καὶ ἐν τῷ ποταμῷ μετὰ τοῦ Πτολεμαίου, σπουδῇ διʼ αὐτοῦ φυγόντες, ἐφθάρησαν.",
      "translation": "…and [they were so terrified as] even to send envoys seeking terms. After that—for he did not accept their supplication—he defeated them in a sharp battle and killed enormous numbers; some also perished in the river together with Ptolemy when they hurried to flee across it.",
      "edition": "Dio's Roman History Cassius Dio Cocceianus Earnest Cary London William Heinemann New York, NY G. P. Putnam's Sons 1914-1917 3-6 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"43\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535",
      "original_sha256": "284c8f2e08778e5f855d3b1a2bc5e1a04c1769ca8575cf15cc90a0196be57ccb",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-dio",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Third-century imperial senator and retrospective historian; hostile comments on motives are his interpretation. Local TEI editorial declaration warns of beta-code conversion errors. Section begins mid-sentence; supplied framing translates the preceding clause context but is bracketed. This section avoids visibly corrupt πῥ??ʼ in 42.43.3. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-dio-42-44",
      "author": "Cassius Dio",
      "work": "Roman History",
      "locus": "42.44.1–4",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "οὕτω μὲν τὴν Αἴγυπτον ὁ Καῖσαρ ἐχειρώσατο, οὐ μέντοι καὶ ὑπήκοον αὐτὴν τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐποιήσατο, ἀλλὰ τῇ Κλεοπάτρᾳ, ἧσπερ ἕνεκα καὶ ἐπεπολεμήκει, ἐχαρίσατο. φοβηθεὶς μέντοι μὴ οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι νεωτερίσωσιν αὖθις γυναικὶ ἄρχειν παραδοθέντες, καὶ οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι διά τε τοῦτο καὶ ὅτι καὶ συνῆν αὐτῷ χαλεπήνωσι, τῷ τε ἑτέρῳ ἀδελφῷ συνοικῆσαι δῆθεν αὐτὴν ἐκέλευσε, καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν ἀμφοτέροις σφίσιν, ὥς γε καὶ λόγῳ εἰπεῖν, ἔδωκε. τῷ γὰρ ἔργῳ ἡ Κλεοπάτρα μόνη πᾶν τὸ κράτος σχήσειν ἔμελλεν· ὅ τε γὰρ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς παιδίον ἔτι ἦν, καὶ ἐκείνη πρὸς τὴν παρὰ τοῦ Καίσαρος εὔνοιαν οὐδὲν ὅ τι οὐκ ἐδύνατο, ὥστε πρόσχημα μὲν ὡς καὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ συνοικοῦσα καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐπίκοινον αὐτῷ ἔχουσα ἐκέκτητο, τὸ δʼ ἀληθὲς μόνη τε ἐβασίλευε καὶ τῷ Καίσαρι συνδιῃτᾶτο.",
      "translation": "Thus Caesar subdued Egypt, but he did not make it subject to the Romans; instead he gave it to Cleopatra, on whose account he had also fought. Fearing, however, that the Egyptians might revolt again if handed over to a woman to rule, and that the Romans might be angry both for this reason and because she was living with him, he ordered her to live, ostensibly as wife, with the other brother, and gave the kingship to both of them—at least in words. For in fact Cleopatra alone was to hold all the power: her husband was still a child, and through Caesar's favour there was nothing she could not do. She therefore had the pretext of living with her brother and sharing the rule with him, but in truth she ruled alone and lived with Caesar.",
      "edition": "Dio's Roman History Cassius Dio Cocceianus Earnest Cary London William Heinemann New York, NY G. P. Putnam's Sons 1914-1917 3-6 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"44\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535",
      "original_sha256": "775a922e2f6dc9577f370a26422730f55eeff54037b8e535cc79b2feb7c36768",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-dio",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Third-century imperial senator and retrospective historian; hostile comments on motives are his interpretation. Local TEI editorial declaration warns of beta-code conversion errors. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-appian-bc-5-69",
      "author": "Appian",
      "work": "Civil Wars",
      "locus": "5.69",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "ὁ δʼ Ἀντώνιος ἐδίδασκε τοὺς Λίβωνος οἰκείους Λίβωνα καλεῖν ἐκ Σικελίας ἐπὶ συνησθήσει τοῦ κήδους, ἐργασόμενόν τι καὶ μεῖζον· τὸ δʼ ἀσφαλὲς τῷ Λίβωνι ἀνεδέχετο αὐτός. οἱ μὲν δὴ ταχέως ἐπέστελλον, καὶ ὁ Πομπήιος τῷ Λίβωνι συνεχώρει. ἀφικόμενος δὲ ὁ Λίβων ἐς νῆσον ὡρμίσθη τὰς Πιθηκούσας, ἣ νῦν ἐστιν Αἰναρία. καὶ μαθὼν ὁ δῆμος αὖθις ἠθροίζετο καὶ παρεκάλει σὺν ὀλοφύρσει τὸν Καίσαρα πέμψαι Λίβωνι πίστιν, πρεσβεύειν ἐθέλοντι πρὸς αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ εἰρήνης. καὶ ὁ μὲν ἄκων ἔπεμπεν, ὁ δὲ δῆμος καὶ Μουκίαν, τὴν μητέρα τοῦ Πομπηίου, καταπρήσειν ἀπειλοῦντες, ἐξέπεμπον ἐργασομένην διαλύσεις. Λίβων μὲν δὴ συνεὶς τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἐνδιδόντων ἠξίου τοὺς ἡγεμόνας αὐτοὺς συνελθεῖν ὡς ἀλλήλοις ἐνδώσοντας, ὅ τι ἂν δοκῇ· βιασαμένου δὲ καὶ ἐς τοῦτο τοῦ δήμου, ἐξῄεσαν ἐς Βαΐας ὁ Καῖσαρ καὶ ὁ Ἀντώνιος.",
      "translation": "Antony instructed Libo's relatives to summon Libo from Sicily to rejoice in the marriage alliance and accomplish something greater too; he himself undertook to guarantee Libo's safety. They quickly sent word and Pompey consented to Libo's journey. On arriving, Libo anchored at the island Pithecussae, now called Aenaria. When the people learned this, they again assembled and with lamentation urged Caesar to send a pledge to Libo, who was willing to come as an envoy to him about peace. Caesar sent it unwillingly; and the people also sent out Mucia, Pompey's mother, to effect a reconciliation, threatening to burn her. Libo, perceiving that his enemies were giving way, asked for the leaders themselves to meet, since they would yield to each other whatever they agreed. Under popular pressure in this too, Caesar and Antony went out to Baiae.",
      "edition": "Appian of Alexandria Appiani Historia Romana Ludwig Mendelssohn Leipzig Teubner 1881 2 HathiTrust",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]//t:div[@subtype=\"section\"][@n=\"69\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0551/tlg017/tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "df731e36850fd93ccbe8b34cd47967a67287336593acc4144b9226b35bd7c8e6",
      "original_sha256": "05be19c925540d76b6de9e5cf04d54b4d3f270a52d3b3e6beb133ef90594081b",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-appian",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Ancient text and printed edition are public domain by age; no explicit licence declaration found in this TEI header. Repository attribution retained."
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Second-century retrospective history; distinguishes some competing reports, but age and chronology need criticism. Greek κατέπρησειν here says threaten to burn her; conventional translations render threaten to burn her house. Close translation preserves literal object and records this interpretive ambiguity. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-appian-bc-5-144",
      "author": "Appian",
      "work": "Civil Wars",
      "locus": "5.144",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "καὶ Πομπήιος μὲν τοιόσδε γενόμενος ἑαλώκει, Τίτιος δὲ τὸν μὲν στρατὸν αὐτοῦ μετεστράτευσεν Ἀντωνίῳ, αὐτὸν δὲ Πομπήιον, τεσσαρακοστὸν ἔτος βιοῦντα, ἐν Μιλήτῳ κατέκανεν, εἴτε διʼ αὑτοῦ, μηνίων ἄρα τῆς ποτὲ ὕβρεως καὶ ἀχάριστος ἐς τὴν ἔπειτα εὐεργεσίαν γενόμενος, εἴτε καὶ ἐπιστείλαντος Ἀντωνίου. εἰσὶ δʼ οἱ Πλάγκον, οὐκ Ἀντώνιον λέγοντες ἐπιστεῖλαι, καὶ νομίζουσιν ἄρχοντα Συρίας, καὶ ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς ἐπιτετραμμένον ἐς τὰ ἐπείγοντα ἐπιγράφειν τὸν Ἀντώνιον καὶ τῇ σφραγῖδι χρῆσθαι. καὶ Πλάγκον δὲ γράψαι νομίζουσιν οἱ μὲν συνειδότος Ἀντωνίου καὶ αἰδουμένου γράψαι διὰ ὄνομα τοῦ Πομπηίου καὶ διὰ Κλεοπάτραν, εὔνως ἔχουσαν τῷ Πομπηίῳ διὰ τὸν πατέρα Μάγνον, οἱ δὲ αὑτὸν ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ Πλάγκον, τάδε αὐτὰ συνιδόντα καὶ φυλαξάμενον, μὴ τὴν αἰσίαν Ἀντωνίου καὶ Καίσαρος ἐς ἀλλήλους αἰδῶ Πομπήιος καὶ Κλεοπάτρα Πομπηίῳ συνεργοῦσα ἀνατράψαιεν.",
      "translation": "After a career of this kind Pompey had been captured. Titius transferred his army to Antony's service, and killed Pompey himself at Miletus while he was living his fortieth year. He acted either on his own account, angry at a former insult and ungrateful for the later kindness, or on Antony's written orders. Some say that Plancus, not Antony, gave the written order: they think that, as governor of Syria, he had been authorized in urgent matters to sign Antony's name to letters and use his seal. Of those who think Plancus wrote it, some believe Antony knew but was ashamed to write because of Pompey's name, and because Cleopatra was kindly disposed to him on account of his father Magnus. Others think Plancus wrote on his own authority, considering these same facts and guarding against the possibility that Pompey and Cleopatra, helping Pompey, might upset the harmonious respect between Antony and Caesar.",
      "edition": "Appian of Alexandria Appiani Historia Romana Ludwig Mendelssohn Leipzig Teubner 1881 2 HathiTrust",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]//t:div[@subtype=\"section\"][@n=\"144\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0551/tlg017/tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "df731e36850fd93ccbe8b34cd47967a67287336593acc4144b9226b35bd7c8e6",
      "original_sha256": "0f12b861d10791a5c8552e9c7df10102c2448f5fb384fcef322ebd14fe721f22",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-appian",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Ancient text and printed edition are public domain by age; no explicit licence declaration found in this TEI header. Repository attribution retained."
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Second-century retrospective history; distinguishes some competing reports, but age and chronology need criticism. Caesar here is Octavian. Ancient reports of age conflict with other youth/chronology implications; the text attests Appian statement, not a verified birth date. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-suetonius-julius-64",
      "author": "Suetonius",
      "work": "Divus Julius",
      "locus": "64",
      "language": "Latin",
      "original": "Alexandriae circa oppugnationem pontis eruptione hostium subita conpulsus in scapham pluribus eodem praecipitantibus, cum desilisset in mare, nando per ducentos passus euasit ad proximam nauem, elata laeua, ne libelli quos tenebat madefierent, paludamentum mordicus trahens, ne spolio poteretur hostis.",
      "translation": "At Alexandria, during the attack on the bridge, a sudden sortie by the enemy forced him into a small boat. As many others rushed into the same boat, he jumped into the sea and escaped by swimming two hundred paces to the nearest ship, holding his left hand high so that the documents he carried would not become wet, and dragging his military cloak in his teeth so that the enemy should not gain it as spoil.",
      "edition": "De Vita Caesarum Libri VIII C. Suetonius Tranquillus Maximilian Ihm Leipzig Teubner 1908 HathiTrust",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"64\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "fa3f094d13f07f591d56a7f088e835a608f2921d2fe72c373f080337bf53fc5f",
      "original_sha256": "9181481e821b06f8b61744122418a326d2b0054b885fd72434078748dc4e7f22",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-suetonius",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Imperial biography arranged by topics; includes gossip, polemic, and explicitly attributed competing reports. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-suetonius-julius-54",
      "author": "Suetonius",
      "work": "Divus Julius",
      "locus": "54",
      "language": "Latin",
      "original": "abstinentiam neque in imperiis neque in magistratibus praestitit. ut enim quidam monumentis suis testati sunt, in Hispania pro consule et a sociis pecunias accepit emendicatas in auxilium aeris alieni et Lusitanorum quaedam oppida, quanquam nec imperata detrectarent et aduenienti portas patefacerent, diripuit hostiliter. in Gallia fana templaque deum donis referta expilauit, urbes diruit saepius ob praedam quam ob delictum; unde factum, ut auro abundaret ternisque milibus nummum in libras promercale per Italiam prouinciasque diuenderet. in primo consulatu tria milia pondo auri furatus e Capitolio tantundem inaurati aeris reposuit. societates ac regna pretio dedit, ut qui uni Ptolemaeo prope sex milia talentorum suo Pompeique nomine abstulerit. postea uero euidentissimis rapinis ac sacrilegis et onera bellorum ciuilium et triumphorum ac munerum sustinuit impendia.",
      "translation": "He showed no restraint either in military commands or civil offices. For, as some have testified in their writings, in Spain as proconsul he took money begged from the allies to relieve his debts, and plundered some Lusitanian towns as enemies, although they did not refuse his orders and opened their gates at his arrival. In Gaul he robbed shrines and temples of the gods full of offerings, and destroyed cities more often for loot than for wrongdoing. Hence he had gold in abundance and sold it commercially throughout Italy and the provinces at three thousand sesterces a pound. In his first consulship he stole three thousand pounds of gold from the Capitol and replaced it with the same amount of gilded bronze. He sold alliances and kingdoms for a price, as one who had taken nearly six thousand talents from Ptolemy alone in his own and Pompey's names. Afterwards, by the most flagrant plunder and sacrilege, he sustained the expenses of civil wars, triumphs, and entertainments.",
      "edition": "De Vita Caesarum Libri VIII C. Suetonius Tranquillus Maximilian Ihm Leipzig Teubner 1908 HathiTrust",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"54\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "fa3f094d13f07f591d56a7f088e835a608f2921d2fe72c373f080337bf53fc5f",
      "original_sha256": "cea407c4e10569717a0c1c4ff36b965943d8c97d25935ddf2a185cf80b88f56a",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-suetonius",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Imperial biography arranged by topics; includes gossip, polemic, and explicitly attributed competing reports. Suetonius transmits accusations, some explicitly attributed to unnamed written witnesses. These allegations are not all independently verified by this excerpt. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-lucan-8-618-636",
      "author": "Lucan",
      "work": "Civil War / Pharsalia",
      "locus": "8.618–636",
      "language": "Latin",
      "original": "At postquam mucrone latus funestus Achillas\nPerfodit, nullo gemitu consensit ad ictum,\nDespexitque nefas, servatque immobile corpus,\nSeque probat moriens, atque haec in pectore volvit:\nSaecula Romanos numquam tacitura labores\nAttendunt, aevumque sequens speculatur ab omni\nOrbe ratem, Phariamque fidem. Nunc consule famae.\nFata tibi longae fluxerunt prospera vitae:\nIgnorant populi, si non in morte probaris,\nAn scieris adversa pati. Ne cede pudori,\nAuctoremque dole fati. Quacumque feriris,\nCrede manum soceri. Spargant lacerentque licebit,\nSum tamen, o superi, felix, nullique potestas\nHoc auferre deo. Mutantur prospera vitae:\nNon fit morte miser. Videt hanc Cornelia caedem,\nPompeiusque meus. Tanto patientius, oro,\nClaude, dolor, gemitus: natus coniuxque, peremptum\nSi mirantur, amant. Talis custodia Magno\nMentis erat: ius hoc animi morientis habebat.",
      "translation": "But after murderous Achillas pierced his side with the sword-point, he assented to the stroke with no groan, despised the crime, and kept his body motionless; dying, he proved himself, and turned these thoughts in his breast: “The ages that will never cease speaking of Roman sufferings are watching, and the coming age surveys from all the world this boat and Egyptian fidelity. Now take thought for your fame. The fates of a long life have flowed favourably for you; the peoples do not know, unless you prove it in death, whether you knew how to bear adversity. Do not yield to shame, and grieve for the author of your fate. By whatever hand you are struck, believe it your father-in-law's hand. They may scatter and tear me: nevertheless, gods above, I am fortunate, and no god has power to take this away. Life's prosperity changes; death does not make a man miserable. Cornelia and my Pompey see this slaughter. All the more patiently, I beg you, pain, restrain your groans: if son and wife admire me slain, they love me.” Such was Magnus' guardianship over his mind; he possessed this mastery of spirit as he died.",
      "edition": "Pharsaliae Libri X M. Annaeus Lucanus Karl Hermann Weise Leipzig G. Bassus 1835 HathiTrust",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:latinLit:phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2",
        "xpath": [
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          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"620\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"621\"]",
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          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"623\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"624\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"625\"]",
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          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"632\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"633\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"634\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"635\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"8\"]/t:l[@n=\"636\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0917/phi001/phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_filename": "phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "bf46886669ee04025554786901a665846e05f3dab8d2b6e64468995b18330e27",
      "original_sha256": "5212bc920ad086a7344d528d27f46890b5876b847a1dd0a3ce402a102d42ae4a",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-lucan",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Ancient text and printed edition are public domain by age; no explicit licence declaration found in this TEI header. Repository attribution retained."
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Neronian historical epic, hostile to Caesar and monarchy; imagined inward speeches and emotional scenes are poetry, not independent reportage. Imagined inward speech is an epic construction. Local Latin consensit is retained and translated literally; no unmarked substitution of concessit. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-lucan-10-53-75",
      "author": "Lucan",
      "work": "Civil War / Pharsalia",
      "locus": "10.53–75",
      "language": "Latin",
      "original": "Iam, Pelusiaco veniens a gurgite Nili,\nRex puer imbellis populi sedaverat iras;\nObside quo pacis Pellaea tutus in aula\nCaesar erat: cum se parva Cleopatra biremi,\nCorrupto custode Phari laxare catenas,\nIntulit Emathiis, ignaro Caesare, tectis;\nDedecus Aegypti, Latii feralis Erinnys,\nRomano non casta malo. Quantum impulit Argos\nIliacasque domos facie Spartana nocenti,\nHesperios auxit tantum Cleopatra furores.\nTerruit illa suo, si fas, Capitolia sistro,\nEt Romana petit imbelli signa Canopo,\nCaesare captivo Pharios ductura triumphos:\nLeucadioque fuit dubius sub gurgite casus,\nAn mundum ne nostra quidem matrona teneret.\nHoc animi nox illa dedit, quae prima cubili\nMiscuit incestam ducibus Ptolemaida nostris.\nQuis tibi vesani veniam non donet amoris,\nAntoni, durum cum Caesaris hauserit ignes\nPectus, et in media rabie, medioque furore,\nEt Pompeianis habitata manibus aula,\nSanguine Thessalicae cladis perfusus adulter\nAdmisit Venerem curis, et miscuit armis",
      "translation": "Now, coming from the Pelusian mouth of the Nile, the boy king had quieted the people's anger; with him as pledge of peace Caesar was safe in the Macedonian palace, when Cleopatra, in a small two-banked ship, after bribing the guardian of Pharos to loosen the chains, brought herself into the Emathian halls without Caesar's knowledge—Egypt's disgrace, the deadly Fury of Latium, unchaste to Rome's harm. As much as the Spartan woman with her ruinous beauty drove Argos and the houses of Ilium, so much did Cleopatra increase Italy's madness. She terrified our Capitol with her sistrum—if one may say it—and from unwarlike Canopus sought Roman standards, intending to lead Egyptian triumphs with Caesar captive. And beneath the Leucadian waters the issue was uncertain: might a woman not even Roman hold the world? That night first gave her this boldness, the night that mingled the incestuous Ptolemaic woman in bed with our generals. Who would not forgive you your mad love, Antony, when Caesar's hard breast drank in those fires, and in the midst of madness, in the midst of fury, in a palace inhabited by Pompey's ghost, the adulterer drenched with the blood of the Thessalian slaughter admitted Venus among his concerns and mingled her with weapons…",
      "edition": "Pharsaliae Libri X M. Annaeus Lucanus Karl Hermann Weise Leipzig G. Bassus 1835 HathiTrust",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:latinLit:phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2",
        "xpath": [
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          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"55\"]",
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          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"58\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"59\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"60\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"61\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"62\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"63\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"64\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"65\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"66\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"67\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"68\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"69\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"70\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"71\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"72\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"73\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"74\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"10\"]/t:l[@n=\"75\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0917/phi001/phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_filename": "phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "bf46886669ee04025554786901a665846e05f3dab8d2b6e64468995b18330e27",
      "original_sha256": "fcf34daa0cb9093828a95c18a603cad681589d210d0552704e61ca32c192f96d",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-lucan",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Ancient text and printed edition are public domain by age; no explicit licence declaration found in this TEI header. Repository attribution retained."
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Neronian historical epic, hostile to Caesar and monarchy; imagined inward speeches and emotional scenes are poetry, not independent reportage. Emathian/Macedonian are poetic labels for the Ptolemaic dynasty/palace. Leucadian waters anticipate Actium. Translation ends at chosen line boundary; syntax continues at line 76. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-suetonius-julius-37-2",
      "author": "Suetonius",
      "work": "Divus Julius",
      "locus": "37.2",
      "language": "Latin",
      "original": "Gallici triumphi die Velabrum praeteruehens paene curru excussus est axe diffracto ascenditque Capitolium ad lumina quadraginta elephantis dextra sinistraque lychnuchos gestantibus. Pontico triumpho inter pompae fercula trium uerborum praetulit titulum veni · vidi · vici non acta belli significantem sicut ceteris, sed celeriter confecti notam.",
      "translation": "On the day of the Gallic triumph, as he passed through the Velabrum, he was nearly thrown from his chariot when the axle broke; and he ascended the Capitol by torchlight, with forty elephants carrying lampstands to right and left. In his Pontic triumph, among the objects borne in the procession, he displayed an inscription of three words, “I came; I saw; I conquered,” signifying not the deeds of the war, as the other inscriptions did, but the mark of its swift completion.",
      "edition": "De Vita Caesarum Libri VIII C. Suetonius Tranquillus Maximilian Ihm Leipzig Teubner 1908 HathiTrust",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"37\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "fa3f094d13f07f591d56a7f088e835a608f2921d2fe72c373f080337bf53fc5f",
      "original_sha256": "d82f3732e2b086df047f1317b0306b817d164603b5bb35ef1e92dff5fa62bfe5",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-suetonius",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Imperial biography arranged by topics; includes gossip, polemic, and explicitly attributed competing reports. This passage attests the triumph inscription and its interpretation; it does not itself assert the words were first uttered only at that procession. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-suetonius-julius-52-1-2",
      "author": "Suetonius",
      "work": "Divus Julius",
      "locus": "52.1–2",
      "language": "Latin",
      "original": "dilexit et reginas, inter quas Eunoen Mauram Bogudis uxorem, cui maritoque eius plurima et immensa tribuit, ut Naso scripsit; sed maxime Cleopatram, cum qua et conuiuia in primam lucem saepe protraxit et eadem naue thalamego paene Aethiopia tenus Aegyptum penetrauit, nisi exercitus sequi recusasset, quam denique accitam in urbem non nisi maximis honoribus praemiisque auctam remisit filiumque natum appellare nomine suo passus est.\nquem quidem nonnulli Graecorum similem quoque Caesari et forma et incessu tradiderunt. M. Antonius adgnitum etiam ab eo senatui adfirmauit, quae scire C. Matium et C. Oppium reliquosque Caesaris amicos; quorum Gaius Oppius, quasi plane defensione ac patrocinio res egeret, librum edidit, non esse Caesaris filium, quem Cleopatra dicat.",
      "translation": "He loved queens too, among them Eunoe the Moorish woman, wife of Bogud, to whom and to her husband he gave very many immense gifts, as Naso wrote; but most of all Cleopatra. With her he often prolonged banquets until the first light, and would have travelled through Egypt in the same cabin barge almost as far as Ethiopia, had the army not refused to follow. Finally, after summoning her to Rome, he sent her away only after enriching her with the greatest honours and gifts, and allowed her to give the son she had borne his name. Some of the Greeks also reported that this son resembled Caesar in appearance and gait. Marcus Antony assured the senate that the boy had even been acknowledged by Caesar, and that Gaius Matius, Gaius Oppius, and Caesar's other friends knew this. Gaius Oppius, one of these, as though the matter plainly needed a defence and an advocate, published a book saying that the son whom Cleopatra claimed was not Caesar's.",
      "edition": "De Vita Caesarum Libri VIII C. Suetonius Tranquillus Maximilian Ihm Leipzig Teubner 1908 HathiTrust",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"52\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"52\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_filename": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "fa3f094d13f07f591d56a7f088e835a608f2921d2fe72c373f080337bf53fc5f",
      "original_sha256": "dac7e4348d29bb3c8b32c27498fd5c6bf66b00a09d1308ec9f363be6c53601de",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-suetonius",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Imperial biography arranged by topics; includes gossip, polemic, and explicitly attributed competing reports. The counterfactual extent of the Nile excursion must not be converted into an actual arrival in Ethiopia. Naso, unnamed Greek writers, Antony, and Oppius are different reported authorities; their claims are not independently verified here. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-anonymous-alexandrian-war-4",
      "author": "Anonymous Caesarian continuator",
      "work": "Bellum Alexandrinum",
      "locus": "4",
      "language": "Latin",
      "original": "[4] Interim dissensione orta inter Achillan, qui veterano exercitui praeerat, et Arsinoen, regis Ptolomaei minorem filiam, ut supra demonstratum est, cum uterque utrique insidiaretur et summam imperi ipse obtinere vellet, praeoccupat Arsinoe per Ganymeden eunuchum, nutricium suum, atque Achillan interficit. Hoc occiso sine ullo socio et custode ipsa omne imperium obtinebat; exercitus Ganymedi traditur. Is suscepto officio largitionem in militem auget; reliqua pari diligentia administrat.",
      "translation": "Meanwhile, a quarrel having arisen between Achillas, who commanded the veteran army, and Arsinoe, King Ptolemy's younger daughter, as was explained above, while each plotted against the other and wished to hold supreme power himself, Arsinoe forestalled him through the eunuch Ganymedes, her guardian, and killed Achillas. After he had been killed, she herself held all power without any partner or guardian; the army was handed over to Ganymedes. Having undertaken the office, he increased the gifts to the soldiers and managed the remaining affairs with equal care.",
      "edition": "The Latin Library, published HTML reading text; critical-edition basis unspecified, not a canonical TEI edition.",
      "source_locator": "Anonymous, Bellum Alexandrinum 4; The Latin Library, chapter 4.",
      "source_url": "https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/caesar/alex.shtml#4",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-bellum-alexandrinum-latinlibrary",
      "rights": "Public-domain ancient reading text; contemporary source attribution retained.",
      "limitation": "Pro-Caesarian narrative in the Caesarian corpus, author uncertain; must not be called Caesar's own writing. The displayed Latin agrees with the linked published reading text. This is a chapter-based reading-text quotation, not a critical collation or canonical TEI extraction; the English translation is newly authored."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-dio-42-35-2-4",
      "author": "Cassius Dio",
      "work": "Roman History",
      "locus": "42.35.2–4",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "ὁ οὖν παῖς, διά τε τοῦτο καὶ ὅτι τὴν ἀδελφὴν αἰφνιδίως εἶδεν ἔνδον οὖσαν, ὀργῆς τε ἐπληρώθη, καὶ ἐκπηδήσας ἐς τὸ πλῆθος ἐβόα λέγων προδίδοσθαι, καὶ τέλος τὸ διάδημα ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς περισπάσας ἔρριψε. θορύβου δὲ ἐπὶ τούτῳ μεγάλου συμβάντος ἐκεῖνον μὲν οἱ Καισάρειοι στρατιῶται συνήρπασαν, τὸ δὲ δὴ Αἰγύπτιον\nἐταράττετο· κἂν αὐτοβοεὶ τὰ βασίλεια καὶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης ἅμα προσβαλόντες εἷλον (τοῖς γὰρ Ῥωμαίοις οὐδὲν ἀξιόμαχον, ἅτε καὶ φίλων σφῶν δοκούντων εἶναι, παρῆνʼ, εἰ μὴ φοβηθεὶς ὁ Καῖσαρ προῆλθέ τε ἐς αὐτούς, καὶ ἐν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ στὰς πάντα σφίσιν, ὅσα ἂν ἐθελήσωσι,\nπράξειν ὑπέσχετο. καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο ἐς ἐκκλησίαν ἐσελθὼν τόν τε Πτολεμαῖον καὶ τὴν Κλεοπάτραν παρεστήσατο, καὶ τὰς διαθήκας τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῶν ἀνέγνω, ἐν αἷς ἐκείνους μὲν συνοικῆσαί τε ἀλλήλοις κατὰ τὰ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων πάτρια καὶ βασιλεύειν ἅμα, τὸν δὲ δὴ τῶν Ῥωμαίων δῆμον τὴν ἐπιτροπείαν σφῶν ἔχειν ἐγέγραπτο.",
      "translation": "The boy, therefore, both for this reason and because he had unexpectedly seen his sister inside, was filled with anger. Rushing out among the crowd, he cried that he was being betrayed, and at last, tearing the diadem from his head, he threw it away. When a great disturbance arose over this, Caesar's soldiers seized him, while the Egyptian populace remained in turmoil. They would have taken the palace at the first shout, attacking it simultaneously from land and sea—for the Romans had no adequate fighting force at hand, since the Egyptians were thought to be friendly to them—if Caesar had not become afraid, gone out before them, and, standing in a safe place, promised to do for them whatever they wished. After this he entered an assembly, brought Ptolemy and Cleopatra before it, and read their father's will. In it, it had been written that they were to live together with one another according to the ancestral customs of the Egyptians and rule together, and that the Roman people were to have guardianship over them.",
      "edition": "Dio's Roman History Cassius Dio Cocceianus Earnest Cary London William Heinemann New York, NY G. P. Putnam's Sons 1914-1917 3-6 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
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        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"35\"]/t:div[@n=\"2\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"35\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"35\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535",
      "original_sha256": "3236047e9c8147519cbd54cf33ee80fa4c441c7987affac488eb4123a9aa4d76",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-dio",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Third-century imperial senator and retrospective historian; hostile comments on motives are his interpretation. Local TEI editorial declaration warns of beta-code conversion errors. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers. This window challenges a simple inference that youth entails political passivity: Dio narrates a public initiative by the boy. The local TEI section boundaries split sentences; sections 2–4 are retained together to avoid translating a hanging final clause. The opening \"this reason\" refers to Caesar acting as Cleopatra's advocate in 42.35.1. \"At the first shout\" closely renders autoboēi; Cary translates the military result as taking the palace without a blow. Public initiative here does not authenticate the opera's erotic cruelty."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-dio-42-34-1-to-35-1",
      "author": "Cassius Dio",
      "work": "Roman History",
      "locus": "42.34.1–35.1",
      "language": "Greek",
      "original": "ταῦτα μὲν ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ παρὰ τὴν τοῦ Καίσαρος ἀπουσίαν ἐγένετο· χρόνιος δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτήν, καὶ οὐκ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τῷ τοῦ Πομπηίου θανάτῳ, ἦλθε διὰ τάδε. οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι ταῖς τῶν χρημάτων ἐσπράξεσι βαρυνόμενοι, καὶ δεινῶς φέροντες ὅτι\nμηδὲ τῶν ιερῶν τις ἀπείχετο (θρησκεύουσί τε γὰρ πολλὰ περισσότατα ἀνθρώπων, καὶ πολέμους ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους, ἅτε μὴ καθʼ ἓν ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντιωτάτου καὶ αὑτοῖς τιμῶντές τινα, ἀναιροῦνταἰ, τούτοις τε οὖν ἀγανακτήσαντες, καὶ προσέτι φοβηθέντες μὴ τῇ Κλεοπάτρᾳ ἅτε μέγα παρὰ τῷ Καίσαρι δυναμένῃ\nπαραδοθῶσιν, ἐταράχθησαν. ἐκείνη τε γὰρ τέως μὲν διʼ ἑτέρων παρʼ αὐτῷ διὰ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἐδικάζετο, ἔπειτα δὲ ὡς τάχιστα τὴν φύσιν αὐτοῦ κατέμαθεν (ἦν γὰρ ἐρωτικώτατος, καὶ πλείσταις καὶ ἄλλαις, ὅσαις που περιτύχοι, συνεγίγνετὀ, πέμπει πρὸς αὐτὸν προδίδοσθαί τε ὑπὸ τῶν φίλων λέγουσα καὶ ἀξιοῦσα αὐτὴ διʼ ἑαυτῆς\nἀγωνίσασθαι. ἄλλως τε γὰρ περικαλλεστάτη γυναικῶν ἐγένετο, καὶ τότε τῇ τῆς ὥρας ἀκμῇ πολὺ διέπρεπε, τό τε φθέγμα ἀστειότατον εἶχε,\nκαὶ προσομιλῆσαι παντί τῳ διὰ χαρίτων ἠπίστατο, ὥστε λαμπρά τε ἰδεῖν καὶ ἀκουσθῆναι οὖσα, κἀκ τούτου πάντα τινὰ καὶ δυσέρωτα καὶ ἀφηλικέστερον ἐξεργάσασθαι δυναμένη, πρὸς τρόπου τε ἐνόμισε τῷ Καίσαρι ἐντεύξεσθαι, καὶ\nπάντα ἐν τῷ κάλλει τὰ δικαιώματα ἔθετο. ᾐτήσατό τε οὖν ἐς ὄψιν αὐτοῦ ἐλθεῖν, καὶ τυχοῦσα κατεκόσμησέ τε ἑαυτὴν καὶ ἐξήσκησεν ὥστε σεμνοπρεπεστάτη καὶ οἰκτροτάτη αὐτῷ ὀφθῆναι. καὶ ἡ μὲν ταῦτα μηχανησαμένη ἔς τε τὴν πόλιν ἅμα (ἔξω γὰρ καὶ ἐκείνης ἦνʼ καὶ ἐς τὰ βασίλεια\nλάθρᾳ τοῦ Πτολεμαίου νυκτὸς ἐσῆλθεν· ὁ δὲ δὴ Καῖσαρ ἰδών τε αὐτὴν καί τι φθεγξαμένης ἀκούσας οὕτως εὐθὺς ἐδουλώθη ὥστε αὐτίκα ὑπό τε τὴν ἕω τόν τε Πτολεμαῖον μεταπέμψασθαι καὶ συναλλάξαι σφᾶς ἐπιχειρῆσαι· ἧς γὰρ δικαστὴς πρότερον ἠξιοῦτο εἶναι, τότε ταύτῃ συνεδίκει.",
      "translation": "These things happened in Rome during Caesar's absence. He was long in coming there, and did not come immediately after Pompey's death, for the following reasons. The Egyptians, burdened by the exactions of money and taking it very hard that no one spared even the sacred places—for they practise many religious observances more than any other people, and even undertake wars against one another on their behalf, since they do not honour certain things in agreement but in ways quite opposite even to each other—were therefore angered at these things. They were afraid, besides, that they might be handed over to Cleopatra, since she had great influence with Caesar, and became disturbed. For at first she had pleaded her case against her brother before Caesar through others. Then, as soon as she learned his disposition—for he was exceedingly amorous and had relations with very many other women too, apparently as many as he happened to meet—she sent word to him, saying that she was being betrayed by her friends and requesting to plead her case herself, in person. For she was exceptionally beautiful among women, and at that time stood out greatly in the prime of her youth; she had a most charming voice, and knew how to associate gracefully with anyone. So, being splendid both to see and to hear, and thereby able to win over anyone, even one not easily moved by love and rather past his prime, she considered that she would meet Caesar in a manner suited to his disposition, and placed all her claims in her beauty. Accordingly she asked to come into his presence. On obtaining permission, she adorned and prepared herself so that she might appear to him most majestic and most deserving of pity. Having devised these things, she entered both the city—for she had been outside it—and the palace by night, without Ptolemy's knowledge. Caesar, on seeing her and hearing her utter something, was immediately so enslaved that he at once sent for Ptolemy before dawn and tried to reconcile them. For the woman whose judge he had previously been expected to be, he was now supporting as her advocate.",
      "edition": "Dio's Roman History Cassius Dio Cocceianus Earnest Cary London William Heinemann New York, NY G. P. Putnam's Sons 1914-1917 3-6 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive",
      "source_locator": {
        "filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
        "cts_edition": "urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2",
        "xpath": [
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"34\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]",
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          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"34\"]/t:div[@n=\"3\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"34\"]/t:div[@n=\"4\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"34\"]/t:div[@n=\"5\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"34\"]/t:div[@n=\"6\"]",
          ".//t:div[@type=\"edition\"]/t:div[@n=\"42\"]/t:div[@n=\"35\"]/t:div[@n=\"1\"]"
        ]
      },
      "source_url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_filename": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "source_sha256": "3cb28750f2a5d050ad973fe631952c4e3855ca57e40aa987e121133eed172535",
      "original_sha256": "1b9e73640c063731f66ee75ef4da3ff28ee924c7ea24f574ad74b2c59ef44a24",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-dio",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ],
      "limitation": "Third-century imperial senator and retrospective historian; hostile comments on motives are his interpretation. Local TEI editorial declaration warns of beta-code conversion errors. A comparison witness does not establish direct consultation by the opera’s makers. Dio's account frames Egyptian resistance through Caesar's fiscal exactions and Cleopatra's political courtship; his attribution of intentions, beauty and sexual disposition remains literary interpretation. The TEI section boundaries split sentences, so all sections of chapter 34 and 35.1 are retained. The local conversion has malformed closing punctuation in some parenthetic expressions; original text is reproduced without silent repair, while the translation resolves the syntax. The imperfect middle/passive ēxiouto in 35.1 can be construed through either voice; the main translation uses the guarded expected-to-be, while Cary gives assumed-to-be. The judge-to-advocate reversal is explicit under either reading. This is not a reconstructed report of Cleopatra's private intentions or a proven libretto source."
    },
    {
      "id": "anc-anonymous-alexandrian-war-3",
      "author": "Pseudo-Caesar / uncertain author",
      "work": "Alexandrian War",
      "locus": "3",
      "language": "Latin",
      "original": "Urbs fertilissima et copiosissima omnium rerum apparatus suggerebat. Ipsi homines ingeniosi atque acutissimi quae a nobis fieri viderant ea sollertia efficiebant ut nostri illorum opera imitati viderentur, et sua sponte multa reperiebant unoque tempore et nostras munitiones infestabant et suas defendebant. Atque haec principes in consiliis contionibusque agitabant: populum Romanum paulatim in consuetudinem eius regni occupandi venire. Paucis annis ante A. Gabinium cum exercitu fuisse in Aegypto; Pompeium se ex fuga eodem recepisse; Caesarem venisse cum copiis, neque morte Pompei quicquam profectum quo minus apud se Caesar commoraretur. Quem si non expulissent, futuram ex regno provinciam; idque agendum mature: namque eum interclusum tempestatibus propter anni tempus recipere transmarina auxilia non posse.",
      "translation": "The exceptionally fertile city, rich in resources of every kind, supplied equipment. The people themselves, ingenious and very sharp, carried out what they had seen us doing with such skill that our men seemed to have copied their works; they also invented many things on their own, and at the same time attacked our fortifications and defended their own. The leaders pressed these points in their councils and public meetings: the Roman people were gradually forming the habit of occupying that kingdom. A few years before, Aulus Gabinius had been in Egypt with an army; Pompey had taken refuge in the same place after his flight; Caesar had come with troops, and Pompey’s death had done nothing to prevent Caesar from staying among them. If they did not expel him, a province would come into being out of the kingdom. They must act promptly: for, cut off by storms because of the season, he could not receive reinforcements from across the sea.",
      "edition": "The Latin Library, published Latin reading text; critical-edition basis unspecified.",
      "source_locator": "Bellum Alexandrinum 3; complete chapter in the published reading text.",
      "source_url": "https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/caesar/alex.shtml#3",
      "original_sha256": "4be10182cebd21dc18893bbecc71a4a2d8e66727853af0296b9e5ae35e7175ab",
      "source_id": "gc-a-src-bellum-alexandrinum-3",
      "rights": "Ancient Latin text, with published reading-text attribution; explicit presentation reuse licence not stated.",
      "limitation": "The narration reports Alexandrian leaders’ argument in indirect discourse, not Caesar’s verified annexation plan or a uniform Egyptian view. Author and underlying layers are disputed. This is a reading-text quotation, not a canonical TEI extraction or critical-edition collation. The English translation is newly authored."
    }
  ]
}