{
  "schema": "magalia-opera-sources-1",
  "records": [
    {
      "id": "gc-t-src-impresario",
      "title": "Händel: Giulio Cesare in Egitto (Libretto - italiano)",
      "role": "Modern web transcription",
      "url": "http://www.impresario.ch/libretto/libhaejul_i.htm",
      "locator": "All three acts; page reports first performance on 20 February 1724",
      "summary": "Consulted 11 October 2026.",
      "limitation": "Modern transcription; original printed facsimile not inspected",
      "rights": "Historic libretto text is public domain. Modern source research and presentation retain their own rights; only bounded attribution and paraphrase are used."
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-t-src-1724",
      "title": "Giulio Cesare In Egitto. Drama. Da Rappresentarsi Nel Regio Teatro di Hay-Market, Per La Reale Accademia di Musica. In Londra: Per Tomaso Wood nella Piccola Bretagna. M.DCC.XXIV.",
      "role": "Modern university-hosted transcription of the 1724 libretto",
      "url": "https://archivi.dar.unibo.it/files/muspe/wwcat/corso/corsi/dramus/Files/libretto_giuliocesare.pdf",
      "locator": "London libretto (1724), Argomento",
      "summary": "Consulted 11 October 2026.",
      "limitation": "Modern transcription; original printed facsimile not inspected",
      "rights": "Historic libretto text is public domain. Modern source research and presentation retain their own rights; only bounded attribution and paraphrase are used."
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-t-src-1676",
      "title": "Giacomo Francesco Bussani / Antonio Sartorio, Giulio Cesare in Egitto, Dramma per musica",
      "role": "Modern transcription of the precursor libretto",
      "url": "https://www.librettidopera.it/zpdf/giulio_1676.pdf",
      "locator": "Bussani / Sartorio libretto, Argomento; title reports first performance on 17 December 1676",
      "summary": "Consulted 11 October 2026.",
      "limitation": "Modern transcription; original printed facsimile not inspected",
      "rights": "Historic libretto text is public domain. Modern source research and presentation retain their own rights; only bounded attribution and paraphrase are used."
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-t-src-hha-preface",
      "title": "Frieder Zschoch, preface to Giulio Cesare in Egitto, BA 4078a, piano reduction by Karl-Heinz Müller (©2005; third printing 2008)",
      "role": "Vocal-score editorial source research, based on a pre-print of HHA II/14",
      "url": "https://www.barenreiter.co.uk/prefaces/9790006530007_Innenansicht.pdf",
      "locator": "Front matter p. II; English preface pp. VI–VII and notes 1–4",
      "summary": "The consulted preface reports libretto adaptation, casts, revivals and the 1724 English Argomento; read through the publisher’s web-accessible extract.",
      "limitation": "The consulted object is the 2005 vocal-score preface in its 2008 printing, not inspection of the final HHA full-score critical apparatus or complete score.",
      "rights": "Contemporary publisher’s critical-edition preface; source research is used through bounded paraphrase and attribution."
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-t-src-bl-autograph",
      "title": "George Frideric Handel: Giulio Cesare (dramma per musica by Niccolò Francesco Haym after a libretto by Giacomo Francesco Bussani), HWV 17. Autograph",
      "role": "Institutional catalogue of the primary autograph",
      "url": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/040-001948624",
      "locator": "R.M.20.b.3; record 040-001948624; ff. 37–40v include text altered by Handel",
      "summary": "Consulted 11 October 2026.",
      "limitation": "Catalogue evidence; autograph folios not directly inspected",
      "rights": "Catalogue © British Library Board; the catalogue declares availability under a CC BY licence. Institution and record attribution retained."
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-t-src-monson-abstract",
      "title": "Craig Monson, Giulio Cesare in Egitto: From Sartorio (1677) to Handel (1724), conference abstract, AMS/SMT, Philadelphia, 25–28 October 1984",
      "role": "Researcher’s abstract reporting a collation of primary witnesses",
      "url": "https://societymusictheory.org/sites/default/files/events/programs/1984-program.pdf",
      "locator": "Heading in Saturday afternoon abstracts; the complete 1985 article was not consulted",
      "summary": "Consulted 11 October 2026. Consulted through web extraction; raw carrier not archived.",
      "limitation": "Full published article and the 1685 mediator witness were not directly collated",
      "rights": "Contemporary scholarly conference abstract; source research is used through bounded paraphrase and attribution."
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-a-src-caesar-bc",
      "title": "Julius Caesar, Civil War",
      "role": "ancient comparison witness; does not itself prove early-modern reading",
      "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0448/phi002/phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "locator": "phi0448.phi002.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "summary": "Julius Caesar C. Iuli Caesaris Commentariorum, pars posterior Renatus du Pontet Oxford Clarendon 1901 Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis Internet Archive",
      "limitation": "Participant and commander writing a self-justifying account; third-person narration is not neutral testimony. Original-language comparison does not establish eighteenth-century consultation.",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-a-src-plutarch-pompey",
      "title": "Plutarch, Life of Pompey",
      "role": "ancient comparison witness; does not itself prove early-modern reading",
      "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg045/tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "locator": "tlg0007.tlg045.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "summary": "Plutarch Plutarch's Lives Bernadotte Perrin Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd. 1917 5 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive",
      "limitation": "Later moral biography; dramatic speeches and ethical framing are literary constructions, not transcripts. Original-language comparison does not establish eighteenth-century consultation.",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-a-src-plutarch-caesar",
      "title": "Plutarch, Life of Caesar",
      "role": "ancient comparison witness; does not itself prove early-modern reading",
      "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0007/tlg048/tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "locator": "tlg0007.tlg048.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "summary": "Plutarch Plutarch's Lives Bernadotte Perrin Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press London William Heinemann Ltd. 1919 7 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive",
      "limitation": "Later moral biography; preserves attributed alternatives and anecdotal traditions. Original-language comparison does not establish eighteenth-century consultation.",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-a-src-dio",
      "title": "Cassius Dio, Roman History",
      "role": "ancient comparison witness; does not itself prove early-modern reading",
      "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0385/tlg001/tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "locator": "tlg0385.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "summary": "Dio's Roman History Cassius Dio Cocceianus Earnest Cary London William Heinemann New York, NY G. P. Putnam's Sons 1914-1917 3-6 Loeb Classical Library Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive Internet Archive",
      "limitation": "Third-century imperial senator and retrospective historian; hostile comments on motives are his interpretation. Local TEI editorial declaration warns of beta-code conversion errors. Original-language comparison does not establish eighteenth-century consultation.",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-a-src-appian",
      "title": "Appian, Civil Wars",
      "role": "ancient comparison witness; does not itself prove early-modern reading",
      "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/blob/master/data/tlg0551/tlg017/tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "locator": "tlg0551.tlg017.perseus-grc2.xml",
      "summary": "Appian of Alexandria Appiani Historia Romana Ludwig Mendelssohn Leipzig Teubner 1881 2 HathiTrust",
      "limitation": "Second-century retrospective history; distinguishes some competing reports, but age and chronology need criticism. Original-language comparison does not establish eighteenth-century consultation.",
      "rights": "No licence declaration found in the inspected header; public-domain ancient/printed text by age, repository attribution retained."
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-a-src-suetonius",
      "title": "Suetonius, Divus Julius",
      "role": "ancient comparison witness; does not itself prove early-modern reading",
      "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi1348/abo011/phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "locator": "phi1348.abo011.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "summary": "De Vita Caesarum Libri VIII C. Suetonius Tranquillus Maximilian Ihm Leipzig Teubner 1908 HathiTrust",
      "limitation": "Imperial biography arranged by topics; includes gossip, polemic, and explicitly attributed competing reports. Original-language comparison does not establish eighteenth-century consultation.",
      "rights": [
        {
          "text": "Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License",
          "target": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-a-src-lucan",
      "title": "Lucan, Civil War / Pharsalia",
      "role": "ancient comparison witness; does not itself prove early-modern reading",
      "url": "https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-latinLit/blob/master/data/phi0917/phi001/phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "locator": "phi0917.phi001.perseus-lat2.xml",
      "summary": "Pharsaliae Libri X M. Annaeus Lucanus Karl Hermann Weise Leipzig G. Bassus 1835 HathiTrust",
      "limitation": "Neronian historical epic, hostile to Caesar and monarchy; imagined inward speeches and emotional scenes are poetry, not independent reportage. Original-language comparison does not establish eighteenth-century consultation.",
      "rights": "No licence declaration found in the inspected header; public-domain ancient/printed text by age, repository attribution retained."
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-a-src-bellum-alexandrinum-latinlibrary",
      "title": "Anonymous (Caesarian corpus); authorship not securely established, Bellum Alexandrinum",
      "role": "Published Latin Library HTML reading text; not canonical TEI",
      "url": "https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/caesar/alex.shtml#4",
      "locator": "Anonymous, Bellum Alexandrinum 4; The Latin Library, chapter 4.",
      "summary": "The published chapter attributes the work to an uncertain author. Its Latin wording has been checked against the reading passage displayed here; the three-book Bellum civile remains a separate work.",
      "limitation": "The linked reading page does not identify a critical-edition basis. Agreement with this reading text does not establish a critical collation or eighteenth-century consultation by Handel, Haym or Bussani.",
      "rights": "Ancient Latin reading text, with The Latin Library attribution retained. The linked page states no explicit reuse licence; this source record does not establish independent rights clearance for the publisher’s presentation."
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-editorial-translation",
      "title": "Magalia opera pilot: original English translations and comparisons",
      "role": "Receiving-text edition and editorial research",
      "url": "",
      "locator": "700 aligned Italian-English units; 30 ancient excerpts plus 8 additional context windows; 30 comparisons; eight character ledgers.",
      "summary": "New translations authored for this pilot; source spelling preserved in Italian, editorial corrections declared in translation notes. English historical name forms are Caesar, Pompey, Ptolemy, Sextus and Achillas; Italian speaker labels remain unchanged.",
      "limitation": "Complete requested modern transcription of the three-act dramatic text. The 1724 witness was consulted through a modern transcription; original print facsimile and score were not collated exhaustively. Printed da capo instructions and musical repetitions omitted by the web witness are not reconstructed. Translation/content audit is internal to this research workflow, not independent scholarly acceptance.",
      "rights": "New editorial work and translations: CC BY-SA 4.0; adapted TEI quotations retain the licences declared by their corpus headers and edition attribution."
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-s-src-griffin-2009",
      "title": "Julia Griffin, “Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar and the Dramatic Tradition,” in Miriam Griffin, ed., A Companion to Julius Caesar (2009), pp. 371–398.",
      "role": "Modern scholarship; selected pages read",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444308440.ch25",
      "locator": "Selected complete pp. 375–378; p. 397 n. 6.",
      "summary": "Identifies Corneille’s La Mort de Pompée as an ultimate dramatic inspiration, interprets the pre-head truce as exonerating Caesar’s mourning, and reports the removal of Bussani’s Curio–Cornelia romance.",
      "limitation": "A reported transmission argument, not a newly established line of borrowing; the original dramas and Monson’s evidence still require collation. Griffin’s aesthetic judgment is attributed, not adopted.",
      "rights": "Contemporary scholarship, cited through bounded paraphrase and attribution; no full modern text is republished."
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-s-src-dimitrova-2018",
      "title": "Miryana Dimitrova, Julius Caesar’s Self-Created Image and Its Dramatic Afterlife (London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018), Introduction, 8 and 12–13. ISBN 9781474245753.",
      "role": "Modern scholarship; selected passages read",
      "url": "https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781474245777_A31714051/preview-9781474245777_A31714051.pdf",
      "locator": "Introduction, printed pp. 8 and 12–13; Monson is reported at pp. 8 and 13.",
      "summary": "The Introduction reports Haym reducing inherited comedy and Cornelia's erotic centrality, and reports Bussani naming the Alexandrian War. It also cautions against overly strong dependence claims for the commentaries.",
      "limitation": "Selected passages only; this review does not claim the entire book or article was critically read.",
      "rights": "Contemporary scholarship, cited through bounded paraphrase and attribution; no full modern text is republished."
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-s-src-flemmig",
      "title": "Gerd Flemmig, editor and translator, Pseudo-Caesar: Bellum Alexandrinum / Bellum Africum / Bellum Hispaniense, Sammlung Tusculum (De Gruyter; consulted copyright 2026), ISBN 9783111215846.",
      "role": "Modern scholarship; selected pages read",
      "url": "https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783111215976_A63952717/preview-9783111215976_A63952717.pdf",
      "locator": "Selected complete pp. 13–14, 17–21, 44–45, 361–363 and 403–406.",
      "summary": "Reports fourth-book numbering in Glandorp’s 1574 annotations and lists Aldus’s 1513 De Bello Civili Pompeiano Libri IIII; offers a different authorship assessment from Gaertner.",
      "limitation": "The early prints themselves were not collated. Neither is identified as Haym’s or Bussani’s copy. Copyright date is taken from the consulted title matter; release-date metadata may differ.",
      "rights": "Contemporary scholarship, cited through bounded paraphrase and attribution; no full modern text is republished."
    },
    {
      "id": "gc-a-src-bellum-alexandrinum-3",
      "title": "Pseudo-Caesar, Bellum Alexandrinum 3: published Latin reading text",
      "role": "Ancient literary context; published reading text, not canonical TEI",
      "url": "https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/caesar/alex.shtml#3",
      "locator": "Bellum Alexandrinum 3",
      "summary": "Complete chapter read against the published text; adds the narrated Alexandrian argument against conversion of the kingdom into a province.",
      "limitation": "Authorship and critical-edition basis are uncertain. Narrated grievance is not independent proof of Caesar’s intentions or early-modern consultation.",
      "rights": "Ancient Latin, with Latin Library attribution retained. Explicit presentation reuse licence not stated."
    }
  ],
  "transmission_edges": [
    {
      "from": "Ancient Greek and Latin historical tradition",
      "to": "Bussani, 1676/77",
      "status": "possible_mediated_dependency",
      "languages_editions": "Unknown"
    },
    {
      "from": "Bussani, 1676/77",
      "to": "Haym, 1724",
      "status": "documented_adaptation"
    },
    {
      "from": "Milan libretto, 1685",
      "to": "Haym, 1724",
      "status": "reported_by_source_scholarship",
      "local_collation": false
    },
    {
      "from": "Haym, 1724",
      "to": "Handel, HWV 17",
      "status": "documented_libretto_and_compositional_revision"
    },
    {
      "from": "Ancient Greek and Latin originals",
      "to": "Handel, HWV 17",
      "status": "not_established"
    }
  ],
  "research_questions_remaining": [
    "Obtain an original Venetian 1677 facsimile and collate the Argomento.",
    "Obtain the Milan 1685 libretto and collate the Parnassus scene and aria witnesses.",
    "Inspect autograph ff. 37–40v and document the exact textual changes.",
    "Search documented libraries, letters, and inventories for specific ancient editions owned or read by Handel, Haym, or Bussani.",
    "Identify the fourth book of the Commentaries in editions of the Caesarian corpus before 1724, without assuming a particular edition."
  ]
}