[{"id":"rib-2244","label":"Hadrian near Thurmaston","identifiers":["RIB 2244","CIL VII 1169"],"date_start":119,"date_end":120,"date_display":"10 Dec. 119–9 Dec. 120 CE","location_relation":"findspot","location_status":"possible original road context; in-situ status conditional","findspot":{"label":"West side of Fosse Way near Thurmaston; found 1771","coordinates":[-1.11157,52.66312],"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2244 (HTML mapSetup)","accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"RIB map location; positional error and original emplacement are not supplied. This is a locality point, not a surveyed road position."},"repository":{"label":"Jewry Wall Museum, Leicester","coordinates":[-1.1411787,52.6349532],"accession":"L.A2226.1849.0.0","precision_note":"Museum’s current outgoing map link resolves to Jewry Wall & Roman Baths site marker. Other legacy route links on the same page use a nearby destination roughly 40 m west; this pilot follows the dedicated map link. Not an object-specific coordinate.","coordinate_locator":"Official Jewry Wall on Google Maps short link https://maps.app.goo.gl/tBB7L4VHfT3ccsTcA resolves to marker !3d52.6349532!4d-1.1411787","custody_status":"RIB Online reports Jewry Wall Museum, L.A2226.1849.0.0; current on-site display was not independently checked.","coordinate_source":"https://www.jewrywall.com/visit/location-parking/","coordinate_role":"institution location proxy, not verified object display/storage position"},"road_action":"Distance and imperial titulature; no roadwork verb","actors":["Hadrian (named emperor)"],"latin_excerpt":"a Ratis / m(ilia) (passuum) II","translation":"Two Roman miles from Ratae.","translation_status":"editorial English rendering of the short Latin excerpt","alterations":["RIB identifies a modern crossbar added to the final numeral."],"limits":["RIB calculates a 375 m excess over two Roman miles measured from Leicester east gate; explanation remains conditional."],"sources":[{"url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2244","locator":"Support; Edition lines 5–6; Apparatus line 5; Commentary notes 2–3; Bibliography","type":"published corpus edition inspected","cil_status":"CIL concordance publication-reported; original CIL entry not directly inspected","id":"rib-2244-s1","title":"RIB 2244 · edition","consultation":"CIL concordance publication-reported; original CIL entry not directly inspected"},{"id":"rib-2244-repository-coordinates","url":"https://www.jewrywall.com/visit/location-parking/","title":"Coordinate source for Jewry Wall Museum, Leicester","locator":"Official Jewry Wall on Google Maps short link https://maps.app.goo.gl/tBB7L4VHfT3ccsTcA resolves to marker !3d52.6349532!4d-1.1411787","consultation":"Institution / publication coordinate assertion inspected; no object presence or surveyed error inferred"},{"id":"rib-2244-catalogue-EDCS-07901053","title":"EDCS-07901053 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-07901053","locator":"EDCS-07901053; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"road_construction_type":"Not established by this record; consult road fabric and excavation separately.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-07901053"],"region":"Britain","work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"Damage / modern alteration","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"Titulature; RIB Date and Commentary give 10 December 119–9 December 120.","date_phases":[{"label":"Inscription","start":119,"end":120,"date_display":"10 Dec. 119–9 Dec. 120 CE","id":"rib-2244-phase1","source_ids":["rib-2244-s1"],"basis":"Titulature; RIB Date and Commentary give 10 December 119–9 December 120.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"}],"locations":[{"id":"rib-2244-findspot","role":"findspot","label":"West side of Fosse Way near Thurmaston; found 1771","coordinates":[-1.11157,52.66312],"coordinate_source":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2244 (HTML mapSetup)","precision_note":"RIB map location; positional error and original emplacement are not supplied. This is a locality point, not a surveyed road position.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"possible original road context; in-situ status conditional","source_ids":["rib-2244-s1"],"date_display":"Historical discovery assertion; see object-history events","comparison_eligible":true,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T3","reason":"Reported beside Fosse Way; RIB explicitly makes original emplacement conditional and notes a distance discrepancy.","source_ids":["rib-2244-s1"],"comparison_scope":"Exploratory source-location comparison only; no road assignment.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"rib-2244-repository","role":"repository","label":"Jewry Wall Museum, Leicester","coordinates":[-1.1411787,52.6349532],"coordinate_source":"https://www.jewrywall.com/visit/location-parking/","precision_note":"Museum’s current outgoing map link resolves to Jewry Wall & Roman Baths site marker. Other legacy route links on the same page use a nearby destination roughly 40 m west; this pilot follows the dedicated map link. Not an object-specific coordinate.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"Custody as reported by the cited publication; current presence unverified","source_ids":["rib-2244-s1","rib-2244-repository-coordinates"],"date_display":"Source-specific custody report; not a date of the inscription","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["rib-2244-s1","rib-2244-repository-coordinates"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"rib-2244-catalogue-EDCS-07901053","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-07901053","label":"Leicester / Ratae Coritanorum","coordinates":[-1.1330789,52.6361398],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-07901053","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["rib-2244-catalogue-EDCS-07901053"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["rib-2244-catalogue-EDCS-07901053"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"discovery","start":1771,"end":1771,"date_display":"1771","label":"Reported recovery beside the Fosse Way; original emplacement remains conditional.","source_ids":["rib-2244-s1"],"id":"rib-2244-event1","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Hadrian near Thurmaston","tier":"T3","rationale":"Reported beside Fosse Way; RIB explicitly makes original emplacement conditional and notes a distance discrepancy.","source_ids":["rib-2244-s1"],"exact_locators":"RIB 2244, Support: Find context; Commentary paragraph 2.","source_refs":[{"id":"rib-2244-s1","url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2244","locator":"Support; Edition lines 5–6; Apparatus line 5; Commentary notes 2–3; Bibliography"}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"published conditional original-roadside hypothesis","pending_requirements":["Recover discovery documentation or excavation evidence for an original socket and road relationship."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["rib-2244-findspot"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"rib-2224","label":"Gordian III and Tetricus at Bitterne","identifiers":["RIB 2224","CIL VII 1150","EE IX 1249"],"date_start":238,"date_end":273,"date_display":"238–244 CE (Gordian III); 270–273 CE (Tetricus)","location_relation":"findspot","location_status":"locality find; original emplacement unknown","findspot":{"label":"Bitterne, Southampton; found shortly before 1845","coordinates":[-1.371885,50.917013],"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2224 (HTML mapSetup)","accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"RIB map location; positional error and original emplacement are not supplied. This is a locality point, not a surveyed road position."},"repository":{"label":"SeaCity Museum, Southampton, storage","coordinates":null,"accession":"not specified","precision_note":"Official page has a map viewport, not a verified object-storage destination. RIB says in store; the storage building has not been verified. No repository coordinate admitted.","coordinate_locator":null,"custody_status":"RIB Online reports SeaCity Museum storage; physical storage address unverified.","coordinate_source":"https://seacitymuseum.co.uk/visit/how-to-find-us/","coordinate_role":"institution location proxy, not verified object display/storage position"},"road_action":"Imperial honorific texts; no construction or repair verb","actors":["Gordian III (primary honorand)","Tetricus (secondary honorand)"],"latin_excerpt":"[I]mp(eratori) Caes(ari) M(arco) / Ant(onio) Gord[iano]","translation":"For emperor Marcus Antonius Gordianus.","translation_status":"editorial English rendering of the short Latin excerpt","alterations":["Secondary text names Tetricus."],"limits":["RIB structured date starts at 234, but its commentary gives Gordian III 238–244; this pilot follows the commentary.","Reuse of support for another ruler does not establish a separate road repair."],"sources":[{"url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2224","locator":"Support; Date; Primary/Secondary Edition; Commentary; Bibliography","type":"published corpus edition inspected","cil_status":"CIL concordance publication-reported; original CIL entry not directly inspected","id":"rib-2224-s1","title":"RIB 2224 · edition","consultation":"CIL concordance publication-reported; original CIL entry not directly inspected"},{"id":"rib-2224-catalogue-EDCS-07901033","title":"EDCS-07901033 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-07901033","locator":"EDCS-07901033; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"road_construction_type":"Not established by this record; consult road fabric and excavation separately.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","date_phases":[{"label":"Gordian III","start":238,"end":244,"id":"rib-2224-phase1","source_ids":["rib-2224-s1"],"basis":"Reign assignments in RIB Commentary; separate primary and secondary texts.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"},{"label":"Tetricus","start":270,"end":273,"id":"rib-2224-phase2","source_ids":["rib-2224-s1"],"basis":"Reign assignments in RIB Commentary; separate primary and secondary texts.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"}],"catalogue_ids":["EDCS-07901033"],"region":"Britain","work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"Repeated inscription","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":["RIB Date header prints 234–244 for the primary text, while its Commentary explicitly gives 238–244 for Gordian III. This atlas follows the Commentary and records the inconsistency."],"dating_basis":"Reign assignments in RIB Commentary; separate primary and secondary texts.","locations":[{"id":"rib-2224-findspot","role":"findspot","label":"Bitterne, Southampton; found shortly before 1845","coordinates":[-1.371885,50.917013],"coordinate_source":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2224 (HTML mapSetup)","precision_note":"RIB map location; positional error and original emplacement are not supplied. This is a locality point, not a surveyed road position.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"locality find; original emplacement unknown","source_ids":["rib-2224-s1"],"date_display":"Historical discovery assertion; see object-history events","comparison_eligible":true,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"RIB records discovery only at Bitterne, without a specific ancient roadside setting. Reinscription is not a findspot.","source_ids":["rib-2224-s1"],"comparison_scope":"Exploratory source-location comparison only; no road assignment.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"rib-2224-repository","role":"repository","label":"SeaCity Museum, Southampton, storage","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":"https://seacitymuseum.co.uk/visit/how-to-find-us/","precision_note":"Official page has a map viewport, not a verified object-storage destination. RIB says in store; the storage building has not been verified. No repository coordinate admitted.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"Custody as reported by the cited publication; current presence unverified","source_ids":["rib-2224-s1"],"date_display":"Source-specific custody report; not a date of the inscription","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["rib-2224-s1"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"rib-2224-catalogue-EDCS-07901033","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-07901033","label":"Bitterne / Clausentum","coordinates":[-1.3603172,50.9146991],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-07901033","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["rib-2224-catalogue-EDCS-07901033"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["rib-2224-catalogue-EDCS-07901033"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"discovery","start":null,"end":1845,"date_display":"Shortly before 1845","label":"Recovery at Bitterne. Upper bound retains the source wording; exact year not stated.","source_ids":["rib-2224-s1"],"id":"rib-2224-event1","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"kind":"custody","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Undated sequence","label":"Hartley College, then Tudor House Museum, then SeaCity Museum storage; individual transfer dates not supplied.","source_ids":["rib-2224-s1"],"id":"rib-2224-event2","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Gordian III and Tetricus at Bitterne","tier":"T5","rationale":"RIB records discovery only at Bitterne, without a specific ancient roadside setting. Reinscription is not a findspot.","source_ids":["rib-2224-s1"],"exact_locators":"RIB 2224, Support: Find context and Other events.","source_refs":[{"id":"rib-2224-s1","url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2224","locator":"Support; Date; Primary/Secondary Edition; Commentary; Bibliography"}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"locality only; original road relationship unknown","pending_requirements":["Obtain the original discovery account and a defensible discovery area."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["rib-2224-findspot"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":true,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"rib-2272","label":"Hadrian in Artle Beck near Caton","identifiers":["RIB 2272","CIL VII 1175"],"date_start":119,"date_end":138,"date_display":"119–138 CE, following RIB","location_relation":"findspot","location_status":"stream-bed find; original road position unproven","findspot":{"label":"Artle Beck near Caton, 6.4 km ENE of Lancaster; found 1803","coordinates":[-2.714774,54.072649],"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2272 (HTML mapSetup)","accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"RIB map location; positional error and original emplacement are not supplied. This is a locality point, not a surveyed road position."},"repository":{"label":"Lancaster City Museum","coordinates":[-2.8016667,54.0488889],"accession":"LANLM.1922.1.1","precision_note":"Marker coordinates encoded in the council museum page’s own Google Maps destination. Decimal precision is inherited from that link and is not a surveyed error estimate. Museum institution only, not object position.","coordinate_locator":"Getting here: official View on Google Maps link; destination marker !3d54.0488889!4d-2.8016667","custody_status":"RIB Online reports Lancaster City Museum, LANLM.1922.1.1; current gallery/storage position was not independently checked.","coordinate_source":"https://www.lancaster.gov.uk/sites/museums/city","coordinate_role":"institution location proxy, not verified object display/storage position"},"road_action":"Imperial honorific and distance; physical roadwork unspecified","actors":["Hadrian (honorand)"],"latin_excerpt":"L(...) m(ilia) p(assuum) IIII","translation":"Four Roman miles from L(…).","translation_status":"editorial English rendering of the short Latin excerpt","alterations":["Shaft broken."],"limits":["Caput abbreviation L remains incomplete; earlier readings differ.","River find cannot fix an ancient carriageway line."],"sources":[{"url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2272","locator":"Support; Edition line 5; Apparatus line 5; Commentary; Bibliography","type":"published corpus edition inspected","cil_status":"CIL concordance publication-reported; original CIL entry not directly inspected","id":"rib-2272-s1","title":"RIB 2272 · edition","consultation":"CIL concordance publication-reported; original CIL entry not directly inspected"},{"id":"rib-2272-repository-coordinates","url":"https://www.lancaster.gov.uk/sites/museums/city","title":"Coordinate source for Lancaster City Museum","locator":"Getting here: official View on Google Maps link; destination marker !3d54.0488889!4d-2.8016667","consultation":"Institution / publication coordinate assertion inspected; no object presence or surveyed error inferred"},{"id":"rib-2272-catalogue-EDCS-07901078","title":"EDCS-07901078 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-07901078","locator":"EDCS-07901078; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"road_construction_type":"Not established by this record; consult road fabric and excavation separately.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-07901078"],"region":"Britain","work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"Damage / modern alteration","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"RIB assigns 119–138; edition retains an ambiguous tribunician numeral rather than a precise year.","date_phases":[{"label":"Inscription","start":119,"end":138,"date_display":"119–138 CE, following RIB","id":"rib-2272-phase1","source_ids":["rib-2272-s1"],"basis":"RIB assigns 119–138; edition retains an ambiguous tribunician numeral rather than a precise year.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"}],"locations":[{"id":"rib-2272-findspot","role":"findspot","label":"Artle Beck near Caton, 6.4 km ENE of Lancaster; found 1803","coordinates":[-2.714774,54.072649],"coordinate_source":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2272 (HTML mapSetup)","precision_note":"RIB map location; positional error and original emplacement are not supplied. This is a locality point, not a surveyed road position.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"stream-bed find; original road position unproven","source_ids":["rib-2272-s1"],"date_display":"Historical discovery assertion; see object-history events","comparison_eligible":true,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","reason":"Artle Beck stream-bed discovery is more specific than a town name, but the edition supplies no original roadside relationship or proof of when/how the object entered the stream.","source_ids":["rib-2272-s1"],"comparison_scope":"Exploratory source-location comparison only; no road assignment.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"rib-2272-repository","role":"repository","label":"Lancaster City Museum","coordinates":[-2.8016667,54.0488889],"coordinate_source":"https://www.lancaster.gov.uk/sites/museums/city","precision_note":"Marker coordinates encoded in the council museum page’s own Google Maps destination. Decimal precision is inherited from that link and is not a surveyed error estimate. Museum institution only, not object position.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"Custody as reported by the cited publication; current presence unverified","source_ids":["rib-2272-s1","rib-2272-repository-coordinates"],"date_display":"Source-specific custody report; not a date of the inscription","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["rib-2272-s1","rib-2272-repository-coordinates"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"rib-2272-catalogue-EDCS-07901078","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-07901078","label":"Caton","coordinates":[-2.7189779,54.0746926],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-07901078","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["rib-2272-catalogue-EDCS-07901078"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["rib-2272-catalogue-EDCS-07901078"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"discovery","start":1803,"end":1803,"date_display":"1803","label":"Reported recovery in Artle Beck; river discovery does not prove original roadside position.","source_ids":["rib-2272-s1"],"id":"rib-2272-event1","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Hadrian in Artle Beck near Caton","tier":"T4","rationale":"Artle Beck stream-bed discovery is more specific than a town name, but the edition supplies no original roadside relationship or proof of when/how the object entered the stream.","source_ids":["rib-2272-s1"],"exact_locators":"RIB 2272, Support: Find context; Apparatus line 5.","source_refs":[{"id":"rib-2272-s1","url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2272","locator":"Support; Edition line 5; Apparatus line 5; Commentary; Bibliography"}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"specific stream context; original road relationship unproved","pending_requirements":["Locate the discovery reach and establish movement history and nearby ancient road fabric."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["rib-2272-findspot"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence.","T4 reflects a specific discovery context; river/field location alone is not proof of ancient displacement or architectural reuse."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"rib-2283","label":"Undated Middleton milestone","identifiers":["RIB 2283","EE III 119"],"date_start":null,"date_end":null,"date_display":"Undated Roman text; modern inscription dated 1836","location_relation":"reported","location_status":"documented displacement; map point is not an original emplacement","findspot":{"label":"6.4 km north of Kirkby Lonsdale; found 1836","coordinates":[-2.580724,54.267232],"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2283 (HTML mapSetup)","accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"RIB map location; positional error and original emplacement are not supplied. This is a locality point, not a surveyed road position."},"repository":{"label":"Church of the Holy Ghost churchyard, Middleton, Cumbria; relocated by 2017","coordinates":null,"accession":null},"road_action":"Distance only; no named ancient builder or repair","actors":["Ancient agent unknown","William Moore (modern re-erection, 1836)"],"latin_excerpt":"m(ilia) p(assuum) LIII","translation":"Fifty-three Roman miles.","translation_status":"editorial English rendering of the short Latin excerpt","alterations":["Shifted approximately 180 m in 1836.","Moore added a Latin re-erection record.","Later moved into Middleton churchyard."],"limits":["RIB retains conflicting 53/54-mile readings in its apparatus.","Carlisle as caput is an interpretation; no emperor supplies a date.","RIB labels the institution in situ despite narrating displacement; this pilot retains the narrative."],"sources":[{"url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2283","locator":"Support; Edition; Apparatus; Commentary; Tomlin, Britannia 48 (2017), p.490(c)","type":"published corpus edition inspected","cil_status":"CIL concordance publication-reported; original CIL entry not directly inspected","id":"rib-2283-s1","title":"RIB 2283 · edition","consultation":"CIL concordance publication-reported; original CIL entry not directly inspected"},{"id":"rib-2283-catalogue-EDCS-07901088","title":"EDCS-07901088 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-07901088","locator":"EDCS-07901088; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"road_construction_type":"Not established by this record; consult road fabric and excavation separately.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-07901088"],"region":"Britain","work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"Reuse / displacement","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"Ancient distance text undated;1836 belongs only to the added modern record.","date_phases":[{"label":"Inscription; precise year unspecified","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Undated Roman text; modern inscription dated 1836","id":"rib-2283-phase1","source_ids":["rib-2283-s1"],"basis":"Ancient distance text undated;1836 belongs only to the added modern record.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"}],"locations":[{"id":"rib-2283-findspot","role":"reported-locality","label":"6.4 km north of Kirkby Lonsdale; found 1836","coordinates":[-2.580724,54.267232],"coordinate_source":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2283 (HTML mapSetup)","precision_note":"RIB map location; positional error and original emplacement are not supplied. This is a locality point, not a surveyed road position.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"documented displacement; map point is not an original emplacement","source_ids":["rib-2283-s1"],"date_display":"Historical discovery assertion; see object-history events","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"The original discovery is only located 6.4 km north of Kirkby Lonsdale. Subsequent re-erection about 180 m away and churchyard relocation are documented; these modern sites do not establish original road placement.","source_ids":["rib-2283-s1"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"rib-2283-repository","role":"repository","label":"Church of the Holy Ghost churchyard, Middleton, Cumbria; relocated by 2017","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"No independently checked institution coordinate admitted.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"Custody as reported by the cited publication; current presence unverified","source_ids":["rib-2283-s1"],"date_display":"Source-specific custody report; not a date of the inscription","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["rib-2283-s1"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"rib-2283-catalogue-EDCS-07901088","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-07901088","label":"Kirkby Lonsdale","coordinates":[-2.5967366,54.2018452],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-07901088","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["rib-2283-catalogue-EDCS-07901088"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["rib-2283-catalogue-EDCS-07901088"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"discovery","start":1836,"end":1836,"date_display":"1836","label":"Discovery and re-erection roughly180m from the findspot; William Moore added a modern Latin record.","source_ids":["rib-2283-s1"],"id":"rib-2283-event1","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"kind":"publication-attestation","start":2017,"end":2017,"date_display":"Reported in 2017","label":"Tomlin 2017 and RIB record the churchyard relocation after the stone was knocked over; exact relocation date not established here.","source_ids":["rib-2283-s1"],"id":"rib-2283-event2","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Undated Middleton milestone","tier":"T5","rationale":"The original discovery is only located 6.4 km north of Kirkby Lonsdale. Subsequent re-erection about 180 m away and churchyard relocation are documented; these modern sites do not establish original road placement.","source_ids":["rib-2283-s1"],"exact_locators":"RIB 2283, Support: Find context, Other events and Modern location; Commentary paragraph 1.","source_refs":[{"id":"rib-2283-s1","url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2283","locator":"Support; Edition; Apparatus; Commentary; Tomlin, Britannia 48 (2017), p.490(c)"}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"original relationship unknown; modern displacement established","pending_requirements":["Recover William Moore discovery documentation and distinguish first find from later erection sites."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["rib-2283-findspot"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":true,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"rib-2298","label":"Caracalla near Welton Hall","identifiers":["RIB 2298","CIL VII 1186"],"date_start":213,"date_end":213,"date_display":"1 Jan.–9 Dec. 213 CE","location_relation":"findspot","location_status":"reported nineteenth-century discovery; stone now lost","findspot":{"label":"Against Hadrian’s Wall opposite Welton Hall, east of milecastle 17; found 1813","coordinates":[-1.89913,55.008775],"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2298 (HTML mapSetup)","accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"RIB map location; positional error and original emplacement are not supplied. This is a locality point, not a surveyed road position."},"repository":{"label":"Lost; formerly cut into pieces to lift","coordinates":null,"accession":null},"road_action":"Honorific text naming provincial governor; no explicit road-building verb","actors":["Caracalla (honorand)","Gaius Julius Marcus (imperial propraetorian legate)"],"latin_excerpt":"G(aio) Iul(io) Marco / leg(ato) A[u]g(usti) p[r(o)] p[r(aetore)]","translation":"Under Gaius Julius Marcus, imperial propraetorian legate.","translation_status":"editorial English rendering of the short Latin excerpt","alterations":["Broken into pieces during attempted lifting; all pieces now lost."],"limits":["Text depends on recorded copies and editorial reconstruction.","Governor’s name supports administration, not an identified workforce."],"sources":[{"url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2298","locator":"Support; Edition lines 7–8; Apparatus; Commentary; Bibliography","type":"published corpus edition inspected","cil_status":"CIL concordance publication-reported; original CIL entry not directly inspected","id":"rib-2298-s1","title":"RIB 2298 · edition","consultation":"CIL concordance publication-reported; original CIL entry not directly inspected"},{"id":"rib-2298-catalogue-EDCS-07901101","title":"EDCS-07901101 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-07901101","locator":"EDCS-07901101; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"road_construction_type":"Not established by this record; consult road fabric and excavation separately.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-07901101"],"region":"Britain","work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"Damage / modern alteration","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"Titulature:1 January–9 December 213 according to RIB.","date_phases":[{"label":"Inscription","start":213,"end":213,"date_display":"1 Jan.–9 Dec. 213 CE","id":"rib-2298-phase1","source_ids":["rib-2298-s1"],"basis":"Titulature:1 January–9 December 213 according to RIB.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"}],"locations":[{"id":"rib-2298-findspot","role":"findspot","label":"Against Hadrian’s Wall opposite Welton Hall, east of milecastle 17; found 1813","coordinates":[-1.89913,55.008775],"coordinate_source":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2298 (HTML mapSetup)","precision_note":"RIB map location; positional error and original emplacement are not supplied. This is a locality point, not a surveyed road position.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"reported nineteenth-century discovery; stone now lost","source_ids":["rib-2298-s1"],"date_display":"Historical discovery assertion; see object-history events","comparison_eligible":true,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"Face-down discovery against Hadrian's Wall east of milecastle 17 is not an excavated road association; neither the Wall nor milecastle reference fixes the stone's original station.","source_ids":["rib-2298-s1"],"comparison_scope":"Exploratory source-location comparison only; no road assignment.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"rib-2298-repository","role":"repository","label":"Lost; formerly cut into pieces to lift","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"No independently checked institution coordinate admitted.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"Custody as reported by the cited publication; current presence unverified","source_ids":["rib-2298-s1"],"date_display":"Source-specific custody report; not a date of the inscription","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["rib-2298-s1"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"rib-2298-catalogue-EDCS-07901101","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-07901101","label":"Milecastle 17 / Welton Hall","coordinates":[-1.902961,55.008554],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-07901101","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["rib-2298-catalogue-EDCS-07901101"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["rib-2298-catalogue-EDCS-07901101"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"discovery","start":1813,"end":1813,"date_display":"1813","label":"Reported recovery against Hadrian’s Wall opposite Welton Hall.","source_ids":["rib-2298-s1"],"id":"rib-2298-event1","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"kind":"damage-loss","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Date not supplied","label":"The stone was broken up during attempted lifting; the pieces are reported lost.","source_ids":["rib-2298-s1"],"id":"rib-2298-event2","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Caracalla near Welton Hall","tier":"T5","rationale":"Face-down discovery against Hadrian's Wall east of milecastle 17 is not an excavated road association; neither the Wall nor milecastle reference fixes the stone's original station.","source_ids":["rib-2298-s1"],"exact_locators":"RIB 2298, Support: Find context and Modern location.","source_refs":[{"id":"rib-2298-s1","url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2298","locator":"Support; Edition lines 7–8; Apparatus; Commentary; Bibliography"}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"wall-side discovery; original road relationship unproved","pending_requirements":["Georeference the historical find report and independently identify the related ancient road."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["rib-2298-findspot"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"rib-2301","label":"Four inscriptions at Crindledykes","identifiers":["RIB 2301","EE VII 1110"],"date_start":296,"date_end":313,"date_display":"296–313 CE; four successive texts","location_relation":"findspot","location_status":"roadside group; history of movement unresolved","findspot":{"label":"Crindledykes Farm north of Stanegate; found 1885","coordinates":[-2.335656,54.996985],"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2301 (HTML mapSetup)","accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"RIB map location; positional error and original emplacement are not supplied. This is a locality point, not a surveyed road position."},"repository":{"label":"Chesters Museum","coordinates":[-2.137599,55.027491],"accession":"CH505","precision_note":"Institution-published visitor navigation point for the fort-and-museum site. No surveyed accuracy stated; not an exact gallery, storage, milestone or archaeological findspot coordinate.","coordinate_locator":"SAT NAV section: Latitude 55.027491; Longtitude -2.137599; repeated in official Google directions destination","custody_status":"RIB Online reports Chesters Museum, CH505; current on-site object presence was not independently checked.","coordinate_source":"https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/chesters-roman-fort-and-museum-hadrians-wall/plan-your-visit/directions/","coordinate_role":"institution location proxy, not verified object display/storage position"},"road_action":"Successive imperial dedications; road construction unspecified","actors":["Constantius I as Caesar (editorial identification)","Constantine I as Caesar (editorial identification)","Maximianus","Maximinus Daia"],"latin_excerpt":"Imp(eratori) / Caes(ari) / Maxi- / mino / P(io) F(elici) Aug(usto)","translation":"For Emperor Caesar Maximinus Pius Felix Augustus.","translation_status":"editorial English rendering of the short Latin excerpt","alterations":["Three earlier texts partly chiselled away and partly incorporated into the fourth."],"limits":["Erasure is observable; motive is not established here.","First two rulers are reconstructed from short remnants."],"sources":[{"url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2301","locator":"Support/Condition; four Editions; Commentary; Bibliography","type":"published corpus edition inspected","cil_status":"CIL concordance publication-reported; original CIL entry not directly inspected","id":"rib-2301-s1","title":"RIB 2301 · edition","consultation":"CIL concordance publication-reported; original CIL entry not directly inspected"},{"url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2299","locator":"Support/find context: five inscribed stones and two fragments, one Roman mile east of Vindolanda","type":"published corpus edition inspected","cil_status":"No CIL concordance claimed for this contextual record","id":"rib-2301-s2","title":"RIB 2299 · edition","consultation":"No CIL concordance claimed for this contextual record"},{"id":"rib-2301-repository-coordinates","url":"https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/chesters-roman-fort-and-museum-hadrians-wall/plan-your-visit/directions/","title":"Coordinate source for Chesters Museum","locator":"SAT NAV section: Latitude 55.027491; Longtitude -2.137599; repeated in official Google directions destination","consultation":"Institution / publication coordinate assertion inspected; no object presence or surveyed error inferred"},{"id":"rib-2301-catalogue-EDCS-07901104","title":"EDCS-07901104 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-07901104","locator":"EDCS-07901104; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"road_construction_type":"Not established by this record; consult road fabric and excavation separately.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","date_phases":[{"label":"Constantius I as Caesar, editorial identification","start":296,"end":305,"id":"rib-2301-phase1","source_ids":["rib-2301-s1","rib-2301-s2"],"basis":"Four RIB Commentary assignments; early identities are editorial interpretations of fragmentary texts.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"},{"label":"Constantine I as Caesar, editorial identification","start":306,"end":307,"id":"rib-2301-phase2","source_ids":["rib-2301-s1","rib-2301-s2"],"basis":"Four RIB Commentary assignments; early identities are editorial interpretations of fragmentary texts.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"},{"label":"Maximianus, following RIB commentary","start":305,"end":311,"id":"rib-2301-phase3","source_ids":["rib-2301-s1","rib-2301-s2"],"basis":"Four RIB Commentary assignments; early identities are editorial interpretations of fragmentary texts.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"},{"label":"Maximinus Daia","start":309,"end":313,"id":"rib-2301-phase4","source_ids":["rib-2301-s1","rib-2301-s2"],"basis":"Four RIB Commentary assignments; early identities are editorial interpretations of fragmentary texts.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"}],"catalogue_ids":["EDCS-07901104"],"region":"Britain","work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"Erasure / recutting","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"Four RIB Commentary assignments; early identities are editorial interpretations of fragmentary texts.","locations":[{"id":"rib-2301-findspot","role":"findspot","label":"Crindledykes Farm north of Stanegate; found 1885","coordinates":[-2.335656,54.996985],"coordinate_source":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2301 (HTML mapSetup)","precision_note":"RIB map location; positional error and original emplacement are not supplied. This is a locality point, not a surveyed road position.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"roadside group; history of movement unresolved","source_ids":["rib-2301-s1","rib-2301-s2"],"date_display":"Historical discovery assertion; see object-history events","comparison_eligible":true,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T3","reason":"RIB 2299 supplies a shared Crindledykes roadside discovery group north of Stanegate at a stated mile interval. It does not describe an individual socket or prove each stone remained at its original station.","source_ids":["rib-2301-s1","rib-2301-s2"],"comparison_scope":"Exploratory source-location comparison only; no road assignment.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"rib-2301-repository","role":"repository","label":"Chesters Museum","coordinates":[-2.137599,55.027491],"coordinate_source":"https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/chesters-roman-fort-and-museum-hadrians-wall/plan-your-visit/directions/","precision_note":"Institution-published visitor navigation point for the fort-and-museum site. No surveyed accuracy stated; not an exact gallery, storage, milestone or archaeological findspot coordinate.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"Custody as reported by the cited publication; current presence unverified","source_ids":["rib-2301-s1","rib-2301-s2","rib-2301-repository-coordinates"],"date_display":"Source-specific custody report; not a date of the inscription","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["rib-2301-s1","rib-2301-s2","rib-2301-repository-coordinates"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"rib-2301-catalogue-EDCS-07901104","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-07901104","label":"Crindledykes Farm / Vindolanda","coordinates":[-2.340712,54.99549],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-07901104","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["rib-2301-catalogue-EDCS-07901104"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["rib-2301-catalogue-EDCS-07901104"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"discovery","start":1885,"end":1885,"date_display":"1885","label":"Recovery at Crindledykes Farm; contextual assemblage described under RIB 2299.","source_ids":["rib-2301-s2"],"id":"rib-2301-event1","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"kind":"erasure","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Relative sequence; no separate calendar date","label":"Earlier inscriptions were partly chiselled away or incorporated in the last text. The observation does not independently identify a political condemnation.","source_ids":["rib-2301-s1"],"id":"rib-2301-event2","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Four inscriptions at Crindledykes","tier":"T3","rationale":"RIB 2299 supplies a shared Crindledykes roadside discovery group north of Stanegate at a stated mile interval. It does not describe an individual socket or prove each stone remained at its original station.","source_ids":["rib-2301-s1","rib-2301-s2"],"exact_locators":"RIB 2301, Support: Find context; RIB 2299, Support: Find context; Commentary.","source_refs":[{"id":"rib-2301-s1","url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2301","locator":"Support/Condition; four Editions; Commentary; Bibliography"},{"id":"rib-2301-s2","url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2299","locator":"Support/find context: five inscribed stones and two fragments, one Roman mile east of Vindolanda"}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"published roadside group; original individual positions unproved","pending_requirements":["Inspect the 1885 discovery reports for the group arrangement, road fabric and disturbance."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["rib-2301-findspot"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":true,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"tre-fontane-2009","label":"Trajan’s 26th milestone at Tre Fontane","identifiers":["Ceraudo 2009, pp.107–117, figs.1–3"],"date_start":109,"date_end":109,"date_display":"109 CE (publication dating)","location_relation":"findspot","location_status":"publication argues substantially in original position; discovery involved modern short movement","findspot":{"label":"Tre Fontane, Greci (Avellino), about 200 m NE of Taverna Tre Fontane","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Publication gives a named locality or plan, but no independently checked WGS84 coordinate has been admitted."},"repository":{"label":"Taverna Tre Fontane courtyard in 2009; current custody unverified","coordinates":null,"accession":null},"road_action":"Via Traiana: construction attributed to Trajan and his own funds; fabric type is not specified by the inscription","actors":["Trajan (named funder/builder)"],"latin_excerpt":"[viam a Be]nevento / [Brundisiu]m pecun(ia) / [sua] fecit","translation":"He made the road from Beneventum to Brundisium with his own money.","translation_status":"editorial English rendering","alterations":["Plough-discovered in 2007; surveyed in 2008; dragged a few metres and later moved into courtyard."],"limits":["Author’s original-position argument is an interpretation, not an excavated setting.","Printed numeral is [X]XVI = 26; web extraction incorrectly supplied [XX]XVI. No unverified CIL or AE number assigned."],"sources":[{"url":"https://www.epigraphica.it/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2009-LXXI-min.pdf#page=107","locator":"G. Ceraudo, Epigraphica 71 (2009), pp.107–117; especially pp.109,111–114, fig.1","type":"primary publication PDF downloaded and inspected","cil_status":"Article contributes to milestone scholarship; no object-level CIL/AE concordance verified","id":"tre-fontane-2009-s1","title":"primary publication PDF downloaded and inspected","consultation":"Article contributes to milestone scholarship; no object-level CIL/AE concordance verified"}],"road_construction_type":"Not established by this record; consult road fabric and excavation separately.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","region":"Italy / Alpine region","work_category":"Construction stated","alteration_category":"Reuse / displacement","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","catalogue_ids":[],"audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"Ceraudo 2009 dating; distance numeral verified on the printed page.","date_phases":[{"label":"Inscription","start":109,"end":109,"date_display":"109 CE (publication dating)","id":"tre-fontane-2009-phase1","source_ids":["tre-fontane-2009-s1"],"basis":"Ceraudo 2009 dating; distance numeral verified on the printed page.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"}],"locations":[{"id":"tre-fontane-2009-findspot","role":"findspot","label":"Tre Fontane, Greci (Avellino), about 200 m NE of Taverna Tre Fontane","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"Publication gives a named locality or plan, but no independently checked WGS 84 coordinate has been admitted.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"publication argues substantially in original position; discovery involved modern short movement","source_ids":["tre-fontane-2009-s1"],"date_display":"Historical discovery assertion; see object-history events","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T3","reason":"Ceraudo argues substantially original position, but the stone was recovered during field work and dragged to a hedge. Its numeral and topography help reconstruct the road, creating dependence between the record and proposed alignment.","source_ids":["tre-fontane-2009-s1"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"tre-fontane-2009-repository","role":"repository","label":"Taverna Tre Fontane courtyard in 2009; current custody unverified","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"No independently checked institution coordinate admitted.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"Custody as reported by the cited publication; current presence unverified","source_ids":["tre-fontane-2009-s1"],"date_display":"Source-specific custody report; not a date of the inscription","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["tre-fontane-2009-s1"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"discovery","start":2007,"end":2007,"date_display":"2007","label":"Plough discovery at Tre Fontane.","source_ids":["tre-fontane-2009-s1"],"id":"tre-fontane-2009-event1","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"kind":"survey","start":2008,"end":2008,"date_display":"2008","label":"Publication records survey of the location.","source_ids":["tre-fontane-2009-s1"],"id":"tre-fontane-2009-event2","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"kind":"custody-report","start":2009,"end":2009,"date_display":"2009 publication state","label":"Published account places the stone in the Taverna courtyard; this dates the report, not the move or present custody.","source_ids":["tre-fontane-2009-s1"],"id":"tre-fontane-2009-event3","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Trajan’s 26th milestone at Tre Fontane","tier":"T3","rationale":"Ceraudo argues substantially original position, but the stone was recovered during field work and dragged to a hedge. Its numeral and topography help reconstruct the road, creating dependence between the record and proposed alignment.","source_ids":["tre-fontane-2009-s1"],"exact_locators":"Ceraudo 2009, pp.111,114; p.111 n.15; pp.109-110 site description.","source_refs":[{"id":"tre-fontane-2009-s1","url":"https://www.epigraphica.it/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2009-LXXI-min.pdf#page=107","locator":"G. Ceraudo, Epigraphica 71 (2009), pp.107–117; especially pp.109,111–114, fig.1"}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"published near-original argument; plough recovery and short modern movement","pending_requirements":["Inspect underlying road survey/excavation independently of the milestone-based route reconstruction."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["tre-fontane-2009-findspot"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":true,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"gerulata-2011","label":"Trebonianus Gallus and Volusian at Gerulata","identifiers":["Kovács and Schmidtová 2011, pp.311–318"],"date_start":252,"date_end":253,"date_display":"January 252–August 253 CE (authors’ dating)","location_relation":"findspot-reuse","location_status":"excavated secondary architectural context","findspot":{"label":"Irkutská Street, plot 186/1, Bratislava-Rusovce; vicus NW of Gerulata","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Publication gives a named locality or plan, but no independently checked WGS84 coordinate has been admitted."},"repository":{"label":"Current repository not verified","coordinates":null,"accession":null},"road_action":"Emperors and distance; no explicit road construction verb admitted from surviving text","actors":["Trebonianus Gallus","Volusian"],"latin_excerpt":"[A K(arnunto) m(ilia) p(assuum)] XXX","translation":"Thirty Roman miles [from Carnuntum].","translation_status":"editorial rendering; bracketed caput is reconstructed","alterations":["Cut at back and sides for building reuse; recovered near a hypocaust furnace."],"limits":["Original setting near fort gate or farther west remains hypothetical.","XXX survives while caput Carnuntum is supplied.","No unverified CIL or AE identifier assigned."],"sources":[{"url":"https://cevnad.sav.sk/aktivita_1_1/slovenska_archeologia_2011_2.pdf#page=111","locator":"P. Kovács and J. Schmidtová, Slovenská archeológia 59/2 (2011), pp.311–318; figs.1–6; English summary pp.317–318","type":"primary publication PDF and English summary inspected","cil_status":"Other CIL milestones cited for comparison must not be assigned to this newly published stone","id":"gerulata-2011-s1","title":"primary publication PDF and English summary inspected","consultation":"Other CIL milestones cited for comparison must not be assigned to this newly published stone"}],"road_construction_type":"Not established by this record; consult road fabric and excavation separately.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","region":"Pannonia","work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"Reuse / displacement","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","catalogue_ids":[],"audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"Authors’January 252–August 253 assignment; not the date of architectural reuse.","date_phases":[{"label":"Inscription","start":252,"end":253,"date_display":"January 252–August 253 CE (authors’ dating)","id":"gerulata-2011-phase1","source_ids":["gerulata-2011-s1"],"basis":"Authors’January 252–August 253 assignment; not the date of architectural reuse.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"}],"locations":[{"id":"gerulata-2011-findspot","role":"secondary-findspot","label":"Irkutská Street, plot 186/1, Bratislava-Rusovce; vicus NW of Gerulata","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"Publication gives a named locality or plan, but no independently checked WGS 84 coordinate has been admitted.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"excavated secondary architectural context","source_ids":["gerulata-2011-s1"],"date_display":"Historical discovery assertion; see object-history events","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","reason":"The stone was cut down to fit architectural masonry and recovered at a praefurnium wall in an excavated vicus building. The authors' original fort-gate/road positions are reconstructions.","source_ids":["gerulata-2011-s1"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"gerulata-2011-repository","role":"repository","label":"Current repository not verified","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"No independently checked institution coordinate admitted.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"Custody as reported by the cited publication; current presence unverified","source_ids":["gerulata-2011-s1"],"date_display":"Source-specific custody report; not a date of the inscription","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["gerulata-2011-s1"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"reuse","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Reuse date not established","label":"Cut down for architectural reuse and recovered in excavated secondary context near a hypocaust furnace.","source_ids":["gerulata-2011-s1"],"id":"gerulata-2011-event1","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Trebonianus Gallus and Volusian at Gerulata","tier":"T4","rationale":"The stone was cut down to fit architectural masonry and recovered at a praefurnium wall in an excavated vicus building. The authors' original fort-gate/road positions are reconstructions.","source_ids":["gerulata-2011-s1"],"exact_locators":"Kovacs and Schmidtova 2011, p.311 abstract; pp.317-318 summary; figs.1-2.","source_refs":[{"id":"gerulata-2011-s1","url":"https://cevnad.sav.sk/aktivita_1_1/slovenska_archeologia_2011_2.pdf#page=111","locator":"P. Kovács and J. Schmidtová, Slovenská archeológia 59/2 (2011), pp.311–318; figs.1–6; English summary pp.317–318"}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"secure secondary architectural reuse; original road position hypothetical","pending_requirements":["Georeference the excavation plan; seek evidence for a pre-reuse roadside station."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["gerulata-2011-findspot"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":true,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"rabland-cil-xvii-4-1","label":"Claudius at Rabland: Via Claudia Augusta","identifiers":["CIL V 8003","CIL XVII/4, 1","IBR 465"],"date_start":46,"date_end":46,"date_display":"46 CE (official CIL XVII/4,1 index)","location_relation":"findspot","location_status":"historic locality report; original setting not proved","findspot":{"label":"Rabland/Rablà near Meran; found 1552","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Publication gives a named locality or plan, but no independently checked WGS84 coordinate has been admitted."},"repository":{"label":"Stadtmuseum Bozen/Bolzano; municipal object notice dated February 2012","coordinates":null,"accession":null},"road_action":"Claudius munit the Via Claudia Augusta; Drusus had earlier laid it out. Do not equate munit automatically with a fully paved road.","actors":["Claudius (current road intervention)","Drusus (earlier alignment attributed by inscription)"],"latin_excerpt":"viam Claudiam Augustam / quam Drusus pater Alpibus / bello patefactis derexserat","translation":"The Via Claudia Augusta, which his father Drusus had laid out after opening the Alps by war.","translation_status":"editorial rendering of university transcription","alterations":["Moved to Schloss Maretsch in 1570, Toggenburg park in 1868, municipal museum in 1933."],"limits":["Official CIL index supports 46 CE; an older university page has a 47? heading.","CIL index is not the full object entry.","Inscription gives a whole-road claim and restored total distance; it does not locate every segment."],"sources":[{"url":"https://cil.bbaw.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Archiv/Index_XVII4_1.pdf","locator":"Official CIL index, , Claudius a.46 / entry 1; geographical indexes under Padus, Danuvius, via Claudia Augusta","type":"official corpus index PDF downloaded and inspected","cil_status":"Official CIL index directly inspected; full CIL XVII object entry not inspected","id":"rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s1","title":"official corpus index PDF downloaded and inspected","consultation":"Official CIL index directly inspected; full CIL XVII object entry not inspected","locator_status":"Published page locator not supplied; use the named work, chapter or ancient passage."},{"url":"https://droitromain.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/Varia/via_claudia_Augusta_CIL1.htm","locator":"Full short transcription and bibliography under CIL V 8003","type":"university transcription inspected","cil_status":"University transcription gives V 8003 = XVII/4,1 = IBR 465","id":"rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s2","title":"university transcription inspected","consultation":"University transcription gives V 8003 = XVII/4,1 = IBR 465"},{"url":"https://www.gemeinde.bozen.bz.it/ocmultibinary/download/21100/1152538/34/91845209ef6876ae1816343948ac3662.pdf/file/6ed9625322207d7a0b78ba2647714d5a.pdf","locator":"Das Exponat des Monats, Stadtmuseum Bozen, no.1, February 2012, one page","type":"museum primary object notice downloaded and inspected","cil_status":"Custodian object notice; not the CIL edition","id":"rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s3","title":"museum primary object notice downloaded and inspected","consultation":"Custodian object notice; not the CIL edition"}],"road_construction_type":"Not established by this record; consult road fabric and excavation separately.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","region":"Italy / Alpine region","work_category":"Road preparation stated","alteration_category":"Reuse / displacement","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","catalogue_ids":[],"audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"Official CIL XVII/4.1 index dates entry 1 to 46 CE; full entry not collated.","date_phases":[{"label":"Inscription","start":46,"end":46,"date_display":"46 CE (official CIL XVII/4,1 index)","id":"rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-phase1","source_ids":["rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s1","rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s2","rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s3"],"basis":"Official CIL XVII/4.1 index dates entry 1 to 46 CE; full entry not collated.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"}],"locations":[{"id":"rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-findspot","role":"findspot","label":"Rabland/Rablà near Meran; found 1552","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"Publication gives a named locality or plan, but no independently checked WGS 84 coordinate has been admitted.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"historic locality report; original setting not proved","source_ids":["rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s1","rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s2","rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s3"],"date_display":"Historical discovery assertion; see object-history events","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"The municipal object notice reports a 1552 discovery at Rabland. The consulted CIL index supplies inscription chronology, not a full spatial find history.","source_ids":["rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s1","rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s2","rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s3"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-repository","role":"repository","label":"Stadtmuseum Bozen/Bolzano; municipal object notice dated February 2012","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"No independently checked institution coordinate admitted.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"Custody as reported by the cited publication; current presence unverified","source_ids":["rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s1","rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s2","rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s3"],"date_display":"Source-specific custody report; not a date of the inscription","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s1","rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s2","rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s3"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"discovery","start":1552,"end":1552,"date_display":"1552","label":"Reported discovery at Rabland.","source_ids":["rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s3"],"id":"rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-event1","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"kind":"movement","start":1570,"end":1570,"date_display":"1570","label":"Moved to Schloss Maretsch.","source_ids":["rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s3"],"id":"rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-event2","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"kind":"movement","start":1868,"end":1868,"date_display":"1868","label":"Moved to the Toggenburg park.","source_ids":["rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s3"],"id":"rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-event3","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"kind":"movement","start":1933,"end":1933,"date_display":"1933","label":"Transferred to the municipal museum.","source_ids":["rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s3"],"id":"rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-event4","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"kind":"custody-report","start":2012,"end":2012,"date_display":"February 2012 museum notice","label":"Bolzano museum object notice documents custody; current on-site presence has not been independently checked.","source_ids":["rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s3"],"id":"rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-event5","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Claudius at Rabland: Via Claudia Augusta","tier":"T5","rationale":"The municipal object notice reports a 1552 discovery at Rabland. The consulted CIL index supplies inscription chronology, not a full spatial find history.","source_ids":["rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s3","rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s1"],"exact_locators":"Stadtmuseum Bozen, Exponat des Monats 1 (February 2012), one-page discovery-history text; CIL XVII/4 index entry 1.","source_refs":[{"id":"rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s3","url":"https://www.gemeinde.bozen.bz.it/ocmultibinary/download/21100/1152538/34/91845209ef6876ae1816343948ac3662.pdf/file/6ed9625322207d7a0b78ba2647714d5a.pdf","locator":"Das Exponat des Monats, Stadtmuseum Bozen, no.1, February 2012, one page"},{"id":"rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-s1","url":"https://cil.bbaw.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Archiv/Index_XVII4_1.pdf","locator":"Official CIL index, , Claudius a.46 / entry 1; geographical indexes under Padus, Danuvius, via Claudia Augusta","locator_status":"Published page locator not supplied; use the named work, chapter or ancient passage."}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"historic discovery locality only","pending_requirements":["Consult the full CIL XVII/4 entry and earliest discovery reports before assigning an original station."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["rabland-cil-xvii-4-1-findspot"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"local-cil-ii-4734","label":"Neronian milestone reported between El Puerto de Santa María and Jerez","identifiers":["CIL II4734","EDCS-05600101","Sillières1990no56"],"catalogue_ids":["EDCS-05600101"],"date_start":57,"date_end":57,"date_display":"57 CE; CIL lemma editorial dating and EDCS numeric bounds; titulature","location_relation":"reported historical discovery corridor","location_status":"reported historical discovery corridor","findspot":{"label":"Road between El Puerto de Santa María and Jerez","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"No defensible original position coordinate admitted; any EDCS point is a separate catalogue locality."},"repository":{"label":"Not established in the consulted sources","coordinates":null},"road_action":"Imperial dative titulature and numeral do not independently specify construction/repair; exact road allocation needs external corroboration.","actors":["Nero — emperor named in inscription; honorific addressee","Anselmus Ruiz de Cortazar — historical transmitter to Madrid Academy in 1749"],"latin_excerpt":"CCXXII","translation":"222 in the consulted CIL/EDCS reading; the modern article cites a restored 232.","translation_status":"Editorial English rendering; original readings and limits retained in local-cases.json","alterations":["No alteration established in the consulted sources."],"limits":["Actual original roadside station not located by consulted lemma.","EDCS point represents Jerez source locality, not surveyed discovery coordinate.","Mileage and corpus reading disagree across publication versions."],"sources":[{"title":"CIL II(1869)","url":"https://cil.bbaw.de","locator":"no4734,printed p632","type":"published edition / local snapshot inspected","cil_status":"CIL II entry directly consulted in the  1869 edition","id":"local-cil-ii-4734-s1","consultation":"CIL II entry directly consulted in the  1869 edition","page_image":"evidence/cil-ii-1869-p632.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 632","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"title":"España Chamorro2017","url":"https://doi.org/10.15366/cupauam2017.43.009","locator":"p244,n16","type":"published edition / local snapshot inspected","cil_status":null,"id":"local-cil-ii-4734-s2","consultation":"published edition / local snapshot inspected"},{"title":"EDCS local2022-09 snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/","locator":"EDCS-05600101","type":"published edition / local snapshot inspected","cil_status":null,"id":"local-cil-ii-4734-s3","consultation":"published edition / local snapshot inspected"},{"id":"local-cil-ii-4734-catalogue-EDCS-05600101","title":"EDCS-05600101 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05600101","locator":"EDCS-05600101; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"region":"Hispania","work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"Not established","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"CIL II lemma and titulature, 57 CE.","date_phases":[{"label":"Inscription","start":57,"end":57,"date_display":"57 CE; CIL lemma editorial dating and EDCS numeric bounds; titulature","id":"local-cil-ii-4734-phase1","source_ids":["local-cil-ii-4734-s1","local-cil-ii-4734-s2","local-cil-ii-4734-s3"],"basis":"CIL II lemma and titulature, 57 CE.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"}],"locations":[{"id":"local-cil-ii-4734-findspot","role":"reported-locality","label":"Road between El Puerto de Santa María and Jerez","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"No defensible original position coordinate admitted; any EDCS point is a separate catalogue locality.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"reported historical discovery corridor","source_ids":["local-cil-ii-4734-s1","local-cil-ii-4734-s2","local-cil-ii-4734-s3"],"date_display":"Historical discovery assertion; see object-history events","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"CIL reports 1744 discovery on the road between El Puerto de Santa Maria and Jerez; that is a broad historical corridor, without a secure Roman-road locus.","source_ids":["local-cil-ii-4734-s1","local-cil-ii-4734-s2","local-cil-ii-4734-s3"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"local-cil-ii-4734-repository","role":"repository","label":"Not established in the consulted sources","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"No independently checked institution coordinate admitted.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"Custody as reported by the cited publication; current presence unverified","source_ids":["local-cil-ii-4734-s1","local-cil-ii-4734-s2","local-cil-ii-4734-s3"],"date_display":"Source-specific custody report; not a date of the inscription","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["local-cil-ii-4734-s1","local-cil-ii-4734-s2","local-cil-ii-4734-s3"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"local-cil-ii-4734-catalogue-EDCS-05600101","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-05600101","label":"Jerez de la Frontera / Ceret","coordinates":[-6.1377402,36.6816936],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05600101","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["local-cil-ii-4734-catalogue-EDCS-05600101"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["local-cil-ii-4734-catalogue-EDCS-05600101"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"discovery","start":1744,"end":1744,"date_display":"1744","label":"Historical discovery on the road between El Puerto and Jerez reported by CIL.","source_ids":["local-cil-ii-4734-s1"],"id":"local-cil-ii-4734-event1","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"kind":"transmission","start":1749,"end":1749,"date_display":"1749","label":"CIL apparatus records transmission of the reading to the Madrid Academy.","source_ids":["local-cil-ii-4734-s1"],"id":"local-cil-ii-4734-event2","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"road_construction_type":"Physical road fabric not established by this object alone.","spatial_evidence":{"label":"Neronian milestone reported between El Puerto de Santa María and Jerez","tier":"T5","rationale":"CIL reports 1744 discovery on the road between El Puerto de Santa Maria and Jerez; that is a broad historical corridor, without a secure Roman-road locus.","source_ids":["local-cil-ii-4734-s1","local-cil-ii-4734-s2"],"exact_locators":"CIL II 4734, p.632; Espana Chamorro 2017, p.244 n.16.","source_refs":[{"id":"local-cil-ii-4734-s1","url":"https://cil.bbaw.de","locator":"no4734,printed p632","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"local-cil-ii-4734-s2","url":"https://doi.org/10.15366/cupauam2017.43.009","locator":"p244,n16"}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"broad reported discovery corridor","pending_requirements":["Find the original report and identify whether the discovery road coincides with documented Roman road fabric."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["local-cil-ii-4734-findspot"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"local-cil-ii-4735","label":"Hadrianic milestone reused as a cross base at São Mamede de Infesta","identifiers":["CIL II4735","EDCS-05600102","MiliariHispanico557"],"catalogue_ids":["EDCS-05600102"],"date_start":133,"date_end":134,"date_display":"133–134 CE (Mantas 2015 series interpretation); 134–135 CE in CIL 1869","location_relation":"historical secondary location","location_status":"historical secondary location","findspot":{"label":"Original roadside findspot unknown. Igreja Velha/Quinta do Dourado is secondary cross-base location.","coordinates":null,"accuracy_m":null,"original_roadside_findspot_known":false},"repository":{"label":"São Mamede de Infesta parish cemetery, cross base, reported by Mantas 2015; current 2026 state unverified","coordinates":null,"current_status_verified":false,"source_ids":["mantas-2015"]},"road_action":"Preserved emperor titulature contains no construction verb; no secure specific road assignment.","actors":["Hadrian — emperor named; honorific addressee","João Pedro Ribeiro — historical reporter","Soromenho — historical reporter","Emil Hübner — corpus editor; expressly did not personally see this section stones"],"latin_excerpt":"Imp(eratori) Caesari / Traiano Hadriano / Aug(usto) / pontif(ici) max(imo) / trib(unicia) potest(ate) XVIII / co(n)s(uli) III p(atri) p(atriae)","translation":"To the emperor Caesar Trajan Hadrian Augustus, chief pontiff, holding tribunician power for the eighteenth time, consul three times, father of the fatherland.","translation_status":"Editorial English rendering; original readings and limits retained in local-cases.json","alterations":["Earlier reuse as a cross pedestal.","Moved around 1894, then cut down for the cemetery cross base, with loss of the epigraphic field."],"limits":["Dating alternatives refer to one inscription, not successive phases.","The conflict between Mantas 2015 printed III and corpus XVIII is not silently resolved.","The cemetery location reported in 2015 does not confirm current custody or condition.","No precise original or cemetery coordinate is admitted."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4735","title":"Emil Hübner,CIL II(1869),no.4735","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=688","locator":"no.4735,printed p.632/local ","type":"original corpus entry","consulted":"source edition text and rendered page 688 visually inspected; no stone autopsy","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"original corpus entry","page_image":"evidence/cil-ii-1869-p632.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 632","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"mantas-2015","title":"Vasco Gil Mantas, Os Miliários de Adriano da Via Bracara-Cale, Portvgalia n.s.36 (2015),231–248","url":"https://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/13814.pdf","locator":"pp.240–241 / whole-volume ; fig.8 p.248 ","type":"scholarly publication","consulted":"Downloaded PDF text inspected; printed pp.240 and 241 visually inspected.","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"scholarly publication","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"local-cil-ii-4735-catalogue-EDCS-05600102","title":"EDCS-05600102 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05600102","locator":"EDCS-05600102; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"region":"Hispania","work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"Reuse / displacement","dating_basis":"One Hadrianic inscription with competing editorial dates. CIL 1869 prints 134/135 and transcribes XVIII. Mantas 2015 p.241 assigns the series to 133–134, but his displayed transcript has III. The later dating is a series interpretation, not an unambiguous fresh reading.","date_alternatives":[{"label":"CIL 1869 edition","start":134,"end":135,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4735"],"status":"earlier editorial date","basis":"CIL prints 134/135 beside the text and transcribes tribunician XVIII.","id":"local-cil-ii-4735-date-alternative1"},{"label":"Mantas 2015 preferred chronology","start":133,"end":134,"source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"status":"series interpretation; preferred with qualification","basis":"Author assigns it to the Hadrian XVIII series of 133–134; the displayed ordinal III and earlier readings remain unresolved.","id":"local-cil-ii-4735-date-alternative2"}],"date_phases":[{"label":"Single Hadrianic milestone inscription; preferred series dating","start":133,"end":134,"source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"status":"one inscription; alternatives separately recorded","id":"local-cil-ii-4735-phase1","basis":"One Hadrianic inscription with competing editorial dates. CIL 1869 prints 134/135 and transcribes XVIII. Mantas 2015 p.241 assigns the series to 133–134, but his displayed transcript has III. The later dating is a series interpretation, not an unambiguous fresh reading.","date_display":"133–134 CE (Mantas 2015 series interpretation); 134–135 CE in CIL 1869"}],"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4735","mantas-2015"],"locations":[{"id":"cil4735-original","role":"original-emplacement","label":"Original roadside position unknown","coordinates":null,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4735","mantas-2015"],"precision":"unlocated","status":"unknown","precision_note":"unlocated","date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"U","reason":"This assertion has not been admitted as the reviewed road-association context.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4735","mantas-2015"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil4735-quinta-dourado","role":"secondary-findspot","label":"Cross pedestal near Quinta do Dourado/Quinta de Santo António, Igreja Velha, São Mamede de Infesta","coordinates":null,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4735","mantas-2015"],"precision":"named secondary location; no admitted coordinate","status":"historically reported","valid_start":null,"valid_end":1894,"precision_note":"named secondary location; no admitted coordinate","date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","reason":"CIL and Mantas document cross-base reuse and subsequent cemetery movement. These are secondary places; the original roadside station is unknown.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4735","mantas-2015"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"cil4735-cemetery","role":"former-repository","label":"São Mamede de Infesta parish cemetery, cross base","coordinates":null,"source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"precision":"named cemetery; no admitted point","status":"reported 2015; not verified 2026","valid_start":1894,"valid_start_status":"approximate","valid_end":2015,"observed_on":null,"precision_note":"named cemetery; no admitted point","date_display":"Location history from 1894; last cited report 2015; continuity not independently established","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"local-cil-ii-4735-catalogue-EDCS-05600102","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-05600102","label":"Sao Mamede de Infesta","coordinates":[-8.6106388,41.1912232],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05600102","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["local-cil-ii-4735-catalogue-EDCS-05600102"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["local-cil-ii-4735-catalogue-EDCS-05600102"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"relocation","label":"Transferred from Igreja Velha/Quinta do Dourado setting to parish cemetery around 1894","start":1894,"end":1894,"source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"status":"approximate publication-reported date","id":"local-cil-ii-4735-event1","date_display":"1894"},{"kind":"reuse","label":"Cut down again as the central cemetery cross base; inscription lost","start":null,"end":1895,"source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"status":"Mantas 2015 reports the Capela 1895 account; exact event date unresolved","id":"local-cil-ii-4735-event2","date_display":"By 1895"},{"kind":"publication_report","label":"Cemetery cross-base location published by Mantas","start":2015,"end":2015,"source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"status":"publication state; not field observation date","id":"local-cil-ii-4735-event3","date_display":"2015"},{"kind":"reuse","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Undated reports quoted in 1869","label":"Cross-base reuse at São Mamede; the CIL publication year does not date the reuse.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4735"],"id":"local-cil-ii-4735-event4","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"location_audit_notes":["Original roadside site, Igreja Velha reuse and cemetery repository are three independent geographical roles.","The existing EDCS point must remain a locality proxy and must not become the cemetery coordinate."],"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"road_construction_type":"Physical road fabric not established by this object alone.","spatial_evidence":{"label":"Hadrianic milestone reused as a cross base at São Mamede de Infesta","tier":"T4","rationale":"CIL and Mantas document cross-base reuse and subsequent cemetery movement. These are secondary places; the original roadside station is unknown.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4735","mantas-2015"],"exact_locators":"CIL II 4735, p.632; Mantas 2015, pp.240-241, fig.8 p.248.","source_refs":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4735","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=688","locator":"no.4735,printed p.632/local ","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"mantas-2015","url":"https://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/13814.pdf","locator":"pp.240–241 / whole-volume ; fig.8 p.248 ","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"documented secondary cross-base reuse","pending_requirements":["Recover pre-reuse provenance; georeference historical cross locations separately from any road hypothesis."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["cil4735-quinta-dourado"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":true,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":true,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"local-la-rinconada-2014","label":"Hadrianus Augustus fecit, mile I: collector-property recovery at La Rinconada","identifiers":["España Chamorro2017newmilestone","Hadrianus Augustus fecit series,mileI"],"catalogue_ids":[],"date_start":122,"date_end":123,"date_display":"122–123 CE; Author assigns winter 122–123 through comparison of ordinatio, palaeography, and workshop with other series members; not an explicit surviving tribunician date.","location_relation":"original provenance unknown","location_status":"original provenance unknown","findspot":{"label":"Original provenance unknown; recovery at a private collector property, La Rinconada","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"La Rinconada is recovery/collection property. Descendants suggested Seville city or province, since deceased collector worked on building sites there; author says this cannot be checked."},"repository":{"label":"Conjunto Arqueológico de Itálica","coordinates":null},"road_action":"Author pp 245–246 rejects an automatic equation of fecit with new-road creation; existing road marking, caput/system changes, or structural intervention remain possibilities.","actors":["Hadrian — named subject of fecit; commemorated imperial agency","unnamed stone workshop — author infers same workshop as three series parallels","Guardia Civil /SEPRONA — modern recovery/investigation","Sergio España Chamorro — modern editor and interpreter"],"latin_excerpt":"I / ḤẠDRIAṆ[VS] / AVG(VSTVS) / [F]ẸCIṬ","translation":"One. Hadrian Augustus made [it]. The object of the act remains interpretatively open.","translation_status":"Editorial English rendering; original readings and limits retained in local-cases.json","alterations":["Collector moved architectural/inscribed pieces from work sites to property; original find context lost.","High temperatures caused fractures and loss at epigraphic field; erosion also observed. No evidence here of ancient deliberate erasure."],"limits":["No exact original findspot, so cannot validate a road alignment.","Proposed road and caput remain debated hypotheses; numeral I does not securely locate caput.","Repository claim is 2017 publication state; restoration/current display not checked.","Chronology is series-comparison inference."],"sources":[{"title":"España Chamorro2017","url":"https://doi.org/10.15366/cupauam2017.43.009","locator":"pp241–246; edition p242; provenance p242; interpretation pp244–246","type":"published edition / local snapshot inspected","cil_status":null,"id":"local-la-rinconada-2014-s1","consultation":"published edition / local snapshot inspected"}],"region":"Hispania","work_category":"Act ambiguous","alteration_category":"Reuse / displacement","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"Series-comparison and palaeographic inference to winter 122–123; no surviving explicit tribunician date.","date_phases":[{"label":"Inscription","start":122,"end":123,"date_display":"122–123 CE; Author assigns winter 122–123 through comparison of ordinatio, palaeography, and workshop with other series members; not an explicit surviving tribunician date.","id":"local-la-rinconada-2014-phase1","source_ids":["local-la-rinconada-2014-s1"],"basis":"Series-comparison and palaeographic inference to winter 122–123; no surviving explicit tribunician date.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition"}],"locations":[{"id":"local-la-rinconada-2014-findspot","role":"recovery","label":"Original provenance unknown; recovery at a private collector property, La Rinconada","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"La Rinconada is recovery/collection property. Descendants suggested Seville city or province, since deceased collector worked on building sites there; author says this cannot be checked.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"original provenance unknown","source_ids":["local-la-rinconada-2014-s1"],"date_display":"Historical discovery assertion; see object-history events","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"Recovered on collector property after a fire, without checkable ancient provenance. Suggested Seville origins cannot be verified in the edition.","source_ids":["local-la-rinconada-2014-s1"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T6","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"local-la-rinconada-2014-repository","role":"repository","label":"Conjunto Arqueológico de Itálica","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"No independently checked institution coordinate admitted.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"Custody as reported by the cited publication; current presence unverified","source_ids":["local-la-rinconada-2014-s1"],"date_display":"Source-specific custody report; not a date of the inscription","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["local-la-rinconada-2014-s1"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T6","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"recovery","start":2014,"end":2014,"date_display":"May 2014","label":"Modern recovery on a collector’s property after fire; original find provenance remains unknown.","source_ids":["local-la-rinconada-2014-s1"],"id":"local-la-rinconada-2014-event1","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"kind":"custody-report","start":2017,"end":2017,"date_display":"Reported by 2017 publication","label":"Publication reports transfer to Itálica for custody/restoration. This is not a verified 2017 transfer date.","source_ids":["local-la-rinconada-2014-s1"],"id":"local-la-rinconada-2014-event2","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"road_construction_type":"Physical road fabric not established by this object alone.","spatial_evidence":{"label":"Hadrianus Augustus fecit, mile I: collector-property recovery at La Rinconada","tier":"T6","rationale":"Recovered on collector property after a fire, without checkable ancient provenance. 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The HTML map parameter 300 is not admitted as an accuracy estimate.","status":"secondary wall reuse; original emplacement unknown","source_ids":["rib-2251-edition"],"comparison_eligible":false,"precision_note":"RIB source-locality point; original emplacement and positional error are not supplied. 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Multiple inscriptions on one support document epigraphic reuse, which does not itself prove geographical displacement.","source_ids":["rib-2290-edition"],"exact_locators":"RIB 2290, Support: Find context and Placement of text.","source_refs":[{"id":"rib-2290-edition","url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2290","locator":"Support (find context, find date, modern location, accession); Date and dating criteria; Edition; Apparatus; Commentary; Bibliography"}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"specific river context; original road relationship unknown","pending_requirements":["Recover the discovery reach and independent evidence connecting it to a road; keep inscription phases on one support."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["rib-2290-findspot"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence.","T4 reflects a specific discovery context; river/field location alone is not proof of ancient displacement or architectural reuse."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":true,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-ii-4644","label":"Claudius, mile VI at Casa de Campo near Mérida","identifiers":["CIL II 4644","HEpOL 21868","MVP 3","EDCS-05600015"],"object_type":"milestone","date_start":50,"date_end":50,"date_display":"50 CE (titulature reconstructed from manuscript copies)","location_relation":"findspot","location_status":"Publication argues in or near original roadside setting; modern display shifted a few metres.","findspot":{"label":"Casa de Campo municipal estate,north of Mérida,on excavated Via de la Plata; observer20 November 2020","coordinates":[-6.3211,38.98766111111111],"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":"Paredes 2023,p.41/:38°59′15.58″N,6°19′15.96″W","accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Deterministic DMS-to-decimal conversion. Publication does not specify geodetic datum or surveyed accuracy; original emplacement is an interpretation."},"repository":{"label":"Outdoor display beside excavated road,Casa de Campo,Mérida (observed 2020,published 2023)","coordinates":[-6.3211,38.98766111111111],"current_status_verified":false},"road_action":"Repair wording transmitted by old copies; Hübner expressly questions whether iter reparavit is an interpolation. This is a disputed textual claim, not observed road fabric.","road_construction_type":"No physical pavement specification follows from the inscription alone.","actors":["Claudius: emperor in reconstructed text; commemorated repair agent","Ancient work force: not named","Enrique Paredes Martín: modern field observer and editor,20 November 2020"],"latin_excerpt":"iter / reparavit / VI","translation":"He repaired the route. Six [Roman miles].","translation_status":"new editorial English translation of short public-domain Latin excerpt","alterations":["Former wire-fence post reuse.","Two rounded holes may reflect another reuse; function/date unknown.","Paredes reports the remaining VI became illegible after aggressive cleaning."],"limits":["50 CE is supported by transmitted titulature, not by surviving readable letters.","CIL questions iter reparavit and emends the transmitted imperial heading.","Field observation 2020 and publication 2023 do not verify present 2026 condition or access."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4644","title":"Emil Hübner, CIL II (1869), no.4644","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=677","locator":"no.4644, printed p.621 / local ","type":"original corpus entry","consulted":"source edition text AND rendered page visually inspected; no stone autopsy","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"original corpus entry","page_image":"evidence/cil-ii-1869-p621.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 621","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"paredes-2023","title":"Enrique Paredes Martín, El conjunto de miliarios de la milla VI del Iter ab Emerita Asturicam (Casa de Campo,Mérida,Badajoz): revisión y nuevos datos, Espacio Tiempo y Forma II36 (2023),31–58","url":"https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ETFII/article/download/36712/28064","locator":"pp.34–45 ; coordinates and reuse p.41 ","type":"primary object re-edition with author field observation","consulted":"PDF downloaded and relevant text inspected; p.41 visually inspected to verify printed coordinates","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"primary object re-edition with author field observation","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"EDCS-05600015","title":"EDCS-05600015 in EDCS 2022-09-12 local snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi.php?s_sprache=en","locator":"EDCS-05600015","type":"catalogue snapshot","consulted":"full local JSON record inspected; current online record not rechecked","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"catalogue snapshot"}],"locations":[{"id":"cil4644-casa-campo","role":"observation","label":"Casa de Campo:mile-VI milestone, observed 20 November 2020","coordinates":[-6.3211,38.98766111111111],"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","source_ids":["paredes-2023"],"precision":"explicit printed DMS; datum/error unspecified","status":"admitted-publication-coordinate","accuracy_m":null,"observed_on":"2020-11-20","coordinate_transformation":"lon=-(6+19/60+15.96/3600); lat=38+59/60+15.58/3600","original_emplacement_status":"author inference; modern display a few metres from earlier visible position","precision_note":"explicit printed DMS; datum/error unspecified","date_display":"2020-11-20","comparison_eligible":false,"coordinate_source":"https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ETFII/article/download/36712/28064","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","reason":"Modern observation/display point after short movement; local-road association belongs to the T2b object claim, not an ancient socket coordinate.","source_ids":["paredes-2023"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T2","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil4644-original","role":"original-emplacement","label":"Ancient roadside position at mile VI","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","source_ids":["paredes-2023"],"precision":"not separately surveyed","status":"interpretation: in/near ancient setting","accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"not separately surveyed","date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T2","reason":"Paredes Martin 2023 p.41 documents the local association of the stone with a recently excavated/restored Roman road. This supports archaeological road association (T2b), while its exact original socket remains unproved: fence-post reuse and a modern display move of a few metres are documented. The publication coordinate records the 2020 observation/display point.","source_ids":["paredes-2023"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T2","role_ceiling_applied":false,"subtype":"T2b"}}],"events":[{"kind":"reuse","label":"Reused as wire-fence post before restoration","start":null,"end":null,"source_ids":["paredes-2023"],"status":"observed in older photographs; date unspecified","id":"cil-ii-4644-event1","date_display":"Date unspecified"},{"kind":"restoration","label":"Recent restoration/display; author reports cleaning erased remaining numeral VI","start":null,"end":2020,"source_ids":["paredes-2023"],"status":"author assessment; precise intervention date not established","id":"cil-ii-4644-event2","date_display":"By 2020"},{"kind":"observation","label":"Paredes photographed and analysed the stone","start":2020,"end":2020,"source_ids":["paredes-2023"],"status":"publication-reported","observed_on":"2020-11-20","id":"cil-ii-4644-event3","date_display":"2020-11-20"}],"date_phases":[{"label":"Claudian titulature, manuscript reconstruction","start":50,"end":50,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4644","paredes-2023"],"status":"reconstructed","id":"cil-ii-4644-phase1","basis":"Tribunician power X and fourth consulship support50 CE; CIL emends imperatorial XI in old copies toXXI. All imperial text is now illegible. Reconstructed date is not the field-observation date.","date_display":"50 CE (titulature reconstructed from manuscript copies)"}],"location_audit_notes":["EDCS Mérida coordinate[-6.3443977,38.9174665] is a city locality, not the published Casa de Campo stone position. Suppress it for this object.","Earlier scholarly placements disagree by hundreds of metres; Paredes pp.39–41 audits them and prints the field position."],"rejected_catalogue_coordinates":["EDCS-05600015"],"inspected_on":"2026-10-17","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-05600015"],"date_basis":"Tribunician power X and fourth consulship support50CE; CIL emends imperatorial XI in old copies toXXI. All imperial text is now illegible. Reconstructed date is not the field-observation date.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4644","paredes-2023","EDCS-05600015"],"chronology_audit":{"date_basis":"Tribunician power X and fourth consulship support50CE; CIL emends imperatorial XI in old copies toXXI. All imperial text is now illegible. Reconstructed date is not the field-observation date.","ancient_dates_separate_from_modern_history":true,"unresolved_dates":["Reused as wire-fence post before restoration","Recent restoration/display; author reports cleaning erased remaining numeral VI"]},"evidence_audit":{"original_cil_entry_inspected":true,"rendered_cil_page_inspected":true,"stone_autopsy":false,"current_repository_verified_in_2026":false,"database_coordinates_not_promoted_to_findspots":true},"actor_roles":[{"label":"Claudius","role":"emperor in reconstructed text; commemorated repair agent","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4644"]},{"label":"Ancient work force","role":"not named","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4644"]},{"label":"Enrique Paredes Martín","role":"modern field observer and editor,20 November 2020","source_ids":["paredes-2023"]}],"region":"Hispania","work_category":"repair-disputed","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"Tribunician power X and fourth consulship support50 CE; CIL emends imperatorial XI in old copies toXXI. All imperial text is now illegible. Reconstructed date is not the field-observation date.","alteration_category":"Not established","spatial_evidence":{"label":"Claudius, mile VI at Casa de Campo near Mérida","tier":"T2","rationale":"Paredes Martin 2023 p.41 documents the local association of the stone with a recently excavated/restored Roman road. This supports archaeological road association (T2b), while its exact original socket remains unproved: fence-post reuse and a modern display move of a few metres are documented. The publication coordinate records the 2020 observation/display point.","source_ids":["paredes-2023","cil-ii-1869-4644"],"exact_locators":"Paredes Martin 2023, pp.39-41, especially p.41 and figs.6-8; CIL II 4644 p.621.","source_refs":[{"id":"paredes-2023","url":"https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ETFII/article/download/36712/28064","locator":"pp.34–45 ; coordinates and reuse p.41 ","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4644","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=677","locator":"no.4644, printed p.621 / local ","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"strong publication-argued association with excavated Roman road; original placement inferred","pending_requirements":["Inspect excavation archive for the original stone base/socket, stratigraphic relationship, road dating and movement offset. The printed coordinate is modern observation/display, not a surveyed ancient station."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","subtype":"T2b","anchor_qualifications":{"cil4644-original":"Unlocated original-emplacement argument; no surveyed original socket."},"comparison_prohibited_location_ids":["cil4644-casa-campo"],"anchor_location_ids":["cil4644-original"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","The modern observation coordinate does not establish the original socket or validate an Itiner-e polyline.","T2b is documentary road association, below T2a secured original installation."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":true,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"location_effective_tier_overrides":{"cil4644-casa-campo":{"tier":"T4","rationale":"Modern observation/display point after short movement; local-road association belongs to the T2b object claim, not an ancient socket coordinate.","comparison_eligible":false}},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation.","qualification":"Original installation unproved"},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-ii-4736","label":"Hadrian at Quinta do Paiço, Alvarelhos","identifiers":["CIL II 4736"],"object_type":"milestone","date_start":133,"date_end":134,"date_display":"10 December 133–9 December 134 CE (Mantas 2015; XVIII partly difficult)","location_relation":"reported","location_status":"See separately sourced location history.","findspot":{"label":"Original findspot unknown; only general Alvarelhos provenance reported.","coordinates":null,"accuracy_m":null},"repository":{"label":"Garden of Quinta do Paiço,Alvarelhos/Guidões,reported 2015","coordinates":null,"current_status_verified":false},"road_action":"Imperial dedication and distance-origin formula; no preserved construction/repair verb.","road_construction_type":"No physical pavement specification follows from the inscription alone.","actors":["Hadrian: honorific imperial addressee","Domingo Maia: nineteenth-century property holder reported by CIL","Vasco Gil Mantas: modern editor"],"latin_excerpt":"trib(unicia) potest(ate) XVIII / co(n)s(uli) III p(atri) p(atriae)","translation":"Holding tribunician power for the eighteenth time,consul three times,father of the fatherland.","translation_status":"new editorial English translation of short public-domain Latin excerpt","alterations":["Bottom lost, including the distance line.","Top cavity/notch indicates unspecified reuse."],"limits":["No original roadside findspot or surveyed garden point.","Mantas considers23or24miles a reconstruction; EDCS restoredXXIII is not an independently readable secure numeral."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4736","title":"Emil Hübner, CIL II (1869), no.4736","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=688","locator":"no.4736, printed p.632 / local ","type":"original corpus entry","consulted":"source edition text AND rendered page visually inspected; no stone autopsy","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"original corpus entry","page_image":"evidence/cil-ii-1869-p632.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 632","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"mantas-2015","title":"Vasco Gil Mantas, Os Miliários de Adriano da Via Bracara-Cale, Portvgalia n.s.36 (2015),231–248","url":"https://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/13814.pdf","locator":"pp.238–240, fig.6–7; whole-volume ","type":"scholarly publication","consulted":"PDF downloaded and text inspected; printed p.240 visually inspected","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"scholarly publication","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"EDCS-05600103","title":"EDCS-05600103 in EDCS 2022-09-12 local snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi.php?s_sprache=en","locator":"EDCS-05600103","type":"catalogue snapshot","consulted":"full local JSON record inspected; current online record not rechecked","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"catalogue snapshot"}],"locations":[{"id":"cil4736-original","role":"original-emplacement","label":"Unknown original roadside station","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"precision":"unlocated","status":"unknown","accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"unlocated","date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"Ancient provenance is unestablished; this assertion supplies recovery or reporting context only.","source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T6","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil4736-paico","role":"former-repository","label":"Quinta do Paiço garden, Alvarelhos/Guidões, near Porto","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4736","mantas-2015"],"precision":"named property only","status":"documented secondary location; before 1858 and reported 2015","accuracy_m":null,"valid_start":null,"valid_end":2015,"precision_note":"named property only","date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4736","mantas-2015"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T6","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"collection","label":"Already collected at Quinta do Paiço before 1858","start":null,"end":1858,"source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"status":"publication-reported","id":"cil-ii-4736-event1","date_display":"By 1858"},{"kind":"reuse","label":"Circular cavity and perpendicular notch at top; reuse function unknown","start":null,"end":null,"source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"status":"physical traces described; interpretation qualified","id":"cil-ii-4736-event2","date_display":"Date unspecified"}],"date_phases":[{"label":"HadrianXVIII, partly difficult reading","start":133,"end":134,"source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"status":"publication-dating","id":"cil-ii-4736-phase1","basis":"CIL prints 134 CE; Mantas 2015 p.240 interprets tribunicianXVIII as 10 Dec 133–9 Dec 134, while acknowledging the ordinal is difficult to see.","date_display":"10 December 133–9 December 134 CE (Mantas 2015; XVIII partly difficult)"}],"location_audit_notes":["Reject EDCS[-7.3381573,41.7126824]: the homonymous Alvarelhos point lies in the eastern region and conflicts with the published Quinta do Paiço near Porto/Trofa provenance.","Do not replace an unknown findspot with a guessed estate coordinate."],"rejected_catalogue_coordinates":["EDCS-05600103"],"inspected_on":"2026-10-17","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-05600103"],"date_basis":"CIL prints 134CE; Mantas 2015 p.240 interprets tribunicianXVIII as10 Dec 133–9 Dec 134,while acknowledging the ordinal is difficult to see.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4736","mantas-2015","EDCS-05600103"],"chronology_audit":{"date_basis":"CIL prints 134CE; Mantas 2015 p.240 interprets tribunicianXVIII as10 Dec 133–9 Dec 134,while acknowledging the ordinal is difficult to see.","ancient_dates_separate_from_modern_history":true,"unresolved_dates":["Already collected at Quinta do Paiço before 1858","Circular cavity and perpendicular notch at top; reuse function unknown"]},"evidence_audit":{"original_cil_entry_inspected":true,"rendered_cil_page_inspected":true,"stone_autopsy":false,"current_repository_verified_in_2026":false,"database_coordinates_not_promoted_to_findspots":true},"actor_roles":[{"label":"Hadrian","role":"honorific imperial addressee","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4736"]},{"label":"Domingo Maia","role":"nineteenth-century property holder reported by CIL","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4736"]},{"label":"Vasco Gil Mantas","role":"modern editor","source_ids":["mantas-2015"]}],"region":"Hispania","work_category":"dedication-distance","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"CIL prints 134 CE; Mantas 2015 p.240 interprets tribunicianXVIII as 10 Dec 133–9 Dec 134, while acknowledging the ordinal is difficult to see.","alteration_category":"Not established","spatial_evidence":{"label":"Hadrian at Quinta do Paiço, Alvarelhos","tier":"T6","rationale":"The original findspot is unknown; Quinta do Paico is a secondary garden collection location. A named collection and possible reuse damage do not reconstruct ancient road placement.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4736","mantas-2015"],"exact_locators":"CIL II 4736 p.632; Mantas 2015, pp.238-240 and figs.6-7.","source_refs":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4736","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=688","locator":"no.4736, printed p.632 / local ","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"mantas-2015","url":"https://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/13814.pdf","locator":"pp.238–240, fig.6–7; whole-volume ","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"secondary collection only; ancient findspot unknown","pending_requirements":["Obtain estate/collection provenance identifying a pre-collection findspot; retain rejected homonymous catalogue coordinate."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["cil4736-paico"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-ii-4737","label":"Hadrian at Vila Nova de Famalicão: one stone, two CIL entries","identifiers":["CIL II 4737","CIL II 4739","EDCS-05600104"],"object_type":"milestone","date_start":119,"date_end":138,"date_display":"119–138 CE broad bounds;134 inCIL;135 conditional modern proposal","location_relation":"reported","location_status":"See separately sourced location history.","findspot":{"label":"Original roadside station unknown; Santiago de Antas is scholarly reconstruction.","coordinates":null,"accuracy_m":null},"repository":{"label":"Reported in sixteenth-century ducal house; cellar of Domingos Tomé da Fonseca in 1724; subsequently lost/reused according toMantas","coordinates":null,"current_status_verified":false},"road_action":"No preserved construction verb. Distances VIII(old copies) andXIII(modern proposed correction) must remain distinct.","road_construction_type":"No physical pavement specification follows from the inscription alone.","actors":["Hadrian: named imperial addressee","João de Barros: sixteenth-century transmitter","Serra Craesbeck:1724 transmitter","Domingos Tomé da Fonseca:1724 house owner, not ancient road agent"],"latin_excerpt":"a Bracara Aug(usta) / m(ilia) p(assuum) VIII","translation":"From Bracara Augusta,eight Roman miles [old reported reading].","translation_status":"new editorial English translation of short public-domain Latin excerpt","alterations":["Collapsed/lost historical object; wall-foundation reuse reported."],"limits":["4737and 4739 are merged as one case, following modern identity proposal and EDCS concordance.","Date 135, original location atSantiago de Antas, andXIII mileage require editorial corrections. None is direct surviving measurement."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4737","title":"Emil Hübner, CIL II (1869), no.4737","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=688","locator":"no.4737, printed p.632 / local ","type":"original corpus entry","consulted":"source edition text AND rendered page visually inspected; no stone autopsy","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"original corpus entry","page_image":"evidence/cil-ii-1869-p632.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 632","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4739","title":"Emil Hübner, CIL II (1869), no.4739","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=689","locator":"no.4739, printed p.633 / local ","type":"original corpus entry","consulted":"source edition text AND rendered page visually inspected; no stone autopsy","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"original corpus entry","page_image":"evidence/cil-ii-1869-p633.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 633","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"mantas-2015","title":"Vasco Gil Mantas, Os Miliários de Adriano da Via Bracara-Cale, Portvgalia n.s.36 (2015),231–248","url":"https://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/13814.pdf","locator":"pp.238–240, fig.6–7; whole-volume ","type":"scholarly publication","consulted":"PDF downloaded and text inspected; printed p.240 visually inspected","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"scholarly publication","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"mantas-2022","title":"Vasco Gil Mantas, Notas sobre o eixo viário Olisipo–Bracara e a sua epigrafia, Conimbriga61 (2022),209–257","url":"https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-8657_61_6","locator":"p.237 ","type":"scholarly publication","consulted":"downloaded publisher PDF, relevant text inspected","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"scholarly publication","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"EDCS-05600104","title":"EDCS-05600104 in EDCS 2022-09-12 local snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi.php?s_sprache=en","locator":"EDCS-05600104","type":"catalogue snapshot","consulted":"full local JSON record inspected; current online record not rechecked","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"catalogue snapshot"},{"id":"cil-ii-4737-catalogue-EDCS-05600104","title":"EDCS-05600104 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05600104","locator":"EDCS-05600104; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"locations":[{"id":"cil4737-original","role":"original-emplacement","label":"Santiago de Antas area proposed; exact station unknown","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"precision":"hypothetical area","status":"interpretation","accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"hypothetical area","date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"U","reason":"This assertion has not been admitted as the reviewed road-association context.","source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil4737-ducal","role":"former-repository","label":"Ducal house, Vila Nova de Famalicão,16thcentury","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4737","mantas-2015"],"precision":"house position unlocated","status":"historical secondary location","accuracy_m":null,"valid_start":1500,"valid_end":1599,"precision_note":"house position unlocated","date_display":"Location history from 1500; last cited report 1599; continuity not independently established","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. 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It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["EDCS-05600104"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil-ii-4737-catalogue-EDCS-05600104","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-05600104","label":"Vila Nova de Famalicao","coordinates":[-8.5187216,41.4062739],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05600104","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["cil-ii-4737-catalogue-EDCS-05600104"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-ii-4737-catalogue-EDCS-05600104"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"reported_location","label":"Barros describes stone in ducal house","start":1500,"end":1599,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4737","mantas-2015"],"status":"publication-reported","id":"cil-ii-4737-event1","date_display":"1500–1599"},{"kind":"reported_location","label":"Craesbeck describes damaged cellar stone","start":1724,"end":1724,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4739","mantas-2015"],"status":"publication-reported","id":"cil-ii-4737-event2","date_display":"1724"},{"kind":"reuse","label":"Mantas reports incorporation into wall foundations in 1734","start":1734,"end":1734,"source_ids":["mantas-2015"],"status":"publication-reported; identity conditional","id":"cil-ii-4737-event3","date_display":"1734"}],"date_phases":[{"label":"Single Hadrianic inscription; exact year unresolved","start":119,"end":138,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4737","cil-ii-1869-4739"],"status":"broad bounds; one physical inscription","id":"cil-ii-4737-phase1","basis":"CIL prints 134; no tribunician ordinal survives in the transmitted version. Mantas 2015 pp.238–239 and 2022 p.237 propose correctingIMP V toIMP II, which would indicate 135. As this is conjectural, the admitted envelope remains 119–138 (Hadrian after consulIII).","date_display":"119–138 CE broad bounds;134 inCIL;135 conditional modern proposal"}],"location_audit_notes":["The citypoint can open this dossier but cannot identify either reported house or ancient station."],"rejected_catalogue_coordinates":[],"inspected_on":"2026-10-17","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-05600104"],"date_basis":"CIL prints 134; no tribunician ordinal survives in the transmitted version. Mantas 2015 pp.238–239 and 2022 p.237 propose correctingIMP V toIMP II,which would indicate 135. As this is conjectural,the admitted envelope remains 119–138 (Hadrian after consulIII).","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4737","cil-ii-1869-4739","mantas-2015","mantas-2022","EDCS-05600104"],"chronology_audit":{"date_basis":"CIL prints 134; no tribunician ordinal survives in the transmitted version. Mantas 2015 pp.238–239 and 2022 p.237 propose correctingIMP V toIMP II,which would indicate 135. 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This precisely named reuse site is not the original mile-XIV station.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4740"],"exact_locators":"CIL II 4740, p.633, discovery lemma citing Serra's 1724 letter.","source_refs":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4740","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=689","locator":"no.4740, printed p.633 / local ","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"secure reported chapel-wall reuse","pending_requirements":["Locate the chapel with independent heritage/topographic evidence and search for pre-reuse discovery evidence."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["cil4740-chapel"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":true,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-ii-4756","label":"Maximinus and Maximus:roads and bridges restored, Braga collection","identifiers":["CIL II 4756","ILS 490","EDCS-05600122"],"object_type":"milestone","date_start":238,"date_end":238,"date_display":"238 CE (CIL editorial date; problematic tribunicianV)","location_relation":"reported","location_status":"See separately sourced location history.","findspot":{"label":"Original findspot and specific source-road unknown; stone historically collected in Braga.","coordinates":null,"accuracy_m":null},"repository":{"label":"Largo das Carvalheiras,Braga,inCIL 1869;current custody not established","coordinates":null,"current_status_verified":false},"road_action":"Explicit restoration of roads and bridges; the formula supplies a stated cause and administrative supervisor, without specifying pavement material, individual bridges, or workforce.","road_construction_type":"No physical pavement specification follows from the inscription alone.","actors":["Maximinus Thrax: emperor and grammatical subject of restoration","Gaius Julius Verus Maximus: Caesar, son and joint grammatical subject","Quintus Decius: named supervising imperial propraetorian legate; identification with later emperor is debated in CIL","Ancient labourers/contractors: not named"],"latin_excerpt":"vias et pontes tempore / vetustatis conlapsos / restituerunt curante Q(uinto) / Decio leg(ato) Augg(ustorum) pr(o) pr(aetore)","translation":"They restored roads and bridges that had collapsed through age,under the supervision of Quintus Decius,imperial propraetorian legate.","translation_status":"new editorial English translation of short public-domain Latin excerpt","alterations":["Modern renewal/re-engraving of lettering documented by Hübner."],"limits":["No named individual physical road or bridge can be extracted from the plural repair formula.","CIL doubts completeness of final mileage;I may reflect renewed letters.","No firm identification ofQ.Decius with later emperor is admitted."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4756","title":"Emil Hübner, CIL II (1869), no.4756","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=691","locator":"no.4756, printed p.635 / local ","type":"original corpus entry","consulted":"source edition text AND rendered page visually inspected; no stone autopsy","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"original corpus entry","page_image":"evidence/cil-ii-1869-p635.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 635","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"EDCS-05600122","title":"EDCS-05600122 in EDCS 2022-09-12 local snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi.php?s_sprache=en","locator":"EDCS-05600122","type":"catalogue snapshot","consulted":"full local JSON record inspected; current online record not rechecked","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"catalogue snapshot"},{"id":"cil-ii-4756-catalogue-EDCS-05600122","title":"EDCS-05600122 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05600122","locator":"EDCS-05600122; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"locations":[{"id":"cil4756-original","role":"original-emplacement","label":"Unknown road exiting Bracara","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4756"],"precision":"unlocated","status":"unknown; CIL declines specific road assignment","accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"unlocated","date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"Ancient provenance is unestablished; this assertion supplies recovery or reporting context only.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4756"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T6","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil4756-public","role":"former-repository","label":"Braga:public-square/Campo de Santana/Largo das Carvalheiras collection","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4756"],"precision":"named historical collection places","status":"secondary collection","accuracy_m":null,"valid_end":1869,"precision_note":"named historical collection places","date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4756"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T6","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil4756-locality","role":"catalogue-locality","label":"Braga:EDCS source-locality point","coordinates":[-8.4280045,41.5510583],"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","source_ids":["EDCS-05600122"],"precision":"city locality only","status":"proxy; neither original position nor museum pin","accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"city locality only","date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","comparison_eligible":false,"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi.php?s_sprache=en","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["EDCS-05600122"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T6","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil-ii-4756-catalogue-EDCS-05600122","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-05600122","label":"Braga / Bracara Augusta","coordinates":[-8.4280045,41.5510583],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05600122","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["cil-ii-4756-catalogue-EDCS-05600122"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-ii-4756-catalogue-EDCS-05600122"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T6","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"reengraving","label":"Letters openly renewed before Hübner inspection","start":null,"end":1869,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4756"],"status":"direct corpus-editor observation","id":"cil-ii-4756-event1","date_display":"By 1869"}],"date_phases":[{"label":"Maximinus/Maximus restoration text","start":238,"end":238,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4756"],"status":"corpus-dating; anomaly flagged","id":"cil-ii-4756-phase1","basis":"CIL editorial date 238. TribunicianV is problematic for Maximinus; it must not be automatically converted into 239. CIL p.635 discusses the problem and inscription renewal.","date_display":"238 CE (CIL editorial date; problematic tribunicianV)"}],"location_audit_notes":[],"rejected_catalogue_coordinates":[],"inspected_on":"2026-10-17","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-05600122"],"date_basis":"CIL editorial date 238. TribunicianV is problematic for Maximinus; it must not be automatically converted into 239. CIL p.635 discusses the problem and inscription renewal.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4756","EDCS-05600122"],"chronology_audit":{"date_basis":"CIL editorial date 238. TribunicianV is problematic for Maximinus; it must not be automatically converted into 239. CIL p.635 discusses the problem and inscription renewal.","ancient_dates_separate_from_modern_history":true,"unresolved_dates":["Letters openly renewed before Hübner inspection"]},"evidence_audit":{"original_cil_entry_inspected":true,"rendered_cil_page_inspected":true,"stone_autopsy":false,"current_repository_verified_in_2026":false,"database_coordinates_not_promoted_to_findspots":true},"actor_roles":[{"label":"Maximinus Thrax","role":"emperor and grammatical subject of restoration","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4756"]},{"label":"Gaius Julius Verus Maximus","role":"Caesar,son and joint grammatical subject","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4756"]},{"label":"Quintus Decius","role":"named supervising imperial propraetorian legate; identification with later emperor is debated in CIL","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4756"]},{"label":"Ancient labourers/contractors","role":"not named","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4756"]}],"region":"Hispania","work_category":"road-and-bridge-restoration","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"CIL editorial date 238. TribunicianV is problematic for Maximinus; it must not be automatically converted into 239. CIL p.635 discusses the problem and inscription renewal.","alteration_category":"Not established","spatial_evidence":{"label":"Maximinus and Maximus:roads and bridges restored, Braga collection","tier":"T6","rationale":"CIL describes the Braga collection at Largo das Carvalheiras and explicitly rejects confident assignment of this stone to a particular road. Restoration wording cannot supply the missing findspot.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4756"],"exact_locators":"CIL II 4756 p.635, final editorial sentence; collection introduction pp.633-634.","source_refs":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4756","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=691","locator":"no.4756, printed p.635 / local ","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"historical public collection only; specific original road unknown","pending_requirements":["Recover pre-collection provenance; do not use plural roads-and-bridges wording as an alignment coordinate."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["cil4756-public"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-ii-4799","label":"Flavian milestone reused in Santiago de Vilela portico","identifiers":["CIL II 4799"],"object_type":"milestone","date_start":79,"date_end":80,"date_display":"79–80 CE (series attribution; imperial heading missing)","location_relation":"reported","location_status":"See separately sourced location history.","findspot":{"label":"Portico of Santiago de Vilela,Geira road context; original mile station not independently located.","coordinates":null,"accuracy_m":null},"repository":{"label":"Historical Santiago de Vilela portico;current whereabouts not established","coordinates":null,"current_status_verified":false},"road_action":"Governor and mileage preserved in historical copies; Flavian Via Nova attribution is editorial. No independent roadwork verb survives in this old extract.","road_construction_type":"No physical pavement specification follows from the inscription alone.","actors":["Gaius Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus: named imperial legate","Titus and Domitian: series attribution by corpus editor; absent from surviving extract","Bernardo deBrito: early transmitter from friends, not an ancient construction agent"],"latin_excerpt":"C(aio) Calpetano [Rantio] / Quirinali Val[erio] / Festo leg(ato) Aug(usti)","translation":"Gaius Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus,imperial legate [names partly restored].","translation_status":"new editorial English translation of short public-domain Latin excerpt","alterations":["Portico reuse; imperial heading/text largely absent in transmitted extract."],"limits":["CIL 1869 readsX miles; EDCS 2022 givesXIII. No silent harmonisation.","CIL section introduction says Hübner did not visit this stretch; knowledge mediated by earlier reporters."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4799","title":"Emil Hübner, CIL II (1869), no.4799","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=696","locator":"no.4799, printed p.640 / local ","type":"original corpus entry","consulted":"source edition text AND rendered page visually inspected; no stone autopsy","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"original corpus entry","page_image":"evidence/cil-ii-1869-p640.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 640","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"EDCS-05600165","title":"EDCS-05600165 in EDCS 2022-09-12 local snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi.php?s_sprache=en","locator":"EDCS-05600165","type":"catalogue snapshot","consulted":"full local JSON record inspected; current online record not rechecked","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"catalogue snapshot"}],"locations":[{"id":"cil4799-portico","role":"secondary-findspot","label":"Portico of Santiago de Vilela, Geira route","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4799"],"precision":"named church portico only","status":"historical secondary location","accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"named church portico only","date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","reason":"CIL reports the object in the Santiago de Vilela portico. The surrounding Via Nova corpus context does not establish that this portable stone retained its original station.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4799"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":false}}],"events":[{"kind":"reuse","label":"Recorded in church portico","start":null,"end":1869,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4799"],"status":"historical architectural reuse; exact recording date not assigned","id":"cil-ii-4799-event1","date_display":"By 1869"}],"date_phases":[{"label":"Flavian series attribution","start":79,"end":80,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4799","EDCS-05600165"],"status":"series-inference","id":"cil-ii-4799-phase1","basis":"EDCS 2022 gives 79–80; CIL assigns to Titus/Domitian by comparison with neighboring Via Nova texts. Exact titulature absent; do not treat 79–80as an individually preserved date.","date_display":"79–80 CE (series attribution; imperial heading missing)"}],"location_audit_notes":["Reject EDCS Vilela[-7.6197511,41.9670368]: conflicts with Santiago de Vilela in Geira context and appears to select a homonymous locality; no replacement point guessed."],"rejected_catalogue_coordinates":["EDCS-05600165"],"inspected_on":"2026-10-17","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-05600165"],"date_basis":"EDCS 2022 gives79–80; CIL assigns to Titus/Domitian by comparison with neighboring Via Nova texts. Exact titulature absent; do not treat79–80as an individually preserved date.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4799","EDCS-05600165"],"chronology_audit":{"date_basis":"EDCS 2022 gives79–80; CIL assigns to Titus/Domitian by comparison with neighboring Via Nova texts. Exact titulature absent; do not treat79–80as an individually preserved date.","ancient_dates_separate_from_modern_history":true,"unresolved_dates":["Recorded in church portico"]},"evidence_audit":{"original_cil_entry_inspected":true,"rendered_cil_page_inspected":true,"stone_autopsy":false,"current_repository_verified_in_2026":false,"database_coordinates_not_promoted_to_findspots":true},"actor_roles":[{"label":"Gaius Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus","role":"named imperial legate","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4799"]},{"label":"Titus and Domitian","role":"series attribution by corpus editor; absent from surviving extract","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4799"]},{"label":"Bernardo deBrito","role":"early transmitter from friends,not an ancient construction agent","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4799"]}],"region":"Hispania","work_category":"series-attribution","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"EDCS 2022 gives 79–80; CIL assigns to Titus/Domitian by comparison with neighboring Via Nova texts. Exact titulature absent; do not treat 79–80as an individually preserved date.","alteration_category":"Not established","spatial_evidence":{"label":"Flavian milestone reused in Santiago de Vilela portico","tier":"T4","rationale":"CIL reports the object in the Santiago de Vilela portico. The surrounding Via Nova corpus context does not establish that this portable stone retained its original station.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4799"],"exact_locators":"CIL II 4799 p.640, locality lemma; Via Nova introductory discussion pp.639-640.","source_refs":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4799","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=696","locator":"no.4799, printed p.640 / local ","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"named secondary portico setting; original station unknown","pending_requirements":["Locate the historical portico and recover earlier find context; retain rejected homonymous Vilela catalogue coordinate."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["cil4799-portico"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":true,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-ii-4802","label":"Via Nova, mile XVIII at Valfoios above Nazaret, Chorense","identifiers":["CIL II 4802"],"object_type":"milestone","date_start":80,"date_end":80,"date_display":"80 CE (series dating; surviving fragmentary consulVII)","location_relation":"reported","location_status":"See separately sourced location history.","findspot":{"label":"Valfoios,above Nazaret,inChorense,Geira route; specific ancient setting unverified.","coordinates":null,"accuracy_m":null},"repository":{"label":"Historic Valfoios road locality;present condition/custody not verified","coordinates":null,"current_status_verified":false},"road_action":"Via Nova explicitly named; no surviving verb in CIL extract. Construction of the new road follows series context and must be labelled accordingly.","road_construction_type":"No physical pavement specification follows from the inscription alone.","actors":["Gaius Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus: named imperial propraetorian legate","Domitian:Titus-series restoration, only consulVII remnant represented","Ancient workforce:not named"],"latin_excerpt":"C(aio) Calpetano Rantio / Quirinale Valerio Festo / leg(ato) Aug(usti) pro pr(aetore) via / nova m(ilia) p(assuum) XVIII","translation":"Under Gaius Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus,imperial propraetorian legate:the Via Nova,eighteen Roman miles.","translation_status":"new editorial English translation of short public-domain Latin excerpt","alterations":["Fragmentary upper text; nineteenth-century reporter judged letters unreadable."],"limits":["CIL Hübner did not see this road section in person.","ConsulVII/80dating is supplied in a fragmentary Flavian series context.","Locality marker cannot arbitrate exact alignment."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4802","title":"Emil Hübner, CIL II (1869), no.4802","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=696","locator":"no.4802, printed p.640 / local ","type":"original corpus entry","consulted":"source edition text AND rendered page visually inspected; no stone autopsy","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"original corpus entry","page_image":"evidence/cil-ii-1869-p640.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 640","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"EDCS-05600168","title":"EDCS-05600168 in EDCS 2022-09-12 local snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi.php?s_sprache=en","locator":"EDCS-05600168","type":"catalogue snapshot","consulted":"full local JSON record inspected; current online record not rechecked","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"catalogue snapshot"},{"id":"cil-ii-4802-catalogue-EDCS-05600168","title":"EDCS-05600168 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05600168","locator":"EDCS-05600168; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"locations":[{"id":"cil4802-valfoios","role":"reported-locality","label":"Valfoios above Nazaret, Chorense","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4802"],"precision":"historical named place; no direct point","status":"reported road context; original emplacement unproved","accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"historical named place; no direct point","date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T3","reason":"The CIL road dossier places the column at Valfoios above Nazaret/Chorense in the Geira corridor and reports surviving road fabric generally, but no individual original socket or surveyed stone position.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4802"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"cil4802-locality","role":"catalogue-locality","label":"Chorense:EDCS locality proxy","coordinates":[-8.2906972,41.7017508],"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","source_ids":["EDCS-05600168"],"precision":"locality only","status":"proxy; not the Valfoios stone coordinate","accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"locality only","date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","comparison_eligible":false,"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi.php?s_sprache=en","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["EDCS-05600168"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil-ii-4802-catalogue-EDCS-05600168","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-05600168","label":"Chorense","coordinates":[-8.2906972,41.7017508],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05600168","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["cil-ii-4802-catalogue-EDCS-05600168"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-ii-4802-catalogue-EDCS-05600168"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"observation","label":"Barros Sibelo reports stone unreadable in the19thcentury","start":1800,"end":1869,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4802"],"status":"historical report; exact year not assigned","id":"cil-ii-4802-event1","date_display":"1800–1869"}],"date_phases":[{"label":"Flavian Via Nova fragment","start":80,"end":80,"source_ids":["EDCS-05600168"],"status":"series-dating","id":"cil-ii-4802-phase1","basis":"EDCS 2022 dates 80. CIL fragment begins with a survivingconsVII after lost upper lines; imperial names/date are supplied by parallel series, not a complete preserved heading.","date_display":"80 CE (series dating; surviving fragmentary consulVII)"}],"location_audit_notes":[],"rejected_catalogue_coordinates":[],"inspected_on":"2026-10-17","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-05600168"],"date_basis":"EDCS 2022 dates80. CIL fragment begins with a survivingconsVII after lost upper lines; imperial names/date are supplied by parallel series,not a complete preserved heading.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4802","EDCS-05600168"],"chronology_audit":{"date_basis":"EDCS 2022 dates80. CIL fragment begins with a survivingconsVII after lost upper lines; imperial names/date are supplied by parallel series,not a complete preserved heading.","ancient_dates_separate_from_modern_history":true,"unresolved_dates":[]},"evidence_audit":{"original_cil_entry_inspected":true,"rendered_cil_page_inspected":true,"stone_autopsy":false,"current_repository_verified_in_2026":false,"database_coordinates_not_promoted_to_findspots":true},"actor_roles":[{"label":"Gaius Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus","role":"named imperial propraetorian legate","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4802"]},{"label":"Domitian","role":"Titus-series restoration,only consulVII remnant represented","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4802"]},{"label":"Ancient workforce","role":"not named","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4802"]}],"region":"Hispania","work_category":"via-nova-fragment","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"EDCS 2022 dates 80. CIL fragment begins with a survivingconsVII after lost upper lines; imperial names/date are supplied by parallel series, not a complete preserved heading.","alteration_category":"Not established","spatial_evidence":{"label":"Via Nova, mile XVIII at Valfoios above Nazaret, Chorense","tier":"T3","rationale":"The CIL road dossier places the column at Valfoios above Nazaret/Chorense in the Geira corridor and reports surviving road fabric generally, but no individual original socket or surveyed stone position.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4802"],"exact_locators":"CIL II 4802 p.640; Via Nova introductory discussion pp.639-640.","source_refs":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4802","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=696","locator":"no.4802, printed p.640 / local ","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"historical road-corridor context; individual original position unproved","pending_requirements":["Inspect the earlier Argote report and site survey; establish whether the reported object stood beside independently identified road fabric."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["cil4802-valfoios"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-ii-4803","label":"Titus and Domitian, Via Nova mile XIX at Saim/Lagedos","identifiers":["CIL II 4803","EE VIII 228","EDCS-05600169","HEpOL 10342"],"object_type":"milestone","date_start":80,"date_end":80,"date_display":"80 CE (CIL and EDCS, titulatureIX/consulVIII)","location_relation":"reported","location_status":"See separately sourced location history.","findspot":{"label":"Saim/Lagedos inGeira corridor;historical group of four columns. Original emplacement of this individual stone not independently verified.","coordinates":null,"accuracy_m":null},"repository":{"label":"HistoricSaim/Lagedos column group;current location not verified in consulted corpus and snapshot","coordinates":null,"current_status_verified":false},"road_action":"Via Nova facta explicitly preserved in later catalogue edition; CIL 1869 already conjectures the phrase missing from its shorter old copy. No pavement composition or workforce follows fromfacta.","road_construction_type":"No physical pavement specification follows from the inscription alone.","actors":["Titus: reigning emperor in dating formula","Domitian: Caesar, brother ofTitus; name recorded as erased","Gaius Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus:imperial propraetorian legate","Vespasian:deified father in imperial genealogy, not a separately evidenced construction workforce"],"latin_excerpt":"via Nova facta / C(aio) Calpetano Rantio / Quirinale Valerio / Festo leg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore)","translation":"The Via Nova was made under Gaius Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus,imperial propraetorian legate.","translation_status":"new editorial English translation of short public-domain Latin excerpt","alterations":["Domitian name erased; no automatic attribution of exact date or political motive.","CIL reports19thcentury complete illegibility despite physical survival."],"limits":["MileageXIX=19inCIL andEDCS. Do not misassign the widespread photo captionXXIX=29or its Campo do Gerês location to this object.","CIL 1869 only conjecturesvia nova facta in shortened copy; EDCS later edition supplies it, but its bibliographic chain is not a modern autopsy.","No definitive present museum or emplacement admitted."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4803","title":"Emil Hübner, CIL II (1869), no.4803","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=696","locator":"no.4803, printed p.640 / local ","type":"original corpus entry","consulted":"source edition text AND rendered page visually inspected; no stone autopsy","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"original corpus entry","page_image":"evidence/cil-ii-1869-p640.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 640","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"EDCS-05600169","title":"EDCS-05600169 in EDCS 2022-09-12 local snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi.php?s_sprache=en","locator":"EDCS-05600169","type":"catalogue snapshot","consulted":"full local JSON record inspected; current online record not rechecked","consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"catalogue snapshot"},{"id":"cil-ii-4803-catalogue-EDCS-05600169","title":"EDCS-05600169 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05600169","locator":"EDCS-05600169; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"locations":[{"id":"cil4803-lagedos","role":"reported-locality","label":"Saim, Lagedos, historical four-column group","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4803"],"precision":"named historical site only","status":"roadside group; original emplacement unproved","accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"named historical site only","date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T3","reason":"CIL reports a four-column group at Saim/Lagedos within the Via Nova dossier, but not an individually secured original position. A roadside group can have accumulated displaced stones.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4803"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"cil4803-locality","role":"catalogue-locality","label":"Saim:EDCS locality proxy","coordinates":[-8.2827902,41.7103701],"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","source_ids":["EDCS-05600169"],"precision":"locality point; no supplied accuracy","status":"proxy only; not stone-level survey","accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"locality point; no supplied accuracy","date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","comparison_eligible":false,"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi.php?s_sprache=en","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["EDCS-05600169"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil-ii-4803-catalogue-EDCS-05600169","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-05600169","label":"Saim","coordinates":[-8.2827902,41.7103701],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05600169","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["cil-ii-4803-catalogue-EDCS-05600169"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-ii-4803-catalogue-EDCS-05600169"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"kind":"erasure","label":"Domitian name marked erased in CIL print and later EDCS edition","start":null,"end":null,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4803","EDCS-05600169"],"status":"erasure reported; date and motive unproved here","id":"cil-ii-4803-event1","date_display":"Date unspecified"},{"kind":"observation","label":"Nineteenth-century reporter found column extant but all letters faded","start":1800,"end":1869,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4803"],"status":"historical report; precise year unassigned","id":"cil-ii-4803-event2","date_display":"1800–1869"}],"date_phases":[{"label":"Titus/Domitian Via Nova inscription","start":80,"end":80,"source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4803","EDCS-05600169"],"status":"titulature-dating","id":"cil-ii-4803-phase1","basis":"CIL editorial 80; Titus trib.pot.IX, consulVIII; Domitian consulVII. Preserve80instead of inferring a later year from museum labels or generic construction narratives.","date_display":"80 CE (CIL and EDCS, titulatureIX/consulVIII)"}],"location_audit_notes":["Saim locality matches historical name but does not resolve the preciseLagedos station.","Public image labels that callCIL 4803mileXXIX/Campo do Gerês conflict with corpusXIX; image-caption geometry quarantined, not adopted."],"rejected_catalogue_coordinates":[],"inspected_on":"2026-10-17","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-05600169"],"date_basis":"CIL editorial80; Titus trib.pot.IX,consulVIII; Domitian consulVII. Preserve80instead of inferring a later year from museum labels or generic construction narratives.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4803","EDCS-05600169"],"chronology_audit":{"date_basis":"CIL editorial80; Titus trib.pot.IX,consulVIII; Domitian consulVII. Preserve80instead of inferring a later year from museum labels or generic construction narratives.","ancient_dates_separate_from_modern_history":true,"unresolved_dates":["Domitian name marked erased in CIL print and later EDCS edition"]},"evidence_audit":{"original_cil_entry_inspected":true,"rendered_cil_page_inspected":true,"stone_autopsy":false,"current_repository_verified_in_2026":false,"database_coordinates_not_promoted_to_findspots":true},"actor_roles":[{"label":"Titus","role":"reigning emperor in dating formula","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4803"]},{"label":"Domitian","role":"Caesar,brother ofTitus; name recorded as erased","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4803"]},{"label":"Gaius Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus","role":"imperial propraetorian legate","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4803"]},{"label":"Vespasian","role":"deified father in imperial genealogy,not a separately evidenced construction workforce","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4803"]}],"region":"Hispania","work_category":"road-construction","record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"dating_basis":"CIL editorial 80; Titus trib.pot.IX, consulVIII; Domitian consulVII. Preserve80instead of inferring a later year from museum labels or generic construction narratives.","alteration_category":"Not established","spatial_evidence":{"label":"Titus and Domitian, Via Nova mile XIX at Saim/Lagedos","tier":"T3","rationale":"CIL reports a four-column group at Saim/Lagedos within the Via Nova dossier, but not an individually secured original position. A roadside group can have accumulated displaced stones.","source_ids":["cil-ii-1869-4803"],"exact_locators":"CIL II 4803 p.640, discovery lemma and editorial note; Via Nova introduction pp.639-640.","source_refs":[{"id":"cil-ii-1869-4803","url":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951001453302&seq=696","locator":"no.4803, printed p.640 / local ","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"historic road-corridor column group; original individual position unproved","pending_requirements":["Resolve the historical group location and movements; independently inspect road fabric; retain XIX against misleading XXIX captions."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["cil4803-lagedos"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-x-8001-orri","label":"Philip I and II: Nora–Karales repair at Orri","identifiers":["CIL X 8001"],"date_start":248,"date_end":248,"date_display":"248 CE; Rathmann proposes the second half of the year","location_relation":"findspot","location_status":"Publication-specific location history; original road emplacement not demonstrated","findspot":{"label":"Orri: discovered May 1846; precise spot unreported","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Publication identifies this locality/context, but supplies no admitted WGS 84 point; no road segment is validated by this place name alone.","source_id":"cil-x-8001-1883"},"repository":{"label":"Museum at Cagliari; donation by Marchese Manca reported in CIL 1883","coordinates":null,"accession":null,"attestation_date":"1883","current_status":"Current custody unverified unless explicitly identified by a current institutional record."},"road_action":"Explicit restoration of the road leading from Nora to Karales, said to have deteriorated with age; no construction fabric specified.","actors":["Philip I (imperial actor)","Philip II (joint imperial actor)","M[---]o[---]ia[---] (fragmentary supervising name; identification uncertain)","Marchese Manca (modern donor)"],"latin_excerpt":"viam quae ducit a Nora Karalib(us) vetustate corruptam restituerunt","translation":"They restored the road leading from Nora to Karales, which had deteriorated with age.","translation_status":"New editorial English rendering; square brackets mark editorial restoration or loss","alterations":["Last lines fragmentary; imperial titulature contains a problematic tribunician numeral for Philip II."],"limits":["XI is the distance numeral. CIL discusses anomalous imperial numerals; do not silently regularize them.","Orri here belongs to the southern Nora–Karales road. The University of Pisa CLASSES export labels it Lido di Orrì (NU); that east-coast identification is geographically incompatible and is not admitted as a findspot.","CIL museum custody is a historical attestation, not confirmation of present storage or display."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-x-8001-1883","title":"Th. Mommsen, CIL X/2 (1883), no. 8001","url":"https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/books/CILv10pII1883","locator":"printed p. 832; entry 8001; local  (one-based)","type":"original CIL entry directly inspected from local scan and rendered page","cil_status":"Full original CIL object entry inspected; later revisions remain separate","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Full original CIL object entry inspected; later revisions remain separate","page_image":"evidence/cil-x-1883-p832.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 832","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"rathmann-2003-ii66","title":"M. Rathmann, Untersuchungen zu den Reichsstraßen (2003)","url":"https://books.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum/catalog/view/362/510/80926","locator":"p. 194, appendix II.66; notes 1047–1048","type":"Scholarly edition passage visible in indexed text; full PDF access denied","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Scholarly edition passage visible in indexed text; full PDF access denied"}],"road_construction_type":"Roadwork verbs are reported separately from road fabric; no paving material or construction section established by this inscription.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","locations":[{"role":"findspot","label":"Orri, discovery in May 1846","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"cil-x-8001-1883","attested_date":"1846-05","source_ids":["cil-x-8001-1883"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"1846-05","id":"cil-x-8001-orri-location1","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"CIL gives only Orri and May 1846 discovery before museum donation. The road-name inscription identifies a Nora-Karales relationship but does not fix the exact discovery or original station.","source_ids":["cil-x-8001-1883"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"role":"former-repository","label":"Museum at Cagliari, as reported in CIL 1883","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"cil-x-8001-1883","attested_date":"1883","source_ids":["cil-x-8001-1883"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"1883","id":"cil-x-8001-orri-location2","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-x-8001-1883"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"type":"discovery","label":"Discovery at Orri","start":1846,"end":1846,"date_start":1846,"date_end":1846,"evidence":"CIL heading specifies May 1846.","source_ids":["cil-x-8001-1883"],"date_display":"1846","id":"cil-x-8001-orri-event1","kind":"discovery","basis":"CIL heading specifies May 1846.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"type":"repository","label":"Donation to the Cagliari museum","start":null,"end":1883,"date_start":null,"date_end":1883,"evidence":"CIL reports donor and museum; transfer date not specified.","source_ids":["cil-x-8001-1883"],"date_display":"By 1883","id":"cil-x-8001-orri-event2","kind":"repository","basis":"CIL reports donor and museum; transfer date not specified.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"date_basis":"Imperial consular titles; problematic tribunician numeral retained as a textual issue.","evidence_status":"publication_checked_expansion","region":"Sardinia","work_category":"Repair / restoration stated","alteration_category":"Damage / modern alteration","dating_basis":"Imperial consular titles; problematic tribunician numeral retained as a textual issue.","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-22500778"],"rejected_catalogue_coordinates":["EDCS-22500778"],"rejected_catalogue_coordinate_details":[{"catalogue_id":"EDCS-22500778","place":"Lido di Orri","coordinates":[9.6818594,39.9002854],"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","reason":"The local EDCS snapshot has the same east-coast homonym error as CLASSES. CIL X 8001 concerns the southern Nora–Karales road, so this point must not serve as its findspot or proximity-test location.","source_ids":["cil-x-8001-1883"],"catalogue_source":"site/dist/data/milestones.json, record EDCS-22500778, inspected 2026-10-17"}],"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"date_phases":[{"label":"Joint Philip I/II road restoration","start":248,"end":248,"basis":"CIL: Philip I consul III, Philip II consul II; Rathmann offers a qualified second-half refinement.","source_ids":["cil-x-8001-1883","rathmann-2003-ii66"],"id":"cil-x-8001-orri-phase1","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition","date_display":"248 CE; Rathmann proposes the second half of the year"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Philip I and II: Nora–Karales repair at Orri","tier":"T5","rationale":"CIL gives only Orri and May 1846 discovery before museum donation. The road-name inscription identifies a Nora-Karales relationship but does not fix the exact discovery or original station.","source_ids":["cil-x-8001-1883"],"exact_locators":"CIL X 8001, p.832, discovery lemma and edition.","source_refs":[{"id":"cil-x-8001-1883","url":"https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/books/CILv10pII1883","locator":"printed p. 832; entry 8001; local  (one-based)","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"historical locality plus textual road identification","pending_requirements":["Recover Cara/Casalis discovery detail and distinguish southern Orri from the rejected eastern Sardinian homonym."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["cil-x-8001-orri-location1"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-x-8005-flumentepido","label":"Vespasian at Santa Maria di Flumentepido","identifiers":["CIL X 8005"],"date_start":70,"date_end":70,"date_display":"70 CE; later autopsy favours second half, probably October or later","location_relation":"findspot-reuse","location_status":"Publication-specific location history; original road emplacement not demonstrated","findspot":{"label":"Santa Maria di Flumentepido church exterior, Carbonia; documented reused context","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Publication identifies this locality/context, but supplies no admitted WGS 84 point; no road segment is validated by this place name alone.","source_id":"cil-x-8005-1883"},"repository":{"label":"Church exterior, Santa Maria di Flumentepido: Floris autopsies 2015; institutional catalogue 2014","coordinates":null,"accession":null,"attestation_date":"2015","current_status":"Current custody unverified unless explicitly identified by a current institutional record."},"road_action":"Imperial and proconsular record associated with the Karales–Sulci road. No roadwork verb survives in CIL 8005; a repair must not be inferred from adjacent stone 8006.","actors":["Vespasian (named emperor)","[---]tius Secundus (fragmentary proconsul; later autopsy improves but does not license an invented full name)"],"latin_excerpt":"[---]tio Secundo / [pro]co(n)s(ule)","translation":"Under [---]tius Secundus, proconsul.","translation_status":"New editorial English rendering; square brackets mark editorial restoration or loss","alterations":["Reused outside the church; column set into the ground.","Floris corrects the CIL spelling of the imperial name to abbreviated VESPASIAN, rather than fully written VESPASIANVS."],"limits":["Second-half date and possible October terminus are Floris’s arguments, not an explicitly written month.","The proconsul’s full nomen remains uncertain.","Modern church location is a reuse context; it cannot be treated as original roadside emplacement."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-x-8005-1883","title":"Th. Mommsen, CIL X/2 (1883), no. 8005","url":"https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/books/CILv10pII1883","locator":"printed p. 832; entry 8005; local  (one-based)","type":"original CIL entry directly inspected from local scan and rendered page","cil_status":"Full original CIL object entry inspected; later revisions remain separate","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Full original CIL object entry inspected; later revisions remain separate","page_image":"evidence/cil-x-1883-p832.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 832","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"floris-2016-8005","title":"P. Floris, Breve nota sul miliario CIL X, 8005, Epigraphica 78 (2016), pp. 499–505","url":"https://web.unica.it/unica/en/ateneo_s07_ss01_sss05_ssss01.page?mu=%2Fhandle%2F11584%2F199831","locator":"Author institutional abstract; especially chronology, proconsul and reuse description","type":"Author institutional publication abstract inspected; full article not accessed from this repository","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Author institutional publication abstract inspected; full article not accessed from this repository"},{"id":"floris-2016-8005-indexed","title":"Floris 2016, author-uploaded article text","url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316597904_Breve_nota_sul_miliario_CIL_X_8005_Flumentepido_Carbonia","locator":"pp. 499–505; indexed article text including pp. 499,501–505","type":"Author-uploaded primary research indexed text inspected; no claim of PDF download","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Author-uploaded primary research indexed text inspected; no claim of PDF download"},{"id":"iccd-2000163360","title":"Italian national heritage catalogue, record 2000163360","url":"https://catalogo.cultura.gov.it/detail/SARDEGNA/ArchaeologicalProperty/2000163360","locator":"2014 record: object, locality, cultural attribution and ecclesiastical ownership","type":"Institutional catalogue indexed record inspected; no full-record download","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Institutional catalogue indexed record inspected; no full-record download"},{"id":"cil-x-8005-flumentepido-catalogue-EDCS-22500782","title":"EDCS-22500782 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-22500782","locator":"EDCS-22500782; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"road_construction_type":"Roadwork verbs are reported separately from road fabric; no paving material or construction section established by this inscription.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","locations":[{"role":"secondary-findspot","label":"Santa Maria di Flumentepido church exterior","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"cil-x-8005-1883","attested_date":"attested 1883; again 2015","source_ids":["cil-x-8005-1883"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"attested 1883; again 2015","id":"cil-x-8005-flumentepido-location1","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","reason":"The stone is documented at Santa Maria di Flumentepido church; later scholarship treats the secondary church context. Its ancient proconsular text does not establish an original road station there.","source_ids":["cil-x-8005-1883"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"role":"repository","label":"Church exterior; documented by 2014 catalogue and 2015 autopsy","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"iccd-2000163360","attested_date":"2014–2015","source_ids":["iccd-2000163360"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"2014–2015","id":"cil-x-8005-flumentepido-location2","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["iccd-2000163360"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil-x-8005-flumentepido-catalogue-EDCS-22500782","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-22500782","label":"Barbusi","coordinates":[8.5080156,39.2042667],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-22500782","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["cil-x-8005-flumentepido-catalogue-EDCS-22500782"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-x-8005-flumentepido-catalogue-EDCS-22500782"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"type":"reuse","label":"Reuse outside church","start":null,"end":1841,"date_start":null,"date_end":1841,"evidence":"CIL cites Angius 1841; Floris describes continuing reused position.","source_ids":["cil-x-8005-1883","floris-2016-8005-indexed"],"date_display":"By 1841","id":"cil-x-8005-flumentepido-event1","kind":"reuse","basis":"CIL cites Angius 1841; Floris describes continuing reused position.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"type":"autopsy","label":"Floris direct inspections","start":2015,"end":2015,"date_start":2015,"date_end":2015,"evidence":"Article reports inspections in spring 2015.","source_ids":["floris-2016-8005-indexed"],"date_display":"2015","id":"cil-x-8005-flumentepido-event2","kind":"autopsy","basis":"Article reports inspections in spring 2015.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"date_basis":"Consular titulature; refined dating is a modern autopsy interpretation.","evidence_status":"publication_checked_expansion","region":"Sardinia","work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"Reuse / displacement","dating_basis":"Consular titulature; refined dating is a modern autopsy interpretation.","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-22500782"],"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"date_phases":[{"label":"Vespasian inscription","start":70,"end":70,"basis":"Consul II, designated III and other imperial titles; later autopsy favours second half of 70, probably October onward.","source_ids":["cil-x-8005-1883","floris-2016-8005"],"id":"cil-x-8005-flumentepido-phase1","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition","date_display":"70 CE; later autopsy favours second half, probably October or later"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Vespasian at Santa Maria di Flumentepido","tier":"T4","rationale":"The stone is documented at Santa Maria di Flumentepido church; later scholarship treats the secondary church context. Its ancient proconsular text does not establish an original road station there.","source_ids":["cil-x-8005-1883","floris-2016-8005","floris-2016-8005-indexed","iccd-2000163360"],"exact_locators":"CIL X 8005 p.832, locality lemma; Floris 2016 pp.499-505; ICCD 2000163360 (2014).","source_refs":[{"id":"cil-x-8005-1883","url":"https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/books/CILv10pII1883","locator":"printed p. 832; entry 8005; local  (one-based)","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"floris-2016-8005","url":"https://web.unica.it/unica/en/ateneo_s07_ss01_sss05_ssss01.page?mu=%2Fhandle%2F11584%2F199831","locator":"Author institutional abstract; especially chronology, proconsul and reuse description"},{"id":"floris-2016-8005-indexed","url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316597904_Breve_nota_sul_miliario_CIL_X_8005_Flumentepido_Carbonia","locator":"pp. 499–505; indexed article text including pp. 499,501–505"},{"id":"iccd-2000163360","url":"https://catalogo.cultura.gov.it/detail/SARDEGNA/ArchaeologicalProperty/2000163360","locator":"2014 record: object, locality, cultural attribution and ecclesiastical ownership"}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"church secondary setting; original road station unknown","pending_requirements":["Recover pre-church provenance and georeference the specific church context independently."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["cil-x-8005-flumentepido-location1"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":true,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-x-8006-flumentepido","label":"Karales–Sulci repair fragment reused in church portico","identifiers":["CIL X 8006"],"date_start":null,"date_end":null,"date_display":"Undated; Floris reports a broad 2nd–4th-century range","location_relation":"findspot-reuse","location_status":"Publication-specific location history; original road emplacement not demonstrated","findspot":{"label":"Supporting the roof of Santa Maria di Flumentepido church on the hill","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Publication identifies this locality/context, but supplies no admitted WGS 84 point; no road segment is validated by this place name alone.","source_id":"cil-x-8006-1883"},"repository":{"label":"Reused at church as reported in CIL 1883 and Floris 2016","coordinates":null,"accession":null,"attestation_date":"2016","current_status":"Current custody unverified unless explicitly identified by a current institutional record."},"road_action":"Fragment preserves the Karales–Sulci road designation and deterioration/restoration language; emperor and supervising official cannot be securely recovered.","actors":["Imperial actor unknown","Supervising official fragmentary and unidentified"],"latin_excerpt":"[---]t Karalibus Sul[cos] / [---]tatem corruptam / [---]tuer cur[---]","translation":"[The road leads] from Karales to Sul[ci]; [it was restored after deterioration with age], under [an unidentified supervisor].","translation_status":"New editorial English rendering; square brackets mark editorial restoration or loss","alterations":["Architecturally reused as a support of the church roof/portico.","Beginning and ending of text lost."],"limits":["Do not assign the 70 CE date of neighbouring CIL X 8005 to this distinct support.","CIL prints competing readings of the road-name ending and final line.","Floris’s broad II–IV CE description is recorded as a limit, not converted into an artificially precise timeline span."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-x-8006-1883","title":"Th. Mommsen, CIL X/2 (1883), no. 8006","url":"https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/books/CILv10pII1883","locator":"printed p. 832; entry 8006; local  (one-based)","type":"original CIL entry directly inspected from local scan and rendered page","cil_status":"Full original CIL object entry inspected; later revisions remain separate","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Full original CIL object entry inspected; later revisions remain separate","page_image":"evidence/cil-x-1883-p832.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 832","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"floris-2016-8005-indexed","title":"Floris 2016, author-uploaded article text","url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316597904_Breve_nota_sul_miliario_CIL_X_8005_Flumentepido_Carbonia","locator":"pp. 499–505; indexed article text including pp. 499,501–505","type":"Author-uploaded primary research indexed text inspected; no claim of PDF download","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Author-uploaded primary research indexed text inspected; no claim of PDF download"},{"id":"cil-x-8006-flumentepido-catalogue-EDCS-22500783","title":"EDCS-22500783 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-22500783","locator":"EDCS-22500783; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"road_construction_type":"Roadwork verbs are reported separately from road fabric; no paving material or construction section established by this inscription.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","locations":[{"role":"secondary-findspot","label":"Roof support, Santa Maria di Flumentepido","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"cil-x-8006-1883","attested_date":"1883","source_ids":["cil-x-8006-1883"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"1883","id":"cil-x-8006-flumentepido-location1","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","reason":"CIL explicitly describes the fragment supporting the church roof. A surviving road-name/repair text does not return it to an original roadside position.","source_ids":["cil-x-8006-1883"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"role":"repository","label":"Santa Maria church group as discussed by Floris 2016","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"floris-2016-8005-indexed","attested_date":"2016","source_ids":["floris-2016-8005-indexed"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"2016","id":"cil-x-8006-flumentepido-location2","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["floris-2016-8005-indexed"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil-x-8006-flumentepido-catalogue-EDCS-22500783","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-22500783","label":"Barbusi","coordinates":[8.5080156,39.2042667],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-22500783","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["cil-x-8006-flumentepido-catalogue-EDCS-22500783"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-x-8006-flumentepido-catalogue-EDCS-22500783"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"type":"reuse","label":"Church-roof structural reuse","start":null,"end":1883,"date_start":null,"date_end":1883,"evidence":"CIL explicitly identifies the support function.","source_ids":["cil-x-8006-1883"],"date_display":"By 1883","id":"cil-x-8006-flumentepido-event1","kind":"reuse","basis":"CIL explicitly identifies the support function.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"date_basis":"No date-bearing titulature preserved; broad later dating not forced into the atlas chronological filter.","evidence_status":"publication_checked_expansion","region":"Sardinia","work_category":"Repair / restoration stated","alteration_category":"Reuse / displacement","dating_basis":"No date-bearing titulature preserved; broad later dating not forced into the atlas chronological filter.","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-22500783"],"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"date_phases":[{"label":"Restoration text, date unresolved","start":null,"end":null,"basis":"No secure imperial name or numbered office survives; Floris describes a broad II–IV CE date.","source_ids":["cil-x-8006-1883","floris-2016-8005-indexed"],"id":"cil-x-8006-flumentepido-phase1","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition","date_display":"Undated; Floris reports a broad 2nd–4th-century range"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Karales–Sulci repair fragment reused in church portico","tier":"T4","rationale":"CIL explicitly describes the fragment supporting the church roof. A surviving road-name/repair text does not return it to an original roadside position.","source_ids":["cil-x-8006-1883"],"exact_locators":"CIL X 8006, p.832, locality lemma and edition.","source_refs":[{"id":"cil-x-8006-1883","url":"https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/books/CILv10pII1883","locator":"printed p. 832; entry 8006; local  (one-based)","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"secure roof-support reuse","pending_requirements":["Recover the pre-reuse find context and distinguish this support from neighbouring 8005."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["cil-x-8006-flumentepido-location1"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":true,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-x-8009-cabras","label":"Tharros–Cornus restoration: Cabras reused milestone","identifiers":["CIL X 8009","Henzen 5193"],"date_start":244,"date_end":249,"date_display":"244–249 CE; attribution to Philip I inferred in CIL","location_relation":"findspot-reuse","location_status":"Publication-specific location history; original road emplacement not demonstrated","findspot":{"label":"Cabras: seen in 1830 at the corner of a house, reportedly brought from nearby countryside; Sinis only probable","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Publication identifies this locality/context, but supplies no admitted WGS 84 point; no road segment is validated by this place name alone.","source_id":"cil-x-8009-1883"},"repository":{"label":"Museum at Cagliari, reported CIL 1883","coordinates":null,"accession":null,"attestation_date":"1883","current_status":"Current custody unverified unless explicitly identified by a current institutional record."},"road_action":"Restoration of the Tharros–Cornus road after deterioration with age; road name partly depends on an earlier copy.","actors":["Philip I (editorial attribution from official and parallels; name erased)","Marcus Ulpius Victor (named imperial procurator, supervisor)"],"latin_excerpt":"vetustate corrupta(m) restituit curante M(arco) Ulpio Victore","translation":"He restored [the road], deteriorated with age, under the supervision of Marcus Ulpius Victor.","translation_status":"New editorial English rendering; square brackets mark editorial restoration or loss","alterations":["Already reused at a Cabras house corner in 1830.","Inscription damaged during transfer to Cagliari, according to Della Marmora.","CIL infers erasure of the imperial name."],"limits":["Sinis is a reported probability, not an exact ancient findspot.","CIL’s imperial attribution depends on the named procurator and parallel stones; the erasure motive is unproven.","Cornus depends partly on Della Marmora’s earlier observation before transfer damage."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-x-8009-1883","title":"Th. Mommsen, CIL X/2 (1883), no. 8009","url":"https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/books/CILv10pII1883","locator":"printed p. 833; entry 8009; local  (one-based)","type":"original CIL entry directly inspected from local scan and rendered page","cil_status":"Full original CIL object entry inspected; later revisions remain separate","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Full original CIL object entry inspected; later revisions remain separate","page_image":"evidence/cil-x-1883-p833.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 833","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"cil-x-8009-cabras-catalogue-EDCS-22500786","title":"EDCS-22500786 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-22500786","locator":"EDCS-22500786; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"road_construction_type":"Roadwork verbs are reported separately from road fabric; no paving material or construction section established by this inscription.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","locations":[{"role":"reported-locality","label":"Nearby countryside, probably Sinis: approximate pre-reuse provenance","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"cil-x-8009-1883","attested_date":null,"source_ids":["cil-x-8009-1883"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"Date not specified by source","id":"cil-x-8009-cabras-location1","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"Reported locality or site-complex locator; this is not a surveyed original marker position.","source_ids":["cil-x-8009-1883"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"role":"secondary-findspot","label":"Corner of a house in Cabras, observed 1830","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"cil-x-8009-1883","attested_date":"1830","source_ids":["cil-x-8009-1883"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"1830","id":"cil-x-8009-cabras-location2","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","reason":"CIL records discovery at a house corner in Cabras and a report of movement from nearby countryside, with Sinis only probable. The house is a secondary setting.","source_ids":["cil-x-8009-1883"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"role":"former-repository","label":"Museum at Cagliari in CIL 1883","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"cil-x-8009-1883","attested_date":"1883","source_ids":["cil-x-8009-1883"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"1883","id":"cil-x-8009-cabras-location3","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-x-8009-1883"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil-x-8009-cabras-catalogue-EDCS-22500786","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-22500786","label":"Crabas / Cabras","coordinates":[8.5320543,39.9303142],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-22500786","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["cil-x-8009-cabras-catalogue-EDCS-22500786"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-x-8009-cabras-catalogue-EDCS-22500786"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"type":"reuse","label":"Observed at a Cabras house corner","start":1830,"end":1830,"date_start":1830,"date_end":1830,"evidence":"CIL quotes Della Marmora’s 1830 record.","source_ids":["cil-x-8009-1883"],"date_display":"1830","id":"cil-x-8009-cabras-event1","kind":"reuse","basis":"CIL quotes Della Marmora’s 1830 record.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"type":"damage","label":"Damage on transfer to Cagliari","start":1830,"end":1883,"date_start":1830,"date_end":1883,"evidence":"CIL apparatus reports transfer damage; precise date unknown.","source_ids":["cil-x-8009-1883"],"date_display":"1830–1883","id":"cil-x-8009-cabras-event2","kind":"damage","basis":"CIL apparatus reports transfer damage; precise date unknown.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"date_basis":"Broad reign range from CIL’s explicit imperial attribution; erased name and missing titles prevent finer dating.","evidence_status":"publication_checked_expansion","region":"Sardinia","work_category":"Repair / restoration stated","alteration_category":"Erasure / reuse / displacement","dating_basis":"Broad reign range from CIL’s explicit imperial attribution; erased name and missing titles prevent finer dating.","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-22500786"],"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"date_phases":[{"label":"Restoration and imperial attribution","start":244,"end":249,"basis":"CIL attributes to Philip I by named official and parallels; no direct regnal numeral survives.","source_ids":["cil-x-8009-1883"],"id":"cil-x-8009-cabras-phase1","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition","date_display":"244–249 CE; attribution to Philip I inferred in CIL"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Tharros–Cornus restoration: Cabras reused milestone","tier":"T4","rationale":"CIL records discovery at a house corner in Cabras and a report of movement from nearby countryside, with Sinis only probable. The house is a secondary setting.","source_ids":["cil-x-8009-1883"],"exact_locators":"CIL X 8009, p.833, discovery lemma and apparatus.","source_refs":[{"id":"cil-x-8009-1883","url":"https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/books/CILv10pII1883","locator":"printed p. 833; entry 8009; local  (one-based)","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"documented secondary house context; earlier countryside origin approximate","pending_requirements":["Locate the historical house and seek a source for pre-reuse provenance; do not treat probable Sinis as an exact point."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["cil-x-8009-cabras-location2"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":true,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-x-8011-fordongianus","label":"Aemilian: Karales–Turris restoration at Fordongianus","identifiers":["CIL X 8011","ILS 530","Henzen 5542"],"date_start":253,"date_end":253,"date_display":"253 CE; identification with Aemilian","location_relation":"findspot","location_status":"Publication-specific location history; original road emplacement not demonstrated","findspot":{"label":"Fordongianus: found during modern road building, already published by Baille 1821; exact excavation position unreported","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Publication identifies this locality/context, but supplies no admitted WGS 84 point; no road segment is validated by this place name alone.","source_id":"cil-x-8011-1883"},"repository":{"label":"Museum at Cagliari, recorded 1821 and still there in CIL 1883","coordinates":null,"accession":null,"attestation_date":"1883","current_status":"Current custody unverified unless explicitly identified by a current institutional record."},"road_action":"Road from Karales to Turris; restitution is restored in the edition, rather than fully surviving on the support.","actors":["Aemilian (named emperor)","Marcus Calpurnius Caelianus (named prefect/procurator, supervising official)"],"latin_excerpt":"viam quae ducit a Kar(alibus) Turr(em) / curant(e) M(arco) Calpurnio Caeliano","translation":"The road leading from Karales to Turris, under the supervision of Marcus Calpurnius Caelianus.","translation_status":"New editorial English rendering; square brackets mark editorial restoration or loss","alterations":["Text fragmentary; final restitution verb supplied in the edition.","Recovered during modern road construction, not an excavated in-situ ancient road installation."],"limits":["Printed top numeral is LXXVIIII (79); Rathmann’s prose summary elsewhere gives LXXVIII (78). Retain the textual reading with this discrepancy visible.","CIL’s old index gives 253/254 for Aemilian; this expansion uses 253 CE and records that historical dating discrepancy.","Historic Cagliari museum custody has not been refreshed with an object-level current inventory."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-x-8011-1883","title":"Th. Mommsen, CIL X/2 (1883), no. 8011","url":"https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/books/CILv10pII1883","locator":"printed p. 834; entry 8011; local  (one-based)","type":"original CIL entry directly inspected from local scan and rendered page","cil_status":"Full original CIL object entry inspected; later revisions remain separate","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Full original CIL object entry inspected; later revisions remain separate","page_image":"evidence/cil-x-1883-p834.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 834","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"rathmann-2003-ii68","title":"M. Rathmann, Untersuchungen zu den Reichsstraßen (2003)","url":"https://books.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum/catalog/view/362/510/80926","locator":"appendix II.68(a), pp. 195–196; transcription CIL X 8011 = ILS 530","type":"Scholarly edition passage visible in indexed text; full PDF access denied","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Scholarly edition passage visible in indexed text; full PDF access denied"},{"id":"cil-x-8011-fordongianus-catalogue-EDCS-22500788","title":"EDCS-22500788 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-22500788","locator":"EDCS-22500788; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"road_construction_type":"Roadwork verbs are reported separately from road fabric; no paving material or construction section established by this inscription.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","locations":[{"role":"findspot","label":"Fordongianus, modern road works before 1821","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"cil-x-8011-1883","attested_date":"before or in 1821","source_ids":["cil-x-8011-1883"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"before or in 1821","id":"cil-x-8011-fordongianus-location1","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"CIL says found while a new road was built and transferred to Cagliari by 1821. The new road is a modern discovery event, not evidence that an ancient road setting was excavated.","source_ids":["cil-x-8011-1883"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"role":"former-repository","label":"Museum at Cagliari, attested 1821 and 1883","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"cil-x-8011-1883","attested_date":"1821;1883","source_ids":["cil-x-8011-1883"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"1821;1883","id":"cil-x-8011-fordongianus-location2","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. 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It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-x-8011-fordongianus-catalogue-EDCS-22500788"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"type":"discovery","label":"Modern roadwork discovery","start":null,"end":1821,"date_start":null,"date_end":1821,"evidence":"Baille 1821 already published it; day and precise site unknown.","source_ids":["cil-x-8011-1883"],"date_display":"By 1821","id":"cil-x-8011-fordongianus-event1","kind":"discovery","basis":"Baille 1821 already published it; day and precise site unknown.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"type":"repository","label":"Museum at Cagliari","start":1821,"end":1883,"date_start":1821,"date_end":1883,"evidence":"Both historic attestations are reported by CIL.","source_ids":["cil-x-8011-1883"],"date_display":"1821–1883","id":"cil-x-8011-fordongianus-event2","kind":"repository","basis":"Both historic attestations are reported by CIL.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"date_basis":"Imperial identification; regnal chronology distinguished from nineteenth-century index dating.","evidence_status":"publication_checked_expansion","region":"Sardinia","work_category":"Restoration supplied in edition","alteration_category":"Damage / displacement","dating_basis":"Imperial identification; regnal chronology distinguished from nineteenth-century index dating.","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-22500788"],"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"date_phases":[{"label":"Aemilian and Caelianus road record","start":253,"end":253,"basis":"Imperial name is secure; use Aemilian’s 253 reign, not the outdated 253/254 in the nineteenth-century index.","source_ids":["cil-x-8011-1883","rathmann-2003-ii68"],"id":"cil-x-8011-fordongianus-phase1","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition","date_display":"253 CE; identification with Aemilian"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Aemilian: Karales–Turris restoration at Fordongianus","tier":"T5","rationale":"CIL says found while a new road was built and transferred to Cagliari by 1821. The new road is a modern discovery event, not evidence that an ancient road setting was excavated.","source_ids":["cil-x-8011-1883"],"exact_locators":"CIL X 8011, p.834, discovery lemma; Baille 1821 as cited by CIL.","source_refs":[{"id":"cil-x-8011-1883","url":"https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/books/CILv10pII1883","locator":"printed p. 834; entry 8011; local  (one-based)","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"modern-roadworks discovery locality; ancient placement unproved","pending_requirements":["Recover the 1821 construction/discovery account and independent road excavation documentation."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["cil-x-8011-fordongianus-location1"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-x-8013-fordongianus","label":"Carus, Carinus and Numerian: Fordongianus column","identifiers":["CIL X 8013","Henzen 5556"],"date_start":282,"date_end":283,"date_display":"Late 282–spring 283 CE; sons styled Caesares","location_relation":"findspot","location_status":"Publication-specific location history; original road emplacement not demonstrated","findspot":{"label":"Vicinity of Fordongianus: found during new-road construction around 1820, published 1821","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Publication identifies this locality/context, but supplies no admitted WGS 84 point; no road segment is validated by this place name alone.","source_id":"cil-x-8013-1883"},"repository":{"label":"Museum at Cagliari; CIL 1883 historic attestation. Modern custody not established by the RAS article.","coordinates":null,"accession":null,"attestation_date":"1883","current_status":"Current custody unverified unless explicitly identified by a current institutional record."},"road_action":"Imperial dedication naming provincial supervision. No explicit roadwork verb is preserved.","actors":["Carus (emperor)","Carinus (Caesar)","Numerian (Caesar)","Marcus Aelius Vitalis (provincial praeses, supervisor)"],"latin_excerpt":"curante M(arco) A(e)lio Vitale / [---] praes(ide) provinci(a)e Sardini(a)e","translation":"Under the supervision of Marcus Aelius Vitalis, governor of the province of Sardinia.","translation_status":"New editorial English rendering; square brackets mark editorial restoration or loss","alterations":["Upper portion fragmentary.","Recovered during road construction; original roadside location is not demonstrated."],"limits":["Date applies to this inscription’s configuration of ruler statuses, not to the entire reigns of Carinus or Numerian.","Rathmann dates late 282–spring 283; RAS gives the broader 282–283.","No surviving numeral establishes a secure caput/distance for this support."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-x-8013-1883","title":"Th. Mommsen, CIL X/2 (1883), no. 8013","url":"https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/books/CILv10pII1883","locator":"printed p. 834; entry 8013; local  (one-based)","type":"original CIL entry directly inspected from local scan and rendered page","cil_status":"Full original CIL object entry inspected; later revisions remain separate","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Full original CIL object entry inspected; later revisions remain separate","page_image":"evidence/cil-x-1883-p834.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 834","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"rathmann-2003-ii76","title":"M. Rathmann, Untersuchungen zu den Reichsstraßen (2003)","url":"https://books.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/propylaeum/catalog/view/362/510/80926","locator":"p. 201, appendix II.76(a), note 1082","type":"Scholarly edition passage visible in indexed text; full PDF access denied","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Scholarly edition passage visible in indexed text; full PDF access denied"},{"id":"ras-fordongianus-8013","title":"Regione Sardegna, Virtual Archaeology: Miliario","url":"https://virtualarchaeology.sardegnacultura.it/index.php/it/siti-archeologici/eta-fenicio-punica/fordongianus/reperti/31-miliario","locator":"Object article; figs. 2–3; bibliography explicitly CIL X 8013","type":"Institutional object article indexed text inspected","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Institutional object article indexed text inspected"},{"id":"cil-x-8013-fordongianus-catalogue-EDCS-22500790","title":"EDCS-22500790 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-22500790","locator":"EDCS-22500790; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"road_construction_type":"Roadwork verbs are reported separately from road fabric; no paving material or construction section established by this inscription.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","locations":[{"role":"findspot","label":"Fordongianus vicinity, new road construction around 1820","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"ras-fordongianus-8013","attested_date":"around 1820","source_ids":["ras-fordongianus-8013"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"around 1820","id":"cil-x-8013-fordongianus-location1","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"CIL records discovery during modern new-road construction near Fordongianus, without an original setting or individual discovery point.","source_ids":["ras-fordongianus-8013"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"role":"former-repository","label":"Museum at Cagliari in CIL 1883","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"cil-x-8013-1883","attested_date":"1883","source_ids":["cil-x-8013-1883"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"1883","id":"cil-x-8013-fordongianus-location2","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-x-8013-1883"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T5","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil-x-8013-fordongianus-catalogue-EDCS-22500790","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-22500790","label":"Fordongianus / Hydata Hypsitana / Forum Traiani","coordinates":[8.809828,39.994549],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-22500790","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["cil-x-8013-fordongianus-catalogue-EDCS-22500790"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. 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date precision retained"}],"date_basis":"Relative imperial status chronology; later full reign dates are not the stone’s date range.","evidence_status":"publication_checked_expansion","region":"Sardinia","work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"Damage / displacement","dating_basis":"Relative imperial status chronology; later full reign dates are not the stone’s date range.","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-22500790"],"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"date_phases":[{"label":"Carus Augustus with Carinus and Numerian as Caesares","start":282,"end":283,"basis":"Status combination gives late 282–spring 283 in Rathmann II.76(a), note 1082.","source_ids":["cil-x-8013-1883","rathmann-2003-ii76"],"id":"cil-x-8013-fordongianus-phase1","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition","date_display":"Late 282–spring 283 CE; sons styled Caesares"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Carus, Carinus and Numerian: Fordongianus column","tier":"T5","rationale":"CIL records discovery during modern new-road construction near Fordongianus, without an original setting or individual discovery point.","source_ids":["cil-x-8013-1883","ras-fordongianus-8013"],"exact_locators":"CIL X 8013 p.834, discovery lemma; RAS object article, discovery and bibliography sections.","source_refs":[{"id":"cil-x-8013-1883","url":"https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/books/CILv10pII1883","locator":"printed p. 834; entry 8013; local  (one-based)","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"ras-fordongianus-8013","url":"https://virtualarchaeology.sardegnacultura.it/index.php/it/siti-archeologici/eta-fenicio-punica/fordongianus/reperti/31-miliario","locator":"Object article; figs. 2–3; bibliography explicitly CIL X 8013"}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"modern-roadworks locality; original road relationship unproved","pending_requirements":["Recover original find documentation and stratigraphic/road evidence; do not import 8011 mileage or emplacement."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["cil-x-8013-fordongianus-location1"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-x-8023-macomer","label":"Vespasian’s 55th mile from Turris: Macomer church reuse","identifiers":["CIL X 8023"],"date_start":74,"date_end":74,"date_display":"74 CE","location_relation":"findspot-reuse","location_status":"Publication-specific location history; original road emplacement not demonstrated","findspot":{"label":"Macomer parish-church portico: reused column reported by Fara in 16th century and inspected for CIL","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Publication identifies this locality/context, but supplies no admitted WGS 84 point; no road segment is validated by this place name alone.","source_id":"cil-x-8023-1883"},"repository":{"label":"Historically San Pantaleo church, Macomer; municipality says milestones were visible there until a few decades ago, so current custody unresolved.","coordinates":null,"accession":null,"attestation_date":null,"current_status":"Current custody unverified unless explicitly identified by a current institutional record."},"road_action":"Explicit refecit et restituit: Vespasian’s restoration; the stone marks 55 miles from Turris.","actors":["Vespasian (imperial restoration actor)","Sextus Subrius Dexter (named procurator/prefect)"],"latin_excerpt":"refecit et restituit / Sex(to) Subrio Dextro [pr]oc(uratore) et praef(ecto) Sardiniae","translation":"He repaired and restored [it], under Sextus Subrius Dexter, procurator and prefect of Sardinia.","translation_status":"New editorial English rendering; square brackets mark editorial restoration or loss","alterations":["Reused in the parish-church portico rather than demonstrated in original road position.","CIL distinguishes this support from adjacent no. 8024, which has additional larger letters."],"limits":["The entry is 8023, not the Severan 8025; nearby 8024 is also Vespasianic in CIL.","A recent essay confuses 8024 with the Severan text; direct CIL numbering governs this record.","San Pantaleo is a historically attested reuse/repository site; the current municipal account explicitly describes past visibility."],"sources":[{"id":"cil-x-8023-1883","title":"Th. Mommsen, CIL X/2 (1883), no. 8023","url":"https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/books/CILv10pII1883","locator":"printed p. 836; entry 8023; local  (one-based)","type":"original CIL entry directly inspected from local scan and rendered page","cil_status":"Full original CIL object entry inspected; later revisions remain separate","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Full original CIL object entry inspected; later revisions remain separate","page_image":"evidence/cil-x-1883-p836.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 836","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"macomer-comune-history","title":"Comune di Macomer, La Storia/S’Istòria","url":"https://comune.macomer.nu.it/luoghi/1974226/storia-s-istoria","locator":"EPOCA ROMANA: milestones formerly visible near San Pantaleo church entrance","type":"Municipal heritage article inspected","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Municipal heritage article inspected"},{"id":"pisa-cll-8023","title":"University of Pisa CLASSES, CIL-X-8023-25","url":"https://cll.fileli.unipi.it/en/indice/view?id=65109","locator":"Inscription field and Dating 74 AD","type":"University transcription inspected","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"University transcription inspected"},{"id":"cil-x-8023-macomer-catalogue-EDCS-22500800","title":"EDCS-22500800 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-22500800","locator":"EDCS-22500800; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"road_construction_type":"Roadwork verbs are reported separately from road fabric; no paving material or construction section established by this inscription.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","locations":[{"role":"secondary-findspot","label":"Parish church portico, identified as San Pantaleo by municipal heritage account","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"cil-x-8023-1883","attested_date":"16th century report; 1883 edition","source_ids":["cil-x-8023-1883"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"16th century report; 1883 edition","id":"cil-x-8023-macomer-location1","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","reason":"CIL documents milestone reuse as a support in the parish-church portico. Modern municipal history describes past visibility at San Pantaleo, not continuing original roadside placement.","source_ids":["cil-x-8023-1883"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"role":"former-repository","label":"Former church display/reuse; current custody unresolved","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"macomer-comune-history","attested_date":null,"source_ids":["macomer-comune-history"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"Date not specified by source","id":"cil-x-8023-macomer-location2","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["macomer-comune-history"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil-x-8023-macomer-catalogue-EDCS-22500800","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-22500800","label":"Macumere / Macomer / Macopsisa","coordinates":[8.7813868,40.2651904],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-22500800","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["cil-x-8023-macomer-catalogue-EDCS-22500800"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-x-8023-macomer-catalogue-EDCS-22500800"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"type":"reuse","label":"Church portico reuse recorded by Fara","start":1500,"end":1599,"date_start":1500,"date_end":1599,"evidence":"CIL cites sixteenth-century Fara; date is reporting century, not construction date of the reused setting.","source_ids":["cil-x-8023-1883"],"date_display":"1500–1599","id":"cil-x-8023-macomer-event1","kind":"reuse","basis":"CIL cites sixteenth-century Fara; date is reporting century, not construction date of the reused setting.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"date_basis":"Numbered imperial offices; publication’s explicit 74 CE label.","evidence_status":"publication_checked_expansion","region":"Sardinia","work_category":"Repair / restoration stated","alteration_category":"Reuse / displacement","dating_basis":"Numbered imperial offices; publication’s explicit 74 CE label.","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-22500800"],"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"date_phases":[{"label":"Repair at 55 miles from Turris","start":74,"end":74,"basis":"CIL: tribunician power V, consul V/designated VI; confirmed University of Pisa transcription.","source_ids":["cil-x-8023-1883","pisa-cll-8023"],"id":"cil-x-8023-macomer-phase1","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition","date_display":"74 CE"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Vespasian’s 55th mile from Turris: Macomer church reuse","tier":"T4","rationale":"CIL documents milestone reuse as a support in the parish-church portico. Modern municipal history describes past visibility at San Pantaleo, not continuing original roadside placement.","source_ids":["cil-x-8023-1883","macomer-comune-history"],"exact_locators":"CIL X 8023-8024 p.836, common locality lemma and Fara discussion; municipal history, EPOCA ROMANA.","source_refs":[{"id":"cil-x-8023-1883","url":"https://arachne.uni-koeln.de/books/CILv10pII1883","locator":"printed p. 836; entry 8023; local  (one-based)","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"macomer-comune-history","url":"https://comune.macomer.nu.it/luoghi/1974226/storia-s-istoria","locator":"EPOCA ROMANA: milestones formerly visible near San Pantaleo church entrance"}],"nature_form":"Portable stone milestone or fragment; continuous attachment to bedrock not evidenced","road_association_status":"secure historic portico reuse","pending_requirements":["Recover pre-portico provenance and refresh present custody without conflating 8023, 8024 and 8025."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":["cil-x-8023-macomer-location1"],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification.","A precise modern location may coexist with weak original-road evidence."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":true,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"cil-v-8002-cesiomaggiore","label":"Cesiomaggiore: Via Claudia Augusta commemorative column","identifiers":["CIL V 8002","ILS 208","IBR 469"],"date_start":46,"date_end":47,"date_display":"Purported Claudian text, 46–47 CE; physical object’s authenticity questioned by Basso (2019), unproven","location_relation":"repository","location_status":"Original road emplacement unknown; admitted map point is only the modern villa repository.","findspot":{"label":"Cesiomaggiore pieve: rediscovered June 1786 supporting an altar of Saint Anthony, inscription facing wall","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Publication identifies this locality/context, but supplies no admitted WGS 84 point; no road segment is validated by this place name alone.","source_id":"cesio-comune-cippo"},"repository":{"label":"Villa Tauro, alle Centenere: original column; official municipal object notice inspected 2026-10-17","coordinates":[11.970133,46.05286],"accession":null,"attestation_date":"2026-10-17","current_status":"Current custody unverified unless explicitly identified by a current institutional record."},"road_action":"The text claims that Claudius munit the Via Claudia Augusta after prior alignment by Drusus, from Altinum to the Danube for 350 miles. Its use as independent ancient evidence is conditional because Basso 2019 questions the physical object’s authenticity without demonstrating a forgery.","actors":["Claudius (claimed road intervention)","Drusus (earlier alignment attributed by text)","Count Francesco Tauro (modern purchaser/collector)"],"latin_excerpt":"munit ab Altino usque ad flumen Danuvium m(ilia) p(assuum) CCCL","translation":"He developed the road from Altinum as far as the river Danube,350 Roman miles.","translation_status":"New editorial English rendering; square brackets mark editorial restoration or loss","alterations":["Reused as church altar support before 1786.","Purchased by Francesco Tauro and transferred to Villa Tauro alle Centenere.","A modern copy stands near the town hall; it must not be mistaken for the original."],"limits":["This is a monumental road-celebration inscription, whose classification as a routine milestone is doubtful.","Tribunician power VI, consul IV and censor in the transmitted text create a chronology problem; published 47? is retained within 46–47 rather than advertised as an exact completion date.","Municipal claim that reuse may date to 5th/6th century is speculative and excluded from the dated timeline.","The admitted map point is the modern repository supplied by a published project report; it is never an ancient findspot or route-validation point.","Basso 2019 p. 417 directly proposes an early modern imitation of Rabland because of different shape, ductus and stone; she explicitly calls this difficult to demonstrate. The authenticity issue is now checked in the original chapter and remains unresolved on its merits.","Basso 2019 p. 406 summarizes 45–46 CE, differing from the municipal 47 and university 47?; no exact completion year is established here."],"sources":[{"id":"cesio-comune-cippo","title":"Comune di Cesiomaggiore, Il Cippo Miliare","url":"https://www.comune.cesiomaggiore.bl.it/Vivere-il-comune/Luoghi/Il-Cippo-Miliare","locator":"Transcription; discovery/reuse/collection paragraphs; source Fabio Budel 2002","type":"Municipal object record inspected","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Municipal object record inspected"},{"id":"grenoble-cil-v-8002","title":"Université Grenoble Alpes Roman Law Library, Via Claudia Augusta(CIL V 8002)","url":"https://droitromain.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/Varia/via_claudia_Augusta_CIL2.htm","locator":"Transcription; heading AD 47?; Source and Bibliography","type":"University transcription inspected; original CIL V entry not inspected","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"University transcription inspected; original CIL V entry not inspected"},{"id":"hereditas-cesio-report","title":"Interreg ITAT 2007 Hereditas, Relazione storico/archivistica Cesiomaggiore–Santa Giustina","url":"https://www.viaclaudia.org/fileadmin/user_upload/10Geschichte/Forschungs-Projekte/CesioSantaRelazione_divulgativa.pdf","locator":": villa repository statement and map link 46.052860,11.970133","type":"Commissioned historical report source checked","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Commissioned historical report source checked","locator_status":"Published page locator not supplied; use the named work, chapter or ancient passage."},{"id":"basso-2019-claudia-417","title":"P. Basso, Excavations in the North of Italy along the via Claudia Augusta, in A. Kolb (ed.), Roman Roads (2019), pp. 404–422","url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110638332-020","locator":"Printed p. 417, final two paragraphs and note 18 (local ); compare printed pp. 406–407, note 3 and fig. 3 (local )","type":"Original scholarly chapter directly inspected from local full volume; p. 417 also rendered and visually inspected","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","consultation":"Direct original publication inspection; authenticity hypothesis is explicitly tentative, not a demonstrated forgery verdict.","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"cil-v-8002-cesiomaggiore-catalogue-EDCS-05401255","title":"EDCS-05401255 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05401255","locator":"EDCS-05401255; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"road_construction_type":"Roadwork verbs are reported separately from road fabric; no paving material or construction section established by this inscription.","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","locations":[{"role":"findspot","label":"Cesiomaggiore pieve, reused altar context discovered June 1786","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"cesio-comune-cippo","attested_date":"1786-06","source_ids":["cesio-comune-cippo"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"1786-06","id":"cil-v-8002-cesiomaggiore-location1","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"X","reason":"Object retained as a disputed comparator; excluded from milestone alignment inference.","source_ids":["cesio-comune-cippo"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"X","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"role":"repository","label":"Villa Tauro alle Centenere (original, not town-hall copy)","coordinates":[11.970133,46.05286],"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":"https://www.viaclaudia.org/fileadmin/user_upload/10Geschichte/Forschungs-Projekte/CesioSantaRelazione_divulgativa.pdf","accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Published map link for the villa repository; no positional accuracy stated; this modern anchor cannot corroborate a Roman road alignment.","source_id":"hereditas-cesio-report","attested_date":"current municipal record inspected 2026-10-17","source_ids":["hereditas-cesio-report"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"current municipal record inspected 2026-10-17","id":"cil-v-8002-cesiomaggiore-location2","precision_note":"Published map link for the villa repository; no positional accuracy stated; this modern anchor cannot corroborate a Roman road alignment.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["hereditas-cesio-report"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"X","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"role":"reported-locality","label":"Near town-hall entrance: modern replica","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","source_id":"cesio-comune-cippo","attested_date":null,"object_type":"modern replica","source_ids":["cesio-comune-cippo"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"Date not specified by source","id":"cil-v-8002-cesiomaggiore-location3","precision_note":"Named place in publication; no independently checked WGS 84 findspot admitted.","status":"Publication-reported; see source and location limitations","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"Reported locality or site-complex locator; this is not a surveyed original marker position.","source_ids":["cesio-comune-cippo"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"X","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"cil-v-8002-cesiomaggiore-catalogue-EDCS-05401255","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-05401255","label":"Cesiomaggiore","coordinates":[11.9876388,46.0888165],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05401255","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["cil-v-8002-cesiomaggiore-catalogue-EDCS-05401255"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["cil-v-8002-cesiomaggiore-catalogue-EDCS-05401255"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"X","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"events":[{"type":"reuse","label":"Church altar support","start":null,"end":1786,"date_start":null,"date_end":1786,"evidence":"Reuse securely predates discovery; no secure commencement date.","source_ids":["cesio-comune-cippo"],"date_display":"By 1786","id":"cil-v-8002-cesiomaggiore-event1","kind":"reuse","basis":"Reuse securely predates discovery; no secure commencement date.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"type":"discovery","label":"Rediscovery during pieve rebuilding","start":1786,"end":1786,"date_start":1786,"date_end":1786,"evidence":"Official municipal account specifiesJune 1786.","source_ids":["cesio-comune-cippo"],"date_display":"1786","id":"cil-v-8002-cesiomaggiore-event2","kind":"discovery","basis":"Official municipal account specifiesJune 1786.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"type":"repository","label":"Transfer to Tauro collection","start":1786,"end":null,"date_start":1786,"date_end":null,"evidence":"Acquired after discovery; exact transfer date not given.","source_ids":["cesio-comune-cippo"],"date_display":"After 1786; endpoint unspecified","id":"cil-v-8002-cesiomaggiore-event3","kind":"repository","basis":"Acquired after discovery; exact transfer date not given.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"type":"publication-assessment","label":"Basso publishes an unproven authenticity hypothesis","start":2019,"end":2019,"date_start":2019,"date_end":2019,"date_display":"2019 publication; no manufacture date established","evidence":"Original chapter p. 417 contrasts shape, ductus and material with Rabland, asks whether the object might be an early modern imitation, and says the hypothesis is difficult to demonstrate.","source_ids":["basso-2019-claudia-417"],"status":"Scholarly hypothesis, not an established fabrication event","id":"cil-v-8002-cesiomaggiore-event4","kind":"publication-assessment","basis":"Original chapter p. 417 contrasts shape, ductus and material with Rabland, asks whether the object might be an early modern imitation, and says the hypothesis is difficult to demonstrate."}],"date_basis":"Qualified published chronology; no unearned date precision; compare but do not merge with Rabland 46 CE.","evidence_status":"publication_checked_expansion","region":"Italy / Alpine region","work_category":"Road preparation stated; authenticity questioned","alteration_category":"Reuse / displacement","dating_basis":"Published Claudian attribution and transmitted offices; if authenticity is unresolved, this is a claimed ancient date rather than independently established stone manufacture. Basso 2019 p. 406 summarizes 45–46; municipality gives 47 and university 47?. Keep chronological disagreement visible.","catalogue_ids":["EDCS-05401255"],"authenticity_status":"Questioned in a directly inspected scholarly publication; hypothesis not demonstrated","authenticity_assessment":{"status":"scholarly_hypothesis_unproven","source_ids":["basso-2019-claudia-417"],"statement":"Basso proposes that Cesiomaggiore might be an early modern imitation of Rabland, citing differences in shape, ductus and stone. She explicitly says that this hypothesis remains difficult to demonstrate. This dossier adopts the existence of a scholarly challenge, not a verdict that the object is forged.","locator":"Basso 2019, printed p. 417; local ","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"date_phases":[{"label":"Claudian whole-road commemoration; chronological tension","start":46,"end":47,"basis":"Transmitted Claudian offices and modern interpretations disagree; the claimed ancient date is conditional on authenticity. Basso 2019 pp. 406,417 was directly inspected.","source_ids":["cesio-comune-cippo","grenoble-cil-v-8002","basso-2019-claudia-417"],"id":"cil-v-8002-cesiomaggiore-phase1","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition","date_display":"Purported Claudian text, 46–47 CE; physical object’s authenticity questioned by Basso (2019), unproven"}],"spatial_evidence":{"label":"Cesiomaggiore: Via Claudia Augusta commemorative column","tier":"X","rationale":"Basso raises an unresolved authenticity question and the object's classification as an ordinary milestone is doubtful. Its original placement is unknown; the mapped villa is a repository.","source_ids":["basso-2019-claudia-417","cesio-comune-cippo","hereditas-cesio-report"],"exact_locators":"Basso 2019 p.417 final two paragraphs and n.18; municipal discovery/reuse account; Hereditas report .","source_refs":[{"id":"basso-2019-claudia-417","url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110638332-020","locator":"Printed p. 417, final two paragraphs and note 18 (local ); compare printed pp. 406–407, note 3 and fig. 3 (local )","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"cesio-comune-cippo","url":"https://www.comune.cesiomaggiore.bl.it/Vivere-il-comune/Luoghi/Il-Cippo-Miliare","locator":"Transcription; discovery/reuse/collection paragraphs; source Fabio Budel 2002"},{"id":"hereditas-cesio-report","url":"https://www.viaclaudia.org/fileadmin/user_upload/10Geschichte/Forschungs-Projekte/CesioSantaRelazione_divulgativa.pdf","locator":": villa repository statement and map link 46.052860,11.970133","locator_status":"Published page locator not supplied; use the named work, chapter or ancient passage."}],"nature_form":"Contested commemorative column; routine milestone status doubtful","road_association_status":"contested monument; excluded from alignment-ranking evidence","pending_requirements":["Resolve authenticity and original provenance before any admission as an ancient route-validation point."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-17","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"coordinate_use":"Use each location assertion according to its own role; repository/catalogue pins never inherit an object provenance tier as ancient route evidence.","anchor_location_ids":[],"limitations":["Tier concerns the original road relationship; it does not rate the quality of every historical location assertion.","No selected Itiner-e segment, geometric match, phase compatibility or source independence was established by this classification."],"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":false,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed.","temporal_compatibility":"Not assessed for individual road phases; inscription and road dates remain separate.","inference_scope":"Local relation only; no whole route or segment validation."},"monument_form":{"kind":"other-or-unclassified","label":"Other / unclassified support"}},{"id":"donnas-rupestral-cil-v-8074","label":"Donnas XXXVI: mileage marker retained in bedrock","identifiers":["CIL V 8074","Inscr. It. XI.1, 119","MiliariXIRegio39","EDCS-05401328"],"catalogue_ids":["EDCS-05401328"],"date_start":null,"date_end":null,"date_display":"Roman; precise inscription date unestablished. Possible Augustan attribution is scholarly interpretation.","dating_basis":"The inscription preserves only XXXVI. Calzolari no.68 calls it anonymous and possibly Augustan; it gives no independently inscribed regnal date.","date_phases":[{"id":"donnas-rupestral-phase1","label":"Mileage inscription: precise date unspecified","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Roman; precise year not established","source_ids":["donnas-calzolari-68"],"basis":"XXXVI is a mileage numeral, not a date.","status":"Undated Roman milestone; date attribution qualified"}],"date_alternatives":[{"id":"donnas-rupestral-date-alternative1","label":"Possible Augustan attribution","start":-27,"end":14,"date_display":"Possibly Augustan;27BCE–14 CE is the conventional reign envelope, not an inscription date","source_ids":["donnas-calzolari-68"],"basis":"Calzolari p.258 no.68 says possibly attributable to the age of Augustus; no titulature is preserved.","status":"Tentative stylistic/historical attribution; not independently dated"}],"location_relation":"original-emplacement","location_status":"Bedrock continuity and adjoining Roman road described by regional heritage and scholarly publications; map precision remains approximate","findspot":{"label":"Donnas, western end of the old village; Via delle Gallie rock-cut road complex above SS26 and railway","coordinates":null,"coordinate_order":"longitude,latitude","coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Exact inscription coordinate has not been surveyed in the consulted publications. A separate official site-complex locator is mapped as reported-locality and does not qualify for road-distance comparison."},"repository":{"label":"Retained in the road-side bedrock at Donnas, as reported by the consulted heritage notices; no separate museum repository","coordinates":null},"locations":[{"id":"donnas-rupestral-original-support","role":"original-emplacement","label":"Donnas XXXVI: original bedrock marker adjoining the Roman rock-cut road","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"Strong physical relation reported by regional heritage and scholarly study; exact inscription coordinate not independently surveyed.","accuracy_m":null,"status":"Marker retained in the same bedrock as the adjoining Roman roadway, as reported in consulted publications","source_ids":["donnas-regional-heritage","donnas-calzolari-68","donnas-matteazzi-2023"],"date_display":"Roman marker; precise inscription chronology unestablished","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T1","reason":"The XXXVI mileage marker remains carved in continuous bedrock beside a documented Roman passage. This fixes a local horizontal corridor. Schneider 2007 distinguishes that passage from the possibly later-lowered visible road surface; no precise original road elevation or pavement-phase chronology is established.","source_ids":["donnas-regional-heritage","donnas-calzolari-68","donnas-matteazzi-2023"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T1","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"donnas-rupestral-site-locator","role":"reported-locality","label":"Donnas Roman road, arch and milestone complex: approximate official site locator","coordinates":[7.76214855800008,45.6022302560001],"coordinate_source":"https://www.lovevda.it/it/banca-dati/8/monumenti-romani/donnas/la-strada-romana-delle-gallie-ed-il-suo-arco/992","source_locator":"HTML contentItems coordinates for official record992","precision_note":"Site-complex locator, not the inscription survey;250m is an editorial display envelope around the 221/222m complex, not a measured positional error.","accuracy_m":250,"status":"Official site-complex locator; exact marker coordinate unresolved","source_ids":["donnas-lovevda-992"],"date_display":"Official regional tourism site locator consulted17October 2026","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"Reported locality or site-complex locator; this is not a surveyed original marker position.","source_ids":["donnas-lovevda-992"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T1","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"donnas-rupestral-cil-v-8074-catalogue-EDCS-05401328","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-05401328","label":"Donnas","coordinates":[7.7696974,45.6037633],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05401328","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["donnas-rupestral-cil-v-8074-catalogue-EDCS-05401328"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["donnas-rupestral-cil-v-8074-catalogue-EDCS-05401328"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T1","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"road_action":"Mileage marker; no roadwork verb or commissioning authority is named by XXXVI.","actors":["No named actor in the preserved numeral.","Augustan attribution is a scholarly possibility, not a named imperial commission."],"latin_excerpt":"XXXVI","translation":"Thirty-six [Roman miles].","translation_status":"Editorial English rendering; Aosta as caput is identified by the cited publications, not written in the numeral.","road_construction_type":"Milestone, arch and cutting share continuous bedrock. Schneider 2007 distinguishes the original Roman passage from the visible rutted surface, which may be later; Schneider infers a higher original road level. No present pavement-phase date is established.","alterations":["The adjoining arch served as a village gate in the Middle Ages; the roadway has accumulated wear, patches and repairs. These are road-complex history, not evidence that the numeral was recut."],"limits":["No original CIL V 8074 page has been directly collated in this research pass.","No emperor or roadwork act is named by the short preserved text.","Fixedness supports the local Roman road-record relationship, not every segment of an empire-wide reconstructed polyline.","The original/current setting is publication-reported; the map point is an approximate complex locator.","The EDCS locality coordinate must not be treated as the bedrock marker coordinate.","A Roman road may have multiple phases; the milestone’s proposed chronology does not date all surviving road fabric.","Current road ruts need not be contemporary with the Roman marker (Schneider 2007, pp.143–145)."],"sources":[{"id":"donnas-regional-heritage","title":"Regione Autonoma Valle d’Aosta, Da Eporedia ad Augusta Prætoria","url":"https://gestionewww.regione.vda.it/cultura/patrimonio/siti_archeologici/strada_gallie/ivrea_aosta_i.aspx","locator":"Donnas section; paragraph beginning Sono interamente ricavati; page updated18 October2022","type":"official regional heritage notice directly inspected","consultation":"Full webtext inspected; road surface, mileage column and arch are described as cut in the same bedrock."},{"id":"donnas-calzolari-68","title":"Mauro Calzolari, Alcune osservazioni sui miliari di età romana dell’Italia settentrionale","url":"https://www.centuriazione.it/quaderni_win.asp?id=16","locator":"Printed p.258, catalogue no.68; ","type":"scholarly catalogue directly downloaded and inspected","cil_status":"CIL V8074 concordance reported by scholarly catalogue; original CIL V entry not directly collated","consultation":"Full entry inspected; source calls object anonymous and only possibly Augustan.","source_sha256":"e273b34640db3b4245fbe8b436a9e5924bbafaa5497e72c7cdb87f724f1d2db2","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"donnas-matteazzi-2023","title":"Michele Matteazzi, Road Building in Roman Times: an Insight from Northern Italy (2023)","url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371475532_Road_Building_in_Roman_Times_an_Insight_from_Northern_Italy","locator":"Printed p.184, paragraph beginning Among our many examples; fig.16 on p.181","type":" scholarly study directly inspected","consultation":"Text checked in the Source edition; the roadway, milestone and arch are described as cut in living rock."},{"id":"donnas-lovevda-992","title":"LoveVDA official tourism record992, La strada romana delle Gallie ed il suo arco","url":"https://www.lovevda.it/it/banca-dati/8/monumenti-romani/donnas/la-strada-romana-delle-gallie-ed-il-suo-arco/992","locator":"Final descriptive paragraph and HTML script contentItems coordinates for record992","type":"official regional tourism object notice and embedded map locator directly inspected","consultation":"HTML contentItems contains lat45.6022302560001,lng7.76214855800008. This is a site-complex map pin, not an inscription survey."},{"id":"donnas-schneider-2007","title":"Hans-Ulrich Schiedt, Guy Schneider and Heinz E. Herzig, Historische Straßen- und Wegeforschung in der Schweiz, Vorträge und Forschungen 66 (2007), 119–159; section II by Guy Schneider","url":"https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/vuf/article/view/17795/11606","doi":"10.11588/vuf.2007.0.17795","locator":"pp.142–145, especially pp.143–144 and table 2 p.145; ","consultation":"Full article searchable PDF text at publisher-hosting university inspected; Donnas pp.142–145 read. Page image request failed; no visual page inspection claimed.","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"donnas-rupestral-cil-v-8074-catalogue-EDCS-05401328","title":"EDCS-05401328 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-05401328","locator":"EDCS-05401328; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"region":"Italy / Alpine region","work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"Road-complex reuse; marker alteration unestablished","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","anchor_assessment":{"proposed_tier":"T1","support_type":"rupestral-mileage-marker","material_fixedness":"retained-in-bedrock","road_context":"same-bedrock-roadway-described","displacement_status":"no displacement reported for this marker in consulted sources","location_precision":"Original inscription coordinate null; separate official complex locator approx250m(T5), optional catalogue proxy(T6)","temporal_match":"inscription precise date unestablished; Augustan attribution possible","admission":"Admit object-level T1 rupestral-milestone subclass. Exact original-emplacement coordinates remain null; map official site-complex locator separately as T5 and optional EDCS proxy as T6."},"location_audit_notes":["EDCS-05401328 uses[7.7696974,45.6037633], about612m from the official tourism complex locator. Keep as a separately labelled optional catalogue-locality proxy(T6); the discrepancy alone does not establish an error and does not justify quarantine."],"monument_form":{"kind":"rupestral-bedrock","label":"Rupestral milestone carved in living bedrock"},"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T1","rationale":"The XXXVI mileage marker remains carved in continuous bedrock beside a documented Roman passage. This fixes a local horizontal corridor. Schneider 2007 distinguishes that passage from the possibly later-lowered visible road surface; no precise original road elevation or pavement-phase chronology is established.","source_ids":["donnas-regional-heritage","donnas-calzolari-68","donnas-matteazzi-2023","donnas-schneider-2007"],"anchor_location_ids":["donnas-rupestral-original-support"],"limitations":["An unchanged-bedrock local marker does not validate an entire reconstructed route.","No inscription-specific coordinate survey has been consulted.","No precise inscription date or imperial actor is established.","Current road ruts need not be contemporary with the Roman marker (Schneider 2007, pp.143–145)."],"gates":{"fixed_bedrock":true,"unchanged_original_support":true,"milestone_function_supported":true,"physical_roman_road_relation":true},"gate_sources":{"fixed_bedrock":["donnas-regional-heritage","donnas-calzolari-68","donnas-matteazzi-2023"],"unchanged_original_support":["donnas-regional-heritage","donnas-matteazzi-2023"],"milestone_function_supported":["donnas-calzolari-68","donnas-regional-heritage"],"physical_roman_road_relation":["donnas-regional-heritage","donnas-calzolari-68","donnas-matteazzi-2023"]},"temporal_compatibility":"Roman local passage accepted; precise inscription date and contemporaneity of the visible ruts remain unresolved (Schneider 2007, pp.143–145).","inference_scope":"Fixed local horizontal passage; no precise original pavement level or dated road surface.","assessment_date":"2026-10-17","source_independence":"Unassessed for individual Itiner-e segments; no independent confirmation claimed."},"road_surface_assessment":{"id":"donnas-road-surface-assessment","kind":"road-fabric-phase-assessment","label":"Schneider identifies the XXXVI relief milestone but argues that today’s rutted surface may be later. Schneider infers a higher original level; nearby 1474 lettering is not a date of the Roman milestone.","status":"Publication-supported phase distinction","source_ids":["donnas-schneider-2007"],"summary":"Schneider identifies the XXXVI relief milestone but argues that today’s rutted surface may be later. Schneider infers a higher original level; nearby 1474 lettering is not a date of the Roman milestone.","inference_scope":"Fixed horizontal passage corridor; no precise pavement-phase, construction-date, or original-level verification."},"events":[{"id":"donnas-road-surface-reworking","kind":"road-surface-reworking","label":"Published inference of later road-surface lowering and reworking; exact dates unresolved","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Relative phase sequence; later pavement and ruts not precisely dated","basis":"Schneider 2007 pp.143–145 distinguishes the surviving surface from the Roman passage. Nearby lettering of 1474 does not date the Roman milestone.","source_ids":["donnas-schneider-2007"],"status":"Publication-supported phase distinction; later dates not transferred to milestone"}],"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[]},{"id":"taucheira-fs12-primary-socket","label":"Taucheira FS 12: inscribed shaft beside its original milestone socket","identifiers":["FS12 (2009 Mainz survey; published 2016)"],"date_start":null,"date_end":null,"date_display":"Roman; inscription date unresolved in the inspected report","dating_basis":"The report identifies a Roman milestone with a barely legible Latin inscription. No emperor, dated titulature or deciphered numeral is published for this object.","date_phases":[{"id":"taucheira-fs12-inscription","label":"Latin milestone inscription; unread and undated","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Roman; precise date unestablished","basis":"Weber-Karyotakis and Berger 2016 p.25 defer decipherment; the dated Tetrarchic museum stone discussed on p.24 is another object.","source_ids":["weber-berger2016-fs12"],"status":"Roman attribution; precise inscription chronology unknown"}],"location_relation":"original-emplacement","location_status":"Original socket explicitly reported in situ; inscribed broken shaft fallen beside it. Present custody after 2009 is not established.","findspot":{"label":"FS 12, coastal via maritima east of Taucheira/Tocra, Cyrenaica","coordinates":[20.626,32.567],"coordinate_source":"weber-berger2016-fs12","accuracy_m":1000,"accuracy_note":"Approximate station vicinity from the 2016 regional survey map. The 1,000 m radius is an editorial search envelope, not a surveyed socket or statistical confidence interval. Original socket and adjacent fallen shaft were documented in 2009; proposed museum transfer is unverified."},"repository":{"label":"At discovery site in November 2009; transfer to Tolmeita or Tocra museums recommended, not confirmed","coordinates":null,"current_status":"Current location unverified"},"locations":[{"id":"taucheira-fs12-original-socket","role":"original-emplacement","label":"FS 12 original station vicinity — publication-derived area, exact socket unlocated","coordinates":[20.626,32.567],"coordinate_source":"https://www.gju.edu.jo/sites/default/files/School%20of%20Architecture%20and%20Built%20Environment/Department%20of%20Architecture%20and%20Interior%20Architecture/facultypublications/art_00362_weber_berger_libya_antiqua_2016.pdf","accuracy_m":1000,"precision_note":"Approximate station vicinity from the 2016 regional survey map. The 1,000 m radius is an editorial search envelope, not a surveyed socket or statistical confidence interval. Original socket and adjacent fallen shaft were documented in 2009; proposed museum transfer is unverified.","source_ids":["weber-berger2016-fs12","hgl913-taucheira-control","unesco6487-ptolemais-control","emrage-nikolaus2023-fs12-context"],"status":"Original socket documented in situ in 2009; map centre is an approximate area locator. Fallen shaft adjacent then; current custody unverified.","date_display":"Survey of November–December 2009; find shown to officials on 12 November 2009","comparison_eligible":false,"coordinate_fitness":"Regional area locator for the original station. Excluded from point-to-road alignment comparisons; contextual T2a status does not imply precise station geometry.","geometry_method":{"kind":"two-control-similarity-area-locator","summary":"The FS 12 symbol in Weber-Karyotakis and Berger 2016 fig.1 was located using a two-city constrained similarity transform, checked against the figure scale and north arrow. The 1 km circle is an editorial search envelope, not GPS accuracy.","source_ids":["weber-berger2016-fs12","hgl913-taucheira-control","unesco6487-ptolemais-control"],"source_figure":{"locator":"Printed p.24 fig.1;  (one-based)","extraction_command":"pdfimages -f 7 -l 7 -png weber2016-ptolemais [workstation path omitted]","extracted_image_dimensions_px":[910,516],"pixel_origin":"top-left; x rightwards, y downwards","redistribution":"Modern publication figure not bundled; source link and derived numerical control data only.","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},"coordinate_reference_system":{"working":"WGS84 / UTM zone 34N, EPSG:32634","output":"Longitude/latitude, EPSG:4326","input_datum_limit":"The cited web records do not expressly state a datum. Their geographic coordinates are treated as WGS84 web-gazetteer coordinates for this coarse map fit; no survey-grade datum claim is made."},"controls":[{"label":"Taucheira city symbol","pixel_xy":[29.4,481.8],"coordinates":[20.568,32.54],"source_id":"hgl913-taucheira-control","locator":"Coordinates: first entry, provenance Google Earth; not the second Geonames entry","control_limit":"Town/site locator, not a surveyed point matching the exact publication symbol."},{"label":"Ptolemais city symbol","pixel_xy":[831.6,56.7],"coordinates":[20.951730555555553,32.707886111111115],"source_id":"unesco6487-ptolemais-control","locator":"Coordinates N 32 42 28.39 E 20 57 6.23","control_limit":"Archaeological-site nomination locator, not a surveyed point matching the exact publication symbol."}],"target":{"label":"FS 12 milestone symbol","pixel_xy":[150.8,413.5],"pixel_reading_tolerance_px":2,"unrounded_derived_coordinate":[20.625995789379154,32.56707952002998],"admitted_map_centre":[20.626,32.567]},"fit":{"model":"For pixel p=x-i*y and UTM z=E+i*N: z=a*p+b. Two controls determine a and b; no affine shear or polynomial warping.","a_real":44.63312066954313,"a_imag":-0.5534967650213041,"b_real":458390.5493731997,"b_imag":3621895.9435790894,"metres_per_pixel":44.63655250319952,"rotation_degrees_from_image_up_to_UTM_north":-0.7104903850574713,"fitted_control_residuals_m":[0,0],"residual_limit":"Two control pairs exactly determine this transform, so zero residuals are tautological and do not validate absolute positional accuracy. No independent holdout geographic control is claimed."},"checks":{"published_0_to_10km_bar_pixel_x":[425.0,648.7],"scale_bar_metres_per_pixel":44.702726866338836,"fit_predicts_10km_bar_m":9985.196794965734,"scale_difference_percent":-0.1480320503426502,"north_arrow":"Published arrow points image-up. Fitted rotation is about -0.71 degrees relative to UTM north; broadly consistent at this figure scale.","checks_limit":"Scale and north are internal checks from the same publication, not independent geospatial validation. The narrative some 5 km east describes a road stretch, not a numerical FS12 station coordinate."},"sensitivity":{"alternative_same_city_control":{"coordinates":[20.5665,32.53531],"source_id":"hgl913-taucheira-control","locator":"Coordinates: second entry, provenance Geonames"},"alternative_derived_coordinate":[20.624701536419916,32.563114372106895],"target_shift_m":456.21036684059345,"interpretation":"Changing the Taucheira locator moves the result about 456m. This is a same-site sensitivity check, not a third distinct control."},"uncertainty":{"display_radius_m":1000,"type":"editorial search area; not a statistical confidence interval or guaranteed error bound","basis":"Approximate city-symbol correspondence, 456 m alternative-anchor shift, regional map generalisation, source datum unspecified, and about 90 m target-symbol reading tolerance. Coordinate rounded to 0.001 degree; rounding does not imply 100 m accuracy.","comparison_use":"Exclude from automatic point-to-road comparisons. The area supports locating the original station vicinity, not selecting a particular Itiner-e segment."},"not_used":["Itiner-e geometry","road-nearest snapping","bulk catalogue milestone coordinates","modern museum position"],"reproduction_python":"from pyproj import Transformer\nf=Transformer.from_crs('EPSG:4326','EPSG:32634',always_xy=True)\ng=Transformer.from_crs('EPSG:32634','EPSG:4326',always_xy=True)\np0,p1,p=complex(29.4,-481.8),complex(831.6,-56.7),complex(150.8,-413.5)\nz0=complex(*f.transform(20.568,32.54))\nz1=complex(*f.transform(20+57/60+6.23/3600,32+42/60+28.39/3600))\na=(z1-z0)/(p1-p0)\nb=z0-a*p0\nz=a*p+b\nprint(g.transform(z.real,z.imag))"},"coordinate_precision_decimals":3,"uncertainty_type":"editorial-search-area","position_evidence_tier":"T5","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"The original socket beside a physical Roman road is publication-supported (object T2a); this derived regional-map centre locates only its approximate station vicinity within a 1 km editorial envelope. It is a T5 area locator, not a surveyed socket position.","source_ids":["weber-berger2016-fs12","hgl913-taucheira-control","unesco6487-ptolemais-control","emrage-nikolaus2023-fs12-context"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T2","role_ceiling_applied":false}}],"road_action":"No legible roadwork claim has been published for this object in the inspected report.","road_construction_type":"Associated road has a roughly 6 m limestone surface, a central stone division and drainage features; these observations do not date the inscription.","actors":["No ancient actor is securely read.","Thomas Maria Weber-Karyotakis and Frederik Berger — modern survey investigators."],"latin_excerpt":"Not transcribed: the report describes the Latin inscription as barely legible.","translation":"No translation supplied because the inscription was not deciphered in the inspected report.","translation_status":"No invented transcription or translation","alterations":["Shaft broken and fallen beside the socket; no reuse is established."],"limits":["The article abstract mentions two inscribed milestones with sockets; the detailed FS 12 passage describes one socket-and-shaft relation. This case represents that expressly described relation and does not invent a second object identity.","No CIL concordance is assigned: the report says the 2009 discoveries were previously unpublished.","A proposed museum transfer is not evidence of an accomplished relocation.","The mapped coordinate is a 1 km editorial search area derived from a regional publication figure, not a measured socket position; present custody remains unverified."],"sources":[{"id":"weber-berger2016-fs12","title":"Thomas Maria Weber-Karyotakis and Frederik Berger, The Western Chora and Necropolis of Ptolemaïs, Libya Antiqua n.s. IX (2016), 23–40","url":"https://www.gju.edu.jo/sites/default/files/School%20of%20Architecture%20and%20Built%20Environment/Department%20of%20Architecture%20and%20Interior%20Architecture/facultypublications/art_00362_weber_berger_libya_antiqua_2016.pdf","doi":"10.19272/201610601002","locator":"pp.23–26, especially p.25 section 1.1 and note4, figs.1–3;  one-based","consultation":"Full university-hosted article downloaded; relevant report text and rendered figs.1–3 inspected. Field report of the 2009 survey, not an excavation stratigraphic sequence.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"hgl913-taucheira-control","title":"Heritage Gazetteer of Libya, Taucheira, locus 913","url":"https://slsgazetteer.org/913/","locator":"Coordinates: first entry latitude 32.54, longitude 20.568, provenance Google Earth; second entry 32.53531, 20.5665, provenance Geonames.","consultation":"Full publicly accessible HTML read and coordinate/provenance fields checked. World Historical Gazetteer index also identifies source record 913; its two coordinate entries are separate locators, not polygon bounds.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","source_role":"Geographic city-control locator only; no milestone coordinate or road evidence."},{"id":"unesco6487-ptolemais-control","title":"Permanent Delegation of Libya to UNESCO, The Archaeological Site of Ptolemais, Tentative List 6487, submitted 20 July 2020","url":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6487","locator":"Coordinates N 32 42 28.39 E 20 57 6.23; state-party nomination location","consultation":"Coordinate field read directly on UNESCO page. Nomination location does not identify the exact published map-symbol centre.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","source_role":"Geographic city-control locator only; no milestone coordinate."},{"id":"emrage-nikolaus2023-fs12-context","title":"Ahmad Emrage and Julia Nikolaus, Coastal and maritime archaeology in Cyrenaica, Libya: history, developments, site identification and challenges, Libyan Studies 54 (2023), 160–178","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2023.12","locator":"Section From Tocra to Al-Ogla, paragraph beginning In antiquity; figs.11 and 13.","consultation":"Full publisher HTML and published figs.11 and 13 inspected. Both regional maps omit a separately legible PT-019 label; no numerical FS 12 coordinate obtained. The text cites the 2009 report and is not treated as independent re-observation of the stone.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","source_role":"Later published contextual cross-reference, not a new GPS station."}],"events":[{"type":"discovery","label":"Discovery and documentation of original socket and fallen shaft","start":2009,"end":2009,"date_display":"November–December 2009 survey; shown to officials 12 November 2009","evidence":"Published survey and p.25 note4.","source_ids":["weber-berger2016-fs12"],"id":"taucheira-fs12-primary-socket-event1","kind":"discovery","basis":"Published survey and p.25 note4.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"type":"conservation-recommendation","label":"Museum transfer recommended; actual transfer unverified","start":2009,"end":2009,"date_display":"12 November 2009 discussion / subsequent recommendation","evidence":"The publication recommends transport to Tolmeita or Tocra museums. This is not a custody event proving transfer.","source_ids":["weber-berger2016-fs12"],"id":"taucheira-fs12-primary-socket-event2","kind":"conservation-recommendation","basis":"The publication recommends transport to Tolmeita or Tocra museums. This is not a custody event proving transfer.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"catalogue_ids":[],"region":"Cyrenaica / Libya","work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"Breakage / fallen shaft","evidence_status":"publication_checked_primary_setting_expansion","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","monument_form":{"kind":"freestanding-column","label":"Milestone column with original socket and fallen inscribed shaft"},"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T2","subtype":"T2a","assessment_date":"2026-10-17","rationale":"The field report expressly identifies the original socket, adjacent fallen inscribed shaft and physical Roman road; this is a documented primary station.","source_ids":["weber-berger2016-fs12"],"anchor_location_ids":["taucheira-fs12-original-socket"],"gates":{"primary_setting_documented":true,"physical_roman_road_relation":true,"milestone_function_supported":true,"historical_position_distinguished_from_current":true},"gate_sources":{"primary_setting_documented":["weber-berger2016-fs12"],"physical_roman_road_relation":["weber-berger2016-fs12"],"milestone_function_supported":["weber-berger2016-fs12"],"historical_position_distinguished_from_current":["weber-berger2016-fs12"]},"limitations":["The article abstract mentions two inscribed milestones with sockets; the detailed FS12 passage describes one socket-and-shaft relation. This case represents that expressly described relation and does not invent a second object identity.","No CIL concordance is assigned: the report says the 2009 discoveries were previously unpublished.","A proposed museum transfer is not evidence of an accomplished relocation.","The mapped coordinate is a 1 km editorial search area derived from a regional publication figure, not a measured socket position; present custody remains unverified."],"pending_requirements":["Obtain or publish the original 2009 GPS station record or georeference a site-specific surveyed plan before admitting a precise original socket coordinate.","Audit source genealogy before calling the relation independent confirmation of an Itiner-e segment."],"object_identity":"FS12 socket and specifically described adjacent inscribed shaft, one reviewed object relation","milestone_function_status":"Accepted in the inspected publication.","roman_attribution_status":"Roman attribution in the inspected field publication.","support_form":"Freestanding milestone column, preserved in fragments.","support_original_position_status":"Original socket in situ during 2009 survey; current shaft custody unverified","historical_location_role":"original_station","road_context_status":"original_installation","publication_locator":"p.25 section1.1 and note4; p.24 fig1 and p.26 fig3","publication_url_or_local_path":"https://www.gju.edu.jo/sites/default/files/School%20of%20Architecture%20and%20Built%20Environment/Department%20of%20Architecture%20and%20Interior%20Architecture/facultypublications/art_00362_weber_berger_libya_antiqua_2016.pdf","assessment_reason":"The field report expressly identifies the original socket, adjacent fallen inscribed shaft and physical Roman road; this is a documented primary station.","source_independence":"Not reviewed for any individual Itiner-e segment.","temporal_compatibility":"Inscription dating is not equated with the date of surviving road fabric.","inference_scope":"Primary marker station and documented local road relation only.","location_effective_tier_overrides":{"taucheira-fs12-original-socket":{"tier":"T5","rationale":"The original socket beside a physical Roman road is publication-supported (object T2a); this derived regional-map centre locates only its approximate station vicinity within a 1 km editorial envelope. It is a T5 area locator, not a surveyed socket position.","comparison_eligible":false}}},"position_audit_file":"site-position-fs12.json","position_audit_limits":["Two distinct geographic control sites only; no independent holdout location.","No original 2009 GPS list or numerical FS12 coordinate was found in the inspected 2016 article or 2023 coastal-survey publication.","The 2023 survey points readers to the milestone and road context PT-019 about 200m east; the inspected published maps do not yield a separately labelled PT-019 coordinate.","Shaft transfer was recommended in 2009; no completed museum transfer or present custody was established.","Inscription remains unread and undated; the earlier Tetrarchic museum stone is a different object."],"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[]},{"id":"catez-iljug-1176-primary-setting","label":"Čatež ob Savi: Antoninus Pius milestone with documented ancient seating","identifiers":["ILJug II 1176","ILSl 1, 198","HD068538","EDCS-10001181"],"date_start":139,"date_end":141,"date_display":"139–141 CE; fragmentary tribunician numeral interpreted as II–IIII","dating_basis":"Petru p.28 derives 139–141 from the possible tribunician numeral II–IIII. Preserve this interval; no exact year is independently established.","date_phases":[{"id":"catez-iljug1176-inscription","label":"Antoninus Pius titulature","start":139,"end":141,"date_display":"139–141 CE, qualified epigraphic interval","basis":"Fragmentary imperial name and tribunician numeral; Petru 1961 p.28 and later catalogue metadata.","source_ids":["petru1961-catez","edh-hd068538-local"],"status":"Published interpretation of incomplete text"}],"location_relation":"original-emplacement","location_status":"Ancient seating documented in the western Čatež highway cut. A600m published-survey-anchor search area now locates the setting broadly; it does not pinpoint the seating. Fragment-custody museum is mapped separately as an institution proxy.","findspot":{"label":"Western Čatež–Krška vas highway-cutting search area; exact ancient seating unresolved","coordinates":[15.59518944,45.89303912],"coordinate_source":"gustin-olic-cateski-survey-anchor","accuracy_m":600,"accuracy_note":"Representative search-area anchor transformed from a published survey coordinate, not the milestone's excavated position."},"repository":{"label":"Posavski muzej Brežice in Brežice Castle; institution proxy","coordinates":[15.5925453,45.9018202],"current_status":"Historical and2012 photographic custody report; present fragment presence not newly verified"},"locations":[{"id":"catez-iljug1176-original-station","role":"original-emplacement","label":"Original-setting search area: published Čateški Grič survey anchor; recovered seating not pinpointed","coordinates":[15.59518944,45.89303912],"coordinate_source":"https://www.eheritage.si/DDC/DDC_020_024_NDSFNHAGWTBZIWVHRDDTUQKNTGMGFK.pdf","accuracy_m":600,"precision_note":"Area locator only. The publication gives a site-survey anchor, not the milestone seating. The 600 m search envelope must remain visible; its centre must not be read as the original station.","source_ids":["petru1961-catez","lovenjak1997-context","mileusnic-jovanovic2018-catez-position","gustin-olic-cateski-survey-anchor","rkd11434-context-geometry"],"status":"Ancient seating documented; broad original-setting search area mapped, exact station unresolved","date_display":"Discovery reported as 1958 by Lovenjak 1997;1959 in EDH/Lupa metadata; conflict unresolved","comparison_eligible":false,"accuracy_note":"600m is an editorial search envelope around a published survey anchor. It represents the plausible western Čatež highway-cutting area, not measured positional error, a confidence interval or the location of the excavated seating.","coordinate_fitness":"bounded-original-setting-search-area; unsuitable for point-to-road alignment tests","geometry_method":{"kind":"published-grid-context-anchor-with-editorial-envelope","summary":"Transform the published Čateški Grič survey anchor to WGS 84 and use it solely as the centre of a broad search envelope for the western Čatež cutting described in the milestone publications. No Itiner-e segment or nearest-road snapping was used.","source_ids":["petru1961-catez","mileusnic-jovanovic2018-catez-position","gustin-olic-cateski-survey-anchor","rkd11434-context-geometry"],"source_grid_label":"x546560 y83377 z187 as printed; numbers interpreted as easting546560m, northing83377m","source_crs":"EPSG:3912, MGI1901 / Slovene National Grid (D48/GK); CRS interpretation inferred and cross-checked against the published plans and official heritage boundary, not printed as an EPSG code in the table","source_coordinate":[546560,83377],"target_crs":"EPSG:4326; longitude, latitude","software":"pyproj3.6.1 / PROJ9.3.0; Transformer.from_crs(3912,4326,always_xy=True)","transformation":"Inverse Slovene National Grid + MGI1901 to WGS84(16), EPSG8688; coordinate-frame Helmert parameters476.08,125.947,417.81,-4.610862,-2.388137,11.942335,9.896638","unrounded_result":[15.595189438948056,45.89303911807762],"control_coordinates":[{"label":"Published Čateški Grič survey anchor; not milestone seating","source_coordinate":[546560,83377],"wgs84":[15.595189438948056,45.89303911807762],"source_id":"gustin-olic-cateski-survey-anchor"}],"cross_checks":["Derived anchor lies inside official EID1-11434 hill-site polygon; polygon bbox15.5878059821,45.8921112904,15.5962983366,45.8933733404.","Reading the same table numbers as EPSG3794 would give15.59991710,45.88865906, south of the mapped Čateški Grič hill; that alternative is inconsistent with the named-site plan context and is not admitted.","Mileusnić/Jovanović2018 pp.7–9 figs.4–7 provide highway/site context. No raster fit or invented 1950s station symbol is claimed."],"relative_constraints":["Petru1961 p.28: highway cutting a little over200m west of Čatež near Brežice.","Lovenjak1997 p.89: cutting for the Krška vas–Čatež road; ancient seating found beside the road remains.","Mileusnić/Jovanović2018 p.10: middle of the cutting between Čatež and Krška vas, east of prehistoric barrows near the Krka confluence."],"envelope_radius_m":600,"envelope_basis":"Conservative editorial envelope encompassing the mapped western-village highway cutting between the Krka-side archaeological area and the historic village edge. The unspecified historical settlement reference and absent station mark prevent a defensible smaller station buffer.","envelope_semantics":"Search area, not a probability distribution or excavation footprint; the context anchor itself does not assert a milestone find at its centre.","cardinal_extent_wgs84":[15.58745872,45.88764097,15.60292016,45.89843726],"source_independence":"The original-setting description and its later restatements are related; they do not constitute independent measurements of the station."},"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"The original seating is documented at object level as T2a, but the mapped coordinate is a published contextual survey anchor for a 600 m original-setting search area; it does not pinpoint the seating.","source_ids":["petru1961-catez","lovenjak1997-context","mileusnic-jovanovic2018-catez-position","gustin-olic-cateski-survey-anchor","rkd11434-context-geometry"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T2","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"catez-iljug1176-museum","role":"repository","label":"Posavski muzej Brežice, Brežice Castle: institution proxy for reported fragment custody","coordinates":[15.5925453,45.9018202],"coordinate_source":"https://www.pmb.si/muzej","accuracy_m":100,"precision_note":"Official museum destination coordinate. Shows the institution associated with published custody; present presence, storeroom and display position remain unverified.","source_ids":["petru1961-catez","edh-hd068538-local","lupa20898","pmb-official-museum-position"],"status":"Published historical and 2012 photographic custody; institutional location verified, current object presence unconfirmed","date_display":"Petru 1961 custody; museum photograph attributed 2012 in Lupa; current presence not confirmed","comparison_eligible":false,"accuracy_note":"100m editorial institutional envelope; the official directions point is not an object-level survey.","coordinate_fitness":"institution-proxy; no original-road alignment use","geometry_method":{"kind":"official-institution-directions-destination","summary":"Extract the destination coordinate, not the Google Maps viewport centre, from the museum's own Navodila za pot link.","source_ids":["pmb-official-museum-position"],"link_destination_fields":"!1d15.5925453!2d45.9018202","viewport_centre_rejected":[15.5225143,45.901843],"envelope_radius_m":100,"envelope_semantics":"Editorial institution-scale display radius, not measured positional error"},"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["petru1961-catez","edh-hd068538-local","lupa20898","pmb-official-museum-position"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T2","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"road_action":"Petru interprets the regional milestone series as road reconstruction. No complete construction or repair verb is preserved on this fragmentary text.","road_construction_type":"Excavated road section is reported 6.40 m wide, partly cut or burnt into bedrock. Its fabric date is not established by the inscription interval alone.","actors":["Antoninus Pius — named imperial authority in the fragmentary inscription.","No executing unit, workforce, funder or governor is securely named.","Peter Petru — modern investigator and first detailed publisher."],"latin_excerpt":"[...] Antonini [...] Pii [...] tr(ibunicia) p[ot(estate)] II ab A[...]","translation":"Fragmentary titulature of Antoninus Pius, tribunician power, and a distance origin beginning A.","translation_status":"Editorial summary of incomplete text; the lost caput is not silently restored","alterations":["Modern road blasting fragmented the monument; six sandstone fragments were retained.","The consulted report does not establish ancient reuse."],"limits":["The lost distance origin ab A[...] has competing proposed restorations; it does not securely establish Andautonia or an administrative boundary.","Original CIL numbers cited by Petru are comparanda, not this newly discovered object; none is assigned to this milestone.","Discovery-year conflict remains:1958 in Lovenjak 1997,1959 in later catalogues and the 2018 monograph.","EDCS-10001181's point at another Čatež remains quarantined.","The mapped original-setting point is a published contextual survey anchor with a600m editorial search envelope, not the recovered seating; it is excluded from road-distance comparison.","The museum point is an institutional destination associated with published custody, not confirmation of current fragment presence or display.","A 2024 newspaper report identifies a Roman-milestone replica in the renewed village square. Its exact identity and position remain unadmitted; the public monument is not substituted for the original milestone or museum custody."],"sources":[{"id":"petru1961-catez","title":"Peter Petru, K trem novim napisom s spodnjega Posavja, Arheološki vestnik 11–12(1960–1961),27–45","url":"https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/av/article/download/10041/9187/27506","landing_url":"https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/av/article/view/10041","locator":"pp.27–29, figs.1–3 and plateI; especially p.28 opening paragraph, inscription and dating; ","consultation":"Official journal PDF downloaded; relevant full text and rendered pp.28–29 inspected. Later corpus concordances remain metadata, not newly collated original editions.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"lovenjak1997-context","title":"Milan Lovenjak, Štirje novi miljniki s ceste Emona–Neviodunum, Arheološki vestnik 48(1997),89–96","url":"https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/av/article/download/8887/8021","landing_url":"https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/av/article/view/8887","locator":"p.89 opening discussion and note2; ","consultation":"Official journal PDF downloaded; p.89 primary-setting and discovery-year passage inspected; it explicitly refers to Petru, not an independent second excavation.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"edh-hd068538-local","title":"Epigraphic Database Heidelberg, HD068538, local 2023-04-26 snapshot","url":"https://edh.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/inschrift/HD068538","locator":"HD068538; findspot, year_of_find, commentary, literature, present_location and origdate_text; last_update 2014-12-02","consultation":"Local corpus metadata inspected; live page unavailable. ILSl1,198 and ILJug 1176 concordances inherited; full corpus pages not directly inspected. Raw EDH numeric dates are reversed, but origdate_text explicitly gives 139–141 CE.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"lupa20898","title":"F.and O.Harl, Ubi Erat Lupa20898, Fragmente eines Meilensteins des Antoninus Pius","url":"https://lupa.at/20898","locator":"Find circumstances; repository; dating; references; photograph credited OrtolfHarl 2012; record updated 2019-10-26","consultation":"Indexed catalogue text inspected, including museum and corpus concordances; direct page fetch failed. No images reproduced and no current object-presence claim made.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"mileusnic-jovanovic2018-catez-position","title":"Zrinka Mileusnić and Alenka Jovanović, Čateški grič, Arheologija na avtocestah Slovenije 78 (Ljubljana 2018)","url":"https://www.zvkds.si/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/cateski_gric_splet.pdf","locator":"p.7 figs.3–4; p.8 figs.5–6; p.9 fig.7; p.10 milestone context;  one-based","consultation":"Official ZVKDS full monograph downloaded; relevant text and rendered survey/topographic, cadastral and orthophoto plans inspected. The plans locate modern archaeological sites and the highway corridor; they do not mark the 1958/1959 milestone seating.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","sha256":"41fa8efa8ff4a2c46a36e7d0c0b9a0af033e1179c220139835a59842641ac1a5","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"gustin-olic-cateski-survey-anchor","title":"Mitja Guštin and Slobodan Olić, Čateški Grič, in The Earth Beneath Your Feet: Archaeology on the Motorways in Slovenia, catalogue pp.114–116 (English extract; title-page date not inspected)","url":"https://www.eheritage.si/DDC/DDC_020_024_NDSFNHAGWTBZIWVHRDDTUQKNTGMGFK.pdf","locator":"p.114 opening location table and aerial photograph; three-page official heritage extract, ","consultation":"Official eHeritage extract downloaded; coordinate table and aerial photograph visually inspected. Its x546560 y83377 coordinate is the Čateški Grič archaeological-site survey anchor, not a milestone coordinate.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","sha256":"473247044e31c1c61918687b8fd53942ce18c6023e3f23dc0cfa6d77fa4ba7e0","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"rkd11434-context-geometry","title":"Ministry of Culture of Slovenia, eVRD / Register: EID1-11434, Čatež ob Savi – Arheološko najdišče Čateški grič","url":"https://geohub.gov.si/ags/rest/services/MK/MK_EVRD/MapServer/0/query?where=ESD%3D11434&outFields=*&outSR=4326&f=pjson","locator":"OBJECTID28479; EID1-11434; ESD11434; STANJE_POD 17-10-2026; geometry returned in WGS 84","consultation":"Official GIS query downloaded and inspected. The transformed published survey anchor falls inside this registered hill-site boundary. The registered boundary is not a boundary of the milestone findspot.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","sha256":"0c87aaebb398be1d81c7518766e67da03a76583c536e9ebe2b126b941e73c4a8"},{"id":"pmb-official-museum-position","title":"Posavski muzej Brežice, official museum visitor information and directions","url":"https://www.pmb.si/muzej","locator":"Museum description and Navodila za pot link; directions destination !1d 15.5925453!2d 45.9018202; official institutional address Cesta prvih borcev1, Brežice","consultation":"Official museum page and HTML directions link inspected. The destination coordinate identifies the museum institution in Brežice Castle; it does not identify a storeroom, the fragments or current display status.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","sha256":"bbb6454172780a6bedac07716842cc246e01aaae3f6718d29ddf79305bc1a556"},{"id":"catez-replica-local-report2024","title":"Rok Retelj, Ne bo jih več sram, Posavski obzornik XXVIII/11 (23 May 2024), p.7","url":"https://www.posavskiobzornik.si/datoteke/katalogTrgovina/1124.pdf","locator":"p.7, article on the village-square opening of6 May 2024","consultation":"Published newspaper article text inspected through the indexed full-page extract. It expressly reports a Roman-milestone replica made with Posavski muzej for the renewed village square; exact replica identity and surveyed position were not established.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17"}],"events":[{"type":"discovery","label":"Ancient seating exposed during highway works; discovery-year reports conflict","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"1958 in Lovenjak 1997 /1959 in EDH and Lupa; year unresolved","evidence":"Petru describes the highway-cut discovery and blasting without an explicit year in the inspected passage; Lovenjak p.89 says 1958, later catalogues say 1959. These are competing reports of one event.","source_ids":["petru1961-catez","lovenjak1997-context","edh-hd068538-local","lupa20898"],"date_alternatives":[{"start":1958,"end":1958,"source_ids":["lovenjak1997-context"]},{"start":1959,"end":1959,"source_ids":["edh-hd068538-local","lupa20898"]}],"id":"catez-iljug-1176-primary-setting-event1","kind":"discovery","basis":"Petru describes the highway-cut discovery and blasting without an explicit year in the inspected passage; Lovenjak p.89 says 1958, later catalogues say 1959. These are competing reports of one event.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"type":"damage","label":"Modern blasting breaks the milestone into fragments","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"At highway discovery; precise year disputed 1958/1959","evidence":"Petru p.28 reports blasting and six surviving fragments.","source_ids":["petru1961-catez"],"id":"catez-iljug-1176-primary-setting-event2","kind":"damage","basis":"Petru p.28 reports blasting and six surviving fragments.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"type":"repository","label":"Fragments stored at Posavski muzej Brežice","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Custody reported in volume 11–12(1960–1961); exact transfer and calendar publication dates not established here","evidence":"Petru p.28 reports museum storage.","source_ids":["petru1961-catez"],"id":"catez-iljug-1176-primary-setting-event3","kind":"repository","basis":"Petru p.28 reports museum storage.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"type":"repository-observation","label":"Museum photography credited to 2012","start":2012,"end":2012,"date_display":"2012 photograph credit; catalogue entry updated 2019","evidence":"Lupa attributes the museum images to OrtolfHarl 2012.","source_ids":["lupa20898"],"id":"catez-iljug-1176-primary-setting-event4","kind":"repository-observation","basis":"Lupa attributes the museum images to OrtolfHarl 2012.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"catalogue_ids":["EDCS-10001181"],"rejected_catalogue_coordinates":["EDCS-10001181"],"rejected_catalogue_coordinate_details":[{"catalogue_id":"EDCS-10001181","place":"Catez","coordinates":[14.9588038,45.9705365],"reason":"This catalogue point is incompatible with the explicit Brežice-area road-cut find between Čatež ob Savi and Krška vas. Do not confuse it with another Čatež near Trebnje. Raw coordinates remain in the catalogue for audit.","source_ids":["petru1961-catez","edh-hd068538-local"]}],"region":"Pannonia / Slovenia","work_category":"Road reconstruction interpreted; verb not preserved","alteration_category":"Modern blasting / fragmentation","evidence_status":"publication_checked_primary_setting_expansion","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","monument_form":{"kind":"freestanding-column","label":"Freestanding milestone; ancient seating documented; now fragments"},"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T2","subtype":"T2a","assessment_date":"2026-10-17","rationale":"The investigator documented the ancient milestone seating in the highway-cut exposure beside the Roman road; later review explicitly confirms that seating. Modern blasting fragmented the milestone; no pre-blasting observation is claimed.","source_ids":["petru1961-catez","lovenjak1997-context"],"anchor_location_ids":["catez-iljug1176-original-station"],"gates":{"primary_setting_documented":true,"physical_roman_road_relation":true,"milestone_function_supported":true,"historical_position_distinguished_from_current":true},"gate_sources":{"primary_setting_documented":["petru1961-catez"],"physical_roman_road_relation":["petru1961-catez"],"milestone_function_supported":["petru1961-catez"],"historical_position_distinguished_from_current":["petru1961-catez"]},"limitations":["T2a classifies the published ancient seating, not the precision of the mapped search-area centre.","The600m original-setting search envelope is unsuitable for point-to-road alignment tests.","The museum destination remains a T6 institution proxy and cannot inherit the ancient-setting tier.","Discovery year and lost distance origin remain disputed; inscription chronology139–141CE is unchanged."],"pending_requirements":["Locate the actual1950s station from archival excavation documentation or a survey tied to surviving control features before reducing the search envelope or enabling alignment comparison.","Audit source genealogy before calling the relation independent confirmation of an Itiner-e segment."],"object_identity":"Six fragments of one Antoninus Pius milestone: ILJug1176 / ILSl1,198","milestone_function_status":"Accepted in the inspected publication.","roman_attribution_status":"Roman attribution in the inspected field publication.","support_form":"Freestanding milestone column, preserved in fragments.","support_original_position_status":"Ancient seating recorded in the highway-cut exposure after blasting; later museum fragments are a separate location assertion","historical_location_role":"original_station","road_context_status":"original_installation","publication_locator":"pp.27–28 figs1–2; p.28 inscription and dating; Lovenjak1997 p.89","publication_url_or_local_path":"https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/av/article/download/10041/9187/27506","assessment_reason":"The investigator documented the ancient milestone seating in the highway-cut exposure beside the Roman road; later review explicitly confirms that seating. Modern blasting fragmented the milestone; no pre-blasting observation is claimed.","source_independence":"Not reviewed for any individual Itiner-e segment.","temporal_compatibility":"Inscription dating is not equated with the date of surviving road fabric.","inference_scope":"Primary marker station and documented local road relation only.","location_effective_tier_overrides":{"catez-iljug1176-original-station":{"tier":"T5","rationale":"The original seating is documented at object level as T2a, but the mapped coordinate is a published contextual survey anchor for a 600 m original-setting search area; it does not pinpoint the seating.","comparison_eligible":false}}},"location_audit_notes":["EDCS-10001181 coordinate[14.9588038,45.9705365] conflicts with the explicit Brežice-area discovery and remains excluded.","Original-setting geometry is now an explicitly bounded contextual search area based on a published site-survey anchor and road-cut descriptions; exact seating is unresolved.","Museum directions destination is separated from its map viewport centre and from object-level custody certainty."],"position_audit_file":"site-position-catez.json","position_audit_limits":["No published georeferenceable plan of the milestone seating itself was found in the inspected sources.","The Čateški Grič survey anchor and heritage polygon describe a contextual archaeological site, not the milestone discovery footprint.","No original-socket point, dated museum room position or replica coordinate is claimed."],"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[]},{"id":"el-qusayyibe-east-imc293","label":"El-Qusayyibe East: IMC 293 beside the surveyed Roman road","identifiers":["IMC293","Maʿale Gamla survey Site79 (station context)"],"date_start":null,"date_end":null,"date_display":"Roman attribution; individual milestone undated and anepigraphic","dating_basis":"No inscription or independent installation date is recorded for IMC 293. Dates inferred for the road and tower are not transferred to this stone.","date_phases":[{"id":"qusayyibe-imc293-undated","label":"Anepigraphic milestone: individual date unresolved","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Roman; individual date unknown","basis":"The 2024 study reports eight in-situ milestones beside the two towers without identified inscriptions.","source_ids":["pazout-eisenberg-osband2024-golan"],"status":"Contextual Roman attribution; no individual epigraphic chronology"}],"location_relation":"roadside-find-context","location_status":"Surveyed beside the physical Roman road and tower; no excavated original socket or installation sequence admitted.","findspot":{"label":"El-Qusayyibe East / Kanaf Orchard station on southern Golan road R1","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"An individual stone coordinate has not been extracted; the separate mapped position locates the excavation/station area."},"repository":{"label":"At the surveyed station in the published documentation; current field presence unverified","coordinates":null,"current_status":"Published roadside survey context; no current custody check"},"locations":[{"id":"qusayyibe-imc293-roadside-context","role":"findspot","label":"IMC 293 in the published roadside survey photograph and station setting","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"Fig.4 explicitly labels this object beside the physical road; no original socket or numerical object coordinate is published here.","source_ids":["pazout-eisenberg-osband2024-golan","imc-north-qusayyibe"],"status":"Published roadside context, original installation unproved","date_display":"2019 excavation surroundings;2024 survey publication","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T2","reason":"A full field study and labelled plan/photo establish this specifically numbered stone beside the physical Roman road and tower. Original installation in an excavated socket is unproved.","source_ids":["pazout-eisenberg-osband2024-golan","imc-north-qusayyibe"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T2","role_ceiling_applied":false,"subtype":"T2b"}},{"id":"qusayyibe-imc293-station-area","role":"reported-locality","label":"El-Qusayyibe East excavation and milestone-station area, approximate locator","coordinates":[35.740595,32.869728],"coordinate_source":"https://hadashot.iaa.org.il/Report_Detail_Eng.aspx?id=26013&print=all","accuracy_m":100,"precision_note":"WGS 84 conversion of the midpoint of the official excavation bounds, ITM 269620–269652/752890–752900. The 100 m radius is a conservative editorial station-area envelope, not a surveyed milestone accuracy.","source_ids":["pazout-eisenberg-osband2021-qusayyiba","pazout-eisenberg-osband2024-golan"],"status":"Derived station-area locator; not an original milestone pinpoint","date_display":"October 2019 excavation area","comparison_eligible":false,"coordinate_fitness":"Navigation to station area only; no point-to-road validation","geometry_method":{"method":"published-grid-bounds-midpoint","source_id":"pazout-eisenberg-osband2021-qusayyiba","source_crs":"EPSG:2039 (Israel 1993 / Israeli TM Grid)","target_crs":"EPSG:4326","input_bounds":[269620,752890,269652,752900],"input_point":[269636,752895],"transformation":"pyproj 3.6.1 Transformer.from_crs(2039,4326,always_xy=True)","output_unrounded":[35.740594662864794,32.86972767431749],"uncertainty_basis":"Excavation/tower bounds are not the stone coordinate;100 m envelope allows for the adjacent station and road photograph extent. Not a statistical confidence interval.","kind":"published-grid-bounds-midpoint","summary":"Convert the midpoint of the official ITM excavation bounds to a WGS84 station-area locator. The milestone itself is not numerically surveyed; the100m circle is an editorial search envelope.","source_ids":["pazout-eisenberg-osband2021-qusayyiba"]},"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"Reported locality or site-complex locator; this is not a surveyed original marker position.","source_ids":["pazout-eisenberg-osband2021-qusayyiba","pazout-eisenberg-osband2024-golan"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T2","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"road_action":"No inscribed construction or repair act is available for this anepigraphic object.","road_construction_type":"Associated R1 preserves curbs and stone road fabric; survey gives general width 4.8–5.2 m for R1. That is a road observation, not an individual milestone date.","actors":["No ancient actor is named on this object.","Adam Pažout, Michael Eisenberg and Mechael Osband—modern field investigators."],"latin_excerpt":"No inscription identified.","translation":"No translation: anepigraphic in the consulted publication.","translation_status":"No invented inscription or translation","alterations":["No specific reuse or defacement is established for IMC 293; the surveyed road/tower setting is distinguished from an excavated original emplacement."],"limits":["Only IMC 293 is admitted as this object dossier. The three separately labelled neighbours IMC 408,409 and 415 are not counted as parts or inscriptions of it.","The publication calls the eight stones by two towers in situ, but an excavated socket/base relation for this individual is not demonstrated.","Tower and regional road chronology are independent contextual evidence; neither supplies a date for IMC 293.","Current field condition and custody have not been newly verified."],"sources":[{"id":"pazout-eisenberg-osband2024-golan","title":"Adam Pažout, Michael Eisenberg and Mechael Osband, Between Gaulanitis and Hippos: The Roman Road in the Southern Golan Heights in Context, Tel Aviv 51.1(2024),95–117","url":"https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/432768664/Between_Gaulanitis_and_Hippos_The_Roman_Road_in_the_Southern_Golan_Heights_in_Context.pdf","locator":"pp.96,100–102; fig.4 p.102; chronological conclusions pp.113–115","consultation":"University-hosted full article downloaded; relevant full text read and fig.4 rendered and inspected. No source figure redistributed.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2024.2327802","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"pazout-eisenberg-osband2021-qusayyiba","title":"Adam Pažout, Michael Eisenberg and Mechael Osband, El-Qusayyiba(East), Hadashot Arkheologiyot 133(2021), preliminary report 4 July 2021","url":"https://hadashot.iaa.org.il/Report_Detail_Eng.aspx?id=26013&print=all","locator":"Opening survey and excavation paragraphs; figs.1–2; excavationlicense G-4/2019 and mapreference","consultation":"Full official excavation web report read. Report bounds locate the excavation/tower, not an individual milestone.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"imc-north-qusayyibe","title":"Israel Milestone Committee, North: Golan Heights–Lawieh ridge","url":"https://milestones.kinneret.ac.il/en/info-about-milestones/north/","locator":"Kanaf Orchard row: IMC293,408,409,415, Maale Gamla mapsite 79, in situ","consultation":"Full university/IMC catalogue row read; provides identity concordance and original-place label, not a socket excavation.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"el-qusayyibe-east-imc293-itinere-metadata-review","title":"Admitted Itiner-e snapshot: local segment bibliography review","url":"https://roman-roads-evidence-20261017.wu9485651.chatgpt.site/data/roads.json","locator":"Source segment IDs 22051; bibliography, author, certainty and route labels; exact snapshot retained","consultation":"Direct local metadata review, not a new reading of the underlying source books or an independent archaeological survey."}],"events":[{"type":"survey-observation","label":"Published identification of IMC 293 beside the Roman road","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Documented in 2024 report; individual survey observation date unreported","evidence":"Fig.4 labels IMC293 and neighbouring objects in the road/tower aerial view.","source_ids":["pazout-eisenberg-osband2024-golan"],"id":"el-qusayyibe-east-imc293-event1","kind":"survey-observation","basis":"Fig.4 labels IMC 293 and neighbouring objects in the road/tower aerial view.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"catalogue_ids":[],"region":"Southern Golan Heights","work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"No documented reuse","evidence_status":"publication_checked_roadside_context_expansion","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","monument_form":{"kind":"freestanding-column","label":"Anepigraphic freestanding milestone"},"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T2","subtype":"T2b","assessment_date":"2026-10-17","rationale":"A full field study and labelled plan/photo establish this specifically numbered stone beside the physical Roman road and tower. Original installation in an excavated socket is unproved.","source_ids":["pazout-eisenberg-osband2024-golan","pazout-eisenberg-osband2021-qusayyiba","imc-north-qusayyibe"],"anchor_location_ids":["qusayyibe-imc293-roadside-context"],"limitations":["Original installation unproved; in-situ catalogue wording does not substitute for an installation sequence.","Mapped centre is only a station-area locator and retains T5."],"pending_requirements":["Excavate or document individual seating before considering T2a.","Admit a direct or reproducibly georeferenced individual coordinate before distance comparisons."],"source_independence":"Local record22051 cites Pažout Staab and Eisenberg2020 and TIR Iudaea-Palaestina. The2024 field report has overlapping authors and cites the2020 work for different milestones (IMC212/250). This is potential research dependence, not proof that IMC293 itself was used to reconstruct this line.","temporal_compatibility":"Individual marker undated; regional road and tower chronology kept separate.","inference_scope":"Local co-occurrence of this milestone and surviving road only.","qualification":"Original installation unproved"},"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[],"source_genealogy_assessment":{"id":"el-qusayyibe-east-imc293-source-genealogy-triage","kind":"source-genealogy-metadata-triage","label":"Local route-source metadata checked; independence unresolved","summary":"Local record22051 cites Pažout Staab and Eisenberg2020 and TIR Iudaea-Palaestina. The2024 field report has overlapping authors and cites the2020 work for different milestones (IMC212/250). This is potential research dependence, not proof that IMC293 itself was used to reconstruct this line.","status":"Metadata triage with explicit outstanding source collation","source_ids":["el-qusayyibe-east-imc293-itinere-metadata-review","pazout-eisenberg-osband2024-golan"],"candidate_search_bbox_lonlat":[35.738,32.868,35.743,32.872],"search_method":"Include records having at least one source geometry vertex in the stated rectangle. This is a bounded metadata lookup, not a complete spatial intersection or road assignment.","candidate_records":[{"id":22051,"name":"Sea of Galilee-Neue","certainty":"Certain","bibliography":"Pažout Staab and Eisenberg 2020, TIR Iudaea-Palaestina","author":"Adam Pažout"}],"independence":"possible_dependency_unresolved","geometry_inference":"No numerical point-to-road alignment, change to road geometry, or transfer of modern display coordinates into an ancient road anchor."}},{"id":"cyrene-c537-claudius-mile1","label":"Cyrene C.537: Claudius road restoration and first-mile marker","identifiers":["IRCyr C.537","AE 1951,207","HD021421"],"date_start":44,"date_end":47,"date_display":"44–47 CE conservative bounds; corpus headline 45–46 CE, commentary preserves alternatives","dating_basis":"Titulature is incomplete: tribunician V[I]. IRCyrheadline 45–46 and commentary alternatives 44/45,45/46 or 46/47 do not justify a single exact year.","date_phases":[{"id":"cyrene-c537-claudian-inscription","label":"Claudius restoration text and mile I","start":44,"end":47,"date_display":"25 January 44–24 January 47: bounds covering corpus commentary alternatives","basis":"IRCyr C.537 edition and commentary;headline 45–46 is retained as an alternative attribution.","source_ids":["ircyr-c537"],"status":"Qualified titulatary chronology"}],"date_alternatives":[{"id":"cyrene-c537-headline-date","label":"Corpus headline date","start":45,"end":46,"date_display":"45–46 CE","basis":"IRCyr C.537 Date field; narrower than its own commentary.","source_ids":["ircyr-c537"],"status":"Corpus metadata alternative; not silently preferred over commentary"}],"location_relation":"road-associated-findspot","location_status":"Found 1947 in the South Necropolis; corpus assigns the first mile of Cyrene–Ptolemais road and records re-erection at the findspot. Exact original installation remains unverified here.","findspot":{"label":"South Necropolis of Cyrene, a little south of Sidi Mohammed Basjuda cemetery","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Verbal findspot only. No numerical original or re-erected point admitted."},"repository":{"label":"Findspot, re-erected, in corpus record; current field presence unverified","coordinates":null,"current_status":"Historical re-erection record, not a current observation"},"locations":[{"id":"cyrene-c537-1947-findspot","role":"findspot","label":"1947 findspot south of Sidi Mohammed Basjuda cemetery","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"Specific verbal findspot; exact station or platform coordinate not admitted.","source_ids":["ircyr-c537"],"status":"Corpus findspot near assigned first-mile road context","date_display":"1947 discovery","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T3","reason":"The full corpus provides a specific roadside-region findspot and first-mile road assignment, but the original-platform chain was not collated against the full 1950 report; primary installation is not assumed from re-erection.","source_ids":["ircyr-c537"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"cyrene-c537-reerected","role":"observation","label":"Reported re-erection at the findspot","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"Re-erection is a later action; it is not a newly verified ancient emplacement.","source_ids":["ircyr-c537"],"status":"Last recorded location in corpus; current presence unverified","date_display":"Re-erection recorded by corpus; exact date not independently collated","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","reason":"Specific secondary discovery, recovery, or observed display context; original road setting is not established at this coordinate.","source_ids":["ircyr-c537"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T3","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"road_action":"restituit explicitly records restoration; road identification supplied by milestone context and corpus interpretation.","road_construction_type":"Restoration is stated; construction method, extent and executing workforce are not specified in the text.","actors":["Claudius—named imperial authority.","Caesernius Veiento—named proconsul in the dating clause; not independently identified here as an executing workforce."],"latin_excerpt":"restituit ann[o] / [.. ? .. C]aeserni Veienton[is] / proco(n)s(ulis) / [Cretae et Cyr]en[arum] / I","translation":"Restored, in the year of Caesernius Veiento, proconsul of Crete and Cyrene; mileone. Editorial summary preserves restored names and province.","translation_status":"Concise editorial paraphrase of the corpus; no new autopsy","alterations":["Re-erected at the recorded findspot. No ancient reuse or defacement is securely established in the consulted corpus entry."],"limits":["No CIL identity assigned: this stone was found 1947; the inspected bibliography provides AE 1951,207 and HD 021421.","Full Goodchild 1950 original-platform discussion was not retrieved, so no T2a installation claim is made.","No exact geographical coordinate admitted.","Corpus headline and commentary chronology differ; all admitted date bounds remain qualified."],"sources":[{"id":"ircyr-c537","title":"Inscriptions of Roman Cyrenaica, C.537: Milestone of Claudius","url":"https://ircyr2020.inslib.kcl.ac.uk/en/inscriptions/C.537.html","locator":"Description; Date; Findspot; Original location; Last recorded location; full edition and chronological commentary; bibliography Goodchild 1950 no.3 pp.84–86","consultation":"Full live corpus entry and local Epi Doc XML read. Source headline dates 45–46 CE, but commentary gives three alternative tribunician-year intervals spanning 25 January 44–24 January 47.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"goodchild1950-accessible-extract","title":"R.G.Goodchild, Roman Milestones in Cyrenaica, Papers of the British School at Rome 18(1950),83–91","url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/papers-of-the-british-school-at-rome/article/abs/roman-milestones-in-cyrenaica/A38C6DA6E207D2F54AB9FE74BB65D8D2","locator":"Accessible extract on the Cyrene road and re-erection note 6; full discussionpp.84–86 not retrieved","consultation":"Publisher extract and footnotes read only. Download endpoint returned HTML. Footnote 6 mentions 1947 re-erection on an original masonry platform but its object anchor could not be collated against the full article; not used to prove C.537 original emplacement.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","doi":"10.1017/S0068246200006176"}],"events":[{"type":"discovery","label":"Discovery in Cyrene South Necropolis","start":1947,"end":1947,"date_display":"1947","evidence":"IRCyrfindspot records discovery 1947.","source_ids":["ircyr-c537"],"id":"cyrene-c537-claudius-mile1-event1","kind":"discovery","basis":"IRCyrfindspot records discovery 1947.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"type":"re-erection","label":"Later re-erection recorded at the findspot","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Reported in corpus; action date not separately verified","evidence":"Last recorded location: findspot,re-erected.","source_ids":["ircyr-c537"],"id":"cyrene-c537-claudius-mile1-event2","kind":"re-erection","basis":"Last recorded location: findspot, re-erected.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"catalogue_ids":[],"region":"Cyrenaica / Libya","work_category":"Restoration explicitly stated","alteration_category":"Modern re-erection","evidence_status":"publication_checked_road_association_expansion","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","monument_form":{"kind":"freestanding-column","label":"Limestone milestone with rectangular base"},"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T3","assessment_date":"2026-10-17","rationale":"The full corpus provides a specific roadside-region findspot and first-mile road assignment, but the original-platform chain was not collated against the full 1950 report; primary installation is not assumed from re-erection.","source_ids":["ircyr-c537"],"anchor_location_ids":["cyrene-c537-1947-findspot"],"limitations":["Original platform evidence remains uncollated; later re-erection kept distinct."],"pending_requirements":["Read Goodchild 1950 pp.84–86 and plate XXVII fig.1 against footnote 6 to confirm platform identity.","Georeference an identifiable original site feature before mapping."],"source_independence":"IRCyrtext derives from Goodchild; not independent confirmation of that first publication or any Itiner-egeometry.","temporal_compatibility":"Restorationtext dated 44–47 bounds; survivingroadfabric not independently dated here.","inference_scope":"Roadassignment and restoration record, not exact alignment validation."},"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[]},{"id":"rib-2308-smiths-shield","label":"Smith’s Shield: surviving primary Stanegate milestone base","identifiers":["RIB 2308","CIL VII 1187","EDH HD071423"],"catalogue_ids":["EDCS-07901111"],"region":"Britain","date_start":301,"date_end":400,"date_display":"Secondary inscription: fourth century CE in RIB; primary inscription date unknown","dating_basis":"RIB dates the secondary imperial honorific formula by textual context to the fourth century. No secure year or named reigning emperor survives. The primary DRI/TVNG readings are antiquarian and their Hadrianic interpretation remains conjectural.","date_phases":[{"id":"rib-2308-primary-phase","label":"Primary text: DRI reported; precise date unknown","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Roman primary phase; date unresolved","basis":"RIB separates DRI as a primary text. A Hadrianic or Antonine identification is conjectural, not a secure regnal date.","source_ids":["rib2308-corpus","birley2014-stanegate"],"status":"Antiquarian reading; letters no longer extant on surviving pieces"},{"id":"rib-2308-secondary-phase","label":"Secondary imperial honorific reinscription","start":301,"end":400,"date_display":"Fourth century CE; exact year and emperor unknown","basis":"RIB textual-context dating. 301–400 is the editorial century envelope, not annual epigraphic precision.","source_ids":["rib2308-corpus"],"status":"Corpus dating from historically recorded formula; no current lettering visible"}],"date_alternatives":[{"id":"rib-2308-primary-hadrianic-hypothesis","label":"Possible Hadrianic primary phase","start":117,"end":138,"date_display":"Possibly Hadrianic; 117–138 CE is a reign envelope, not a secure inscription date","basis":"Birley’s interpretation of Horsley’s DRI and Gale’s reported TVNG suggests Hadrian and possibly cohors I Tungrorum. RIB also records Horsley’s Antoninus Pius possibility.","source_ids":["rib2308-corpus","birley2014-stanegate","birley2017-abstract"],"status":"Hypothesis requiring full textual and source-history reassessment"}],"location_relation":"original-emplacement","location_status":"Surviving base publication-reported still in its original position beside the Stanegate; shaft fragments were removed and reused","findspot":{"label":"Smith’s Shield surviving original base, north side of the Stanegate","coordinates":[-2.3821771,54.9899943],"coordinate_source":"https://spatial.durham.gov.uk/arcgis/rest/services/External/VectorPoint/MapServer/12/query?where=PRN%3D%27N6577%27&outFields=PRN%2CNAME%2CEASTING%2CNORTHING&f=pjson","accuracy_m":60,"accuracy_note":"Object-level official HER point E375644 N566223 (OSGB36/British National Grid), converted to WGS84 with pyproj/PROJ EPSG:1314. Display with a 60 m editorial envelope: the HER also transcribes NY 7564 6624 (OS 1957) and NY 7567 6625 (Sedgley 1975), whose source positions differ. The envelope is not a field-survey accuracy or statistical confidence interval. The base’s primary setting is publication-supported; its exact station is not resolved to metre precision."},"repository":{"label":"Base retained beside the Stanegate; shaft pieces reported by RIB west of it, including a gatepost. No museum repository established.","coordinates":null,"current_status":"Source-specific observations; present shaft custody not independently confirmed."},"locations":[{"id":"rib-2308-original-base","role":"original-emplacement","label":"Smith’s Shield: surviving milestone base on north side of Stanegate","coordinates":[-2.3821771,54.9899943],"coordinate_source":"https://spatial.durham.gov.uk/arcgis/rest/services/External/VectorPoint/MapServer/12/query?where=PRN%3D%27N6577%27&outFields=PRN%2CNAME%2CEASTING%2CNORTHING&f=pjson","accuracy_m":60,"precision_note":"Object-level official HER point E375644 N566223 (OSGB 36/British National Grid), converted to WGS 84 with pyproj/PROJ EPSG:1314. Display with a 60 m editorial envelope: the HER also transcribes NY 7564 6624 (OS 1957) and NY 7567 6625 (Sedgley 1975), whose source positions differ. The envelope is not a field-survey accuracy or statistical confidence interval. The base’s primary setting is publication-supported; its exact station is not resolved to metre precision.","source_ids":["rib2308-corpus","he1014820-stanegate","smith-her-N6577","smith-her-sources","smith-her-point"],"date_display":"Standing by 1725; base measured 1944; OS field observation 1966 and RCHME measured-survey entry 1988 reported by HER; coordinate accessed 2026","status":"Original base still in situ in RIB and later official HER accounts; mapped HER position has explicit positional uncertainty; no new current field inspection","comparison_eligible":false,"geometry_method":{"id":"smith-her-grid-conversion-20261017","kind":"published-grid-conversion","summary":"Official object-level HER GIS point, cross-checked against the record’s historical OS/Sedgley NGRs, converted from British National Grid to WGS84; no map digitization or site centroid used.","source_ids":["smith-her-N6577","smith-her-point"],"source_crs":"EPSG:27700 — OSGB36 / British National Grid","target_crs":"EPSG:4326 — WGS84; stored longitude,latitude","input":{"easting_m":375644,"northing_m":566223,"prn":"N6577"},"input_historical_references":[{"label":"OS 6-inch 1957, as transcribed by HER","ngr":"NY 7564 6624","easting_m":375640,"northing_m":566240,"grid_resolution_m":10},{"label":"Sedgley 1975, p.45 no.90, as transcribed by HER; book not directly inspected","ngr":"NY 7567 6625","easting_m":375670,"northing_m":566250,"grid_resolution_m":10}],"software":"pyproj 3.8.0; PROJ 9.8.1","operation":"Inverse of British National Grid + OSGB36 to WGS84 (6), EPSG:1314, axis order normalized","operation_accuracy_m":2,"operation_accuracy_scope":"PROJ/EPSG operation metadata only; not milestone-location accuracy or a statistical confidence interval","pipeline":"proj=pipeline step inv proj=tmerc lat_0=49 lon_0=-2 k=0.9996012717 x_0=400000 y_0=-100000 ellps=airy step proj=push v_3 step proj=cart ellps=airy step proj=helmert x=446.448 y=-125.157 z=542.06 rx=0.15 ry=0.247 rz=0.842 s=-20.489 convention=position_vector step inv proj=cart ellps=WGS84 step proj=pop v_3 step proj=unitconvert xy_in=rad xy_out=deg","grid_limitation":"OSTN15 correction grid was unavailable in the temporary runtime; explicit EPSG:1314 Helmert operation selected, avoiding ballpark/no-datum conversion. Its 2 m stated transformation accuracy is small relative to the 60 m editorial location envelope.","output_unrounded":[-2.3821770920174834,54.9899942733212],"official_wgs84_crosscheck":{"coordinates":[-2.382185165526039,54.99000005215788],"source":"Same official GIS query with outSR=4326","difference_m_approx":0.83,"scope":"Cross-check of transformation only; official server datum operation not supplied"},"uncertainty":{"radius_m":60,"type":"editorial display envelope","confidence_level":null,"basis":"Current HER point differs by 17.5 m from the OS 1957 NGR corner and by 37.5 m from the Sedgley NGR corner. A 60 m circle includes both full 10 m grid cells plus 2 m operation accuracy and a small rounding margin. This is a defensible display bound on admitted source positions, not a guaranteed archaeological or 95% error bound."},"source_access":"HER narrative, source-of-reference page, public GIS layer schema, app/webmap links and PRN feature queried directly on 17 October 2026. Original OS map, field notebooks, and Sedgley book were not directly inspected.","reproduction_python":"from pyproj import Transformer\nt = Transformer.from_pipeline(PIPELINE_RECORDED_ABOVE)\nlongitude, latitude = t.transform(375644, 566223)","not_used":["NHLE 1014820 designation-wide centroid NY7634466400","NY 772 664 / Codley Gate eastern milestone","Vindolanda fort catalogue locality","Citizen field point NY7561766242 (discovery lead only; excluded from coordinate authority)"]},"coordinate_fitness":"Object-specific published heritage locator with editorial source-disagreement envelope; navigation and contextual display only","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T2","reason":"The RIB corpus explicitly reports the original base still in position beside the Stanegate; the official archaeological narrative identifies the local Roman road and the surviving milestone stump. Later displacement is confined to upper shaft fragments. Admission is based on a documented surviving primary base, not a newly claimed excavated socket.","source_ids":["rib2308-corpus","he1014820-stanegate","smith-her-N6577","smith-her-sources","smith-her-point"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T2","role_ceiling_applied":false,"subtype":"T2a"}},{"id":"rib-2308-shaft-gatepost","role":"secondary-findspot","label":"Upper shaft formerly reused as north gatepost about 145 m west; later reported lost","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"RIB records a gatepost 145 m west of the original base. The later HER states that the gateway was rebuilt and the north post lost. No documented gate coordinate was recovered; a due-west point would add unsupported bearing and gateway assumptions, so this transported fragment remains unmapped.","source_ids":["rib2308-corpus","smith-her-N6577","smith-her-sources"],"date_display":"Reuse after c. 1815; recorded by RIB 1944; later HER/Sedgley account reports north post lost","status":"Historical transported gatepost, later reported lost; no present custody point admitted","comparison_eligible":false,"coordinate_fitness":"Unlocated historical secondary reuse; relative report retained as text","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","reason":"Specific secondary discovery, recovery, or observed display context; original road setting is not established at this coordinate.","source_ids":["rib2308-corpus","smith-her-N6577","smith-her-sources"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T2","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"rib-2308-shaft-disused","role":"observation","label":"Other shaft piece reported disused near rebuilt western gateway (1944/1968)","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"RIB reports it lying near the western gate in 1944; the HER, citing Sedgley 1975, p. 45 no. 90, reports it disused there in 1968. The gateway and loose-fragment spot were not independently surveyed in the accessed material; location and current survival remain unresolved.","source_ids":["rib2308-corpus","smith-her-N6577","smith-her-sources"],"date_display":"Historical observations 1944 and 1968 (the latter reported by HER citing Sedgley 1975)","status":"Displaced shaft fragment in historical observation; present position not confirmed","comparison_eligible":false,"coordinate_fitness":"Unlocated historical observation; no precise original or current location inferred","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","reason":"Specific secondary discovery, recovery, or observed display context; original road setting is not established at this coordinate.","source_ids":["rib2308-corpus","smith-her-N6577","smith-her-sources"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T2","role_ceiling_applied":true}},{"id":"rib-2308-smiths-shield-catalogue-EDCS-07901111","role":"catalogue-locality","catalogue_id":"EDCS-07901111","label":"Chesterholm / Vindolanda","coordinates":[-2.3614793,54.9907264],"coordinate_source":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-07901111","precision_note":"EDCS locality anchor. This coordinate is not an independently verified archaeological findspot.","status":"Unverified spatial proxy","source_ids":["rib-2308-smiths-shield-catalogue-EDCS-07901111"],"date_display":"2022 catalogue snapshot; no original-location date inferred","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"This assertion locates custody, a replica, or a catalogue proxy. It cannot locate the ancient marker station.","source_ids":["rib-2308-smiths-shield-catalogue-EDCS-07901111"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"T2","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"road_action":"No preserved works verb is established. Birley proposes road resurfacing by cohors I Tungrorum as a hypothesis; it must not be displayed as a completed construction fact.","road_construction_type":"The NHLE narrative identifies buried Stanegate remains beneath the modern road/track but expressly says the form of this local length had not been archaeologically examined. No excavated socket, pavement section or construction-layer date is established by that designation.","actors":["Unnamed emperor — addressee of the secondary honorific formula; specific identity unknown.","Hadrian or Antoninus Pius — proposed primary imperial identifications, not established named actors.","Cohors I Tungrorum — Birley’s proposed roadworking/marker-setting unit from uncertain antiquarian TVNG reading; unconfirmed.","Horsley and Roger Gale — eighteenth-century readers, not ancient road agents."],"latin_excerpt":"Primary: […] DRI. Secondary: bon[o] / rei- / public[ae] / nato.","translation":"Secondary: Born for the good of the state.","translation_status":"English wording in the RIB edition; primary wording cannot be securely restored.","work_category":"Roadwork hypothesis only","alteration_category":"Reinscription; modern fragmentation and gatepost reuse","alterations":["A secondary imperial honorific formula was read by early observers over an earlier text.","Around 1815 the upper shaft was split for gatepost reuse. The base remained at the roadside; the shaft pieces no longer preserve visible lettering."],"events":[{"type":"observation","label":"Antiquarian observation of the standing milestone","start":null,"end":1725,"date_display":"In or before 1725","basis":"RIB support history; this is a terminus for observation, not the date of installation.","source_ids":["rib2308-corpus"],"id":"rib-2308-smiths-shield-event1","kind":"observation","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"type":"reuse","label":"Shaft split and reused as gateposts","start":1815,"end":1815,"date_display":"About 1815; approximate source date","basis":"RIB reports splitting and later positions. This displacement affects the shaft pieces, not the surviving base.","source_ids":["rib2308-corpus","birley2014-stanegate"],"id":"rib-2308-smiths-shield-event2","kind":"reuse","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"type":"observation","label":"R. P. Wright measured the surviving base and recorded shaft locations","start":1944,"end":1944,"date_display":"1944","basis":"RIB support history explicitly dates measurement and the disused-fragment observation.","source_ids":["rib2308-corpus"],"id":"rib-2308-smiths-shield-event3","kind":"observation","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"limits":["Primary roadside admission attaches to the surviving base, not to displaced upper fragments.","Original position is established in inspected publication narratives; no stratigraphic socket excavation has been inspected.","The local Stanegate relation does not date the road fabric or validate an entire Itiner-e segment.","A recorded sixteenth-mile station is an attribution from milestone spacing and Corbridge distance, not a surviving numeral on the base.","Original CIL VII 1187 was not directly collated. CIL correspondence is reported by RIB.","Birley 2017 full text was not inspected; abstract-based statements are explicitly limited.","Original-base location is mapped from the official object-level HER point with a 60 m editorial uncertainty envelope. Historical NGRs and the current GIS point differ; this is not a field GPS or socket survey coordinate. Displaced shaft pieces remain unlocated."],"sources":[{"id":"rib2308-corpus","title":"R. G. Collingwood and R. P. Wright, RIB 2308, Fragmentary milestone; online corpus edition","url":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2308","locator":"Support: Other events and Modern location; Text: Date; Edition, Apparatus, Commentary; Bibliography CIL VII 1187","type":"corpus object edition directly inspected","consultation":"Complete online object entry inspected on 17 October 2026. CIL VII 1187 is a corpus concordance reported by RIB; the original CIL VII scan was not directly collated in this pass.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"he1014820-stanegate","title":"Historic England, NHLE 1014820: Vindolanda forts, adjacent Stanegate and two milestones","url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1014820","locator":"Reasons for Designation: Stanegate and two in-situ milestones; Details: Stanegate road paragraph and following two milestone paragraphs; entry amended 14 July 1997","type":"official archaeological designation narrative directly inspected","consultation":"Full narrative inspected on 17 October 2026. The page distinguishes the western surviving stump from the complete eastern marker and describes buried Stanegate remains; it does not publish a socket excavation or an object-level WGS 84 survey.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"birley2014-stanegate","title":"Anthony R. Birley, Roman roadworks on the Vindolanda stretch of Stanegate, Epistula VIII (Winter 2014)","url":"https://www.romansociety.org/Portals/0/Documents/Epistula/Epistula_VIII.pdf","locator":"Printed p. 8 /  of 18; article begins Roman roadworks on the Vindolanda stretch of Stanegate; note RIB bibliography lists p. 7 but inspected PDF page reads 8","type":"author scholarly research note directly inspected in full","consultation":"Full research note inspected. Possible Hadrianic/Tungrian interpretation is the author's conjecture from eighteenth-century readings, not newly legible lettering or a secure workforce identification.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"birley2017-abstract","title":"Anthony R. Birley, Roman Roadworks near Vindolanda and the Cohors I Tungrorum, Britannia 48 (2017), 1–17","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X16000532","locator":"Publisher abstract, first and second sentences; full article not inspected","type":"author research article: abstract only","consultation":"Publisher abstract inspected on 17 October 2026; full text was not accessible in this pass. Used only to record that the author calls the two markers in situ and qualifies the primary text and unit attribution.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"smith-her-N6577","title":"Northumberland Historic Environment Record / Keys to the Past N6577: Roman milestone 1.5 km west of Vindolanda (Smith’s Shield)","url":"https://keystothepast.info/search-records/results-of-search/results-of-search-2/site-details/?PRN=N6577","locator":"Monument narrative: initial OS-map NGR; primary base, rebuilt gateway and removed/lost shaft posts; Sedgley NGR; OS 1966 and RCHME1988 events","consultation":"Complete current official monument entry directly inspected. The record transcribes earlier authorities; original field notebooks and original OS 1957 sheet not inspected. Publication/survey dates distinguished from the 2026 access date.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"smith-her-sources","title":"Keys to the Past N6577: sources of reference","url":"https://keystothepast.info/Source-of-reference?PRN=N6577","locator":"Items 1–7: OS 6-inch 1957; RIB 1965 pp. 724–725; OS field investigation, R. W. Emsley, 13 October 1966; Sedgley 1975, p. 45 no. 90; NHLE 1997; RCHME, Mark Bowden, 16 February 1988 and EH 2010 map","consultation":"Complete source list directly inspected. These cited fieldwork/survey items are source-lineage evidence, not a claim to have opened the original reports.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"smith-her-point","title":"Durham County Council public Keys to the Past GIS: N6577 object-level British National Grid point","url":"https://spatial.durham.gov.uk/arcgis/rest/services/External/VectorPoint/MapServer/12/query?where=PRN%3D%27N6577%27&outFields=PRN%2CNAME%2CEASTING%2CNORTHING&f=pjson","locator":"External/VectorPoint/MapServer/12, PRN=N6577: EASTING 375644, NORTHING 566223; layer extent SR EPSG27700. Linked by the Keys to the Past map app/webmap.","consultation":"Layer schema and filtered PRN feature directly queried; the official monument page links its map through ArcGIS app f8d92df13cd74c7884302046d47f923b, webmap b7d0cbe3a7ed48029711f466783da4e8. This is an object record locator with no published field accuracy. WGS84 conversion is editorial and reproducible.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"smith-codley-exclusion","title":"Keys to the Past N6576: the separate eastern Codley Gate milestone","url":"https://keystothepast.info/search-records/results-of-search/results-of-search-2/site-details/?PRN=N6576","locator":"OS 1966 resurvey NY 7718 6648; narrative cites NY 772 664 and explicitly says one Roman mile east of Smith’s Shield milestone [NY 76 NE 27].","consultation":"Complete official entry inspected solely to exclude the eastern milestone NGR from RIB2308; no identification or positional certainty of that separate object transferred.","consulted":true,"consulted_on":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"rib-2308-smiths-shield-catalogue-EDCS-07901111","title":"EDCS-07901111 · local EDCS snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-07901111","locator":"EDCS-07901111; coordinates / place in admitted 2022 local snapshot","consultation":"Local catalogue metadata inspected; coordinate precision and original position unverified"}],"evidence_status":"publication_checked_primary_setting_with_explicit_limits","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","monument_form":{"kind":"freestanding-column","label":"Freestanding sandstone milestone: primary base survives, upper shaft displaced"},"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T2","subtype":"T2a","assessment_date":"2026-10-17","rationale":"The RIB corpus explicitly reports the original base still in position beside the Stanegate; the official archaeological narrative identifies the local Roman road and the surviving milestone stump. Later displacement is confined to upper shaft fragments. Admission is based on a documented surviving primary base, not a newly claimed excavated socket.","source_ids":["rib2308-corpus","he1014820-stanegate"],"anchor_location_ids":["rib-2308-original-base"],"anchor_support":{"rib-2308-original-base":{"source_ids":["rib2308-corpus","he1014820-stanegate"],"publication_locator":"RIB 2308 Support, Other events/Modern location; NHLE 1014820 Details, western milestone paragraph","primary_setting_basis":"Standing milestone observed by 1725; base remains in position while upper shaft was subsequently removed","displacement_assessment":"No movement of surviving base reported; shaft transported west around 1815"}},"limitations":["Publication-established primary base; no stratigraphic socket report inspected.","Original base mapped by object-level HER point with a 60 m editorial source-disagreement envelope, not exact field GPS.","Chronology of primary phase remains uncertain; secondary formula broadly fourth century.","Transported shaft pieces have historical relative reports but remain unmapped; north gatepost later reported lost."],"pending_requirements":["Inspect original CIL VII 1187 and full Birley 2017 article.","Recover or inspect the original OS 1966 / RCHME 1988 measured-survey documentation to reconcile the HER map point with the two published historical grid references; confirm current survival of the base on site.","Review Itiner-e segment source genealogy and local road phase before claiming independent alignment or chronology confirmation."],"object_identity":"RIB 2308 = CIL VII 1187, Smith’s Shield milestone base and displaced shaft fragments","milestone_function_status":"accepted","roman_attribution_status":"Roman milestone accepted by RIB and official archaeological designation","support_form":"freestanding_column; surviving original base","support_original_position_status":"Publication-documented surviving base in primary position; detached upper pieces excluded from anchor","historical_location_role":"original_station","road_context_status":"original_installation","publication_url_or_local_path":"https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/2308","publication_locator":"Support: Other events and Modern location; NHLE 1014820 Details","assessment_reason":"Documented standing primary roadside base rather than generic in situ metadata or proximity.","source_independence":"RIB and NHLE are distinct edited narratives, not demonstrated independent excavations. Local road identification is published, but the cited NHLE expressly says local road form had not been archaeologically examined. Individual Itiner-e genealogy remains unreviewed.","temporal_compatibility":"Primary marker date unknown; secondary formula broadly fourth century. No excavated local road layer has been chronologically matched.","inference_scope":"Surviving base station and local Stanegate relation only.","context_flags":{"documented_epigraphic_reuse":true,"modern_displacement_documented":true,"displacement_affects_anchor":false},"gates":{"primary_setting_documented":true,"physical_roman_road_relation":true,"milestone_function_supported":true,"historical_position_distinguished_from_current":true},"gate_sources":{"primary_setting_documented":["rib2308-corpus","he1014820-stanegate"],"physical_roman_road_relation":["he1014820-stanegate"],"milestone_function_supported":["rib2308-corpus","he1014820-stanegate"],"historical_position_distinguished_from_current":["rib2308-corpus"]}},"position_audit_file":"site-position-smith.json","position_audit_limits":["No original OS 1957 map sheet, 1966 field notebook, 1988 RCHME plan or Sedgley 1975 book directly inspected in this pass; provenance and coordinate references are transcribed by the official current HER.","The current county GIS supplies metre-resolution coordinates without documented object-survey accuracy. Sixty metres is an editorial envelope covering the admitted historical grid cells, not a certified error bound.","No separate later shaft coordinates admitted. RIB 1944 custody wording must not be shown as a verified current location after the HER report that the gateway was rebuilt and north post lost.","The base provides a local roadside relationship only. Its map point stays ineligible for numerical road alignment tests; no chronological or independent corroboration of an entire Itiner-e segment follows."],"road_surface_assessment":{"id":"smith-stanegate-fabric-audit","kind":"road-fabric-phase-assessment","label":"Original base beside a publication-identified Roman corridor; local road fabric not excavated in the cited designation.","status":"Official source explicitly limits archaeological examination","source_ids":["he1014820-stanegate","rib2308-corpus"],"summary":"NHLE 1014820, Reasons for Designation, Roman roads paragraph, states that the form of the Stanegate within the monument had not been examined archaeologically. RIB preserves original-base and displaced-fragment histories. Their pairing supports the local station relation; it does not establish a stratigraphic road phase or independent Itiner-e validation.","inference_scope":"Retained roadside base and historically identified local corridor; no excavated pavement-phase match."},"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","audit_notes":[]},{"id":"tabula-traiana-roadworks","label":"Tabula Traiana: original cliff roadwork record and later raised road block","record_kind":"roadworks-inscription","identifiers":["CIL III1699","CIL III8267","ILJug63","Lupa15228","HD011474"],"catalogue_ids":[],"date_start":100,"date_end":100,"date_display":"100 CE; tribunician powerIIII and consulIII","dating_basis":"Titulature dates the inscription in CIL and the modern edition; it does not date every surviving or reconstructed road surface.","date_phases":[{"id":"tabula-traiana-inscription100","label":"Trajanic roadwork inscription","start":100,"end":100,"source_ids":["tabula-cil1699-1873","tabula-lupa15228"],"basis":"Tribunician powerIIII and consulIII; publication dating100 CE.","status":"Published dating / interpretation as qualified by the edition","date_display":"100 CE; tribunician powerIIII and consulIII"}],"location_relation":"historical-original-rock-road","location_status":"Original cliff/road pairing documented before modern detachment and elevation; present display is a separate location.","findspot":{"label":"Original cliff panel above the rock-cut Danube road, before the1969 lift","coordinates":null,"accuracy_note":"Historical original road relation documented in CIL and the conservation photograph; no original 3D survey point admitted."},"repository":{"label":"Raised cliff display, not museum custody","coordinates":null},"locations":[{"id":"tabula-traiana-original-rock-road","role":"original-emplacement","label":"Original cliff panel above the rock-cut Danube road, before the 1969 lift","coordinates":null,"precision_note":"Historical original road relation documented in CIL and the conservation photograph; no original 3D survey point admitted.","source_ids":["tabula-cil1699-1873","tabula-pavlovic1969"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"Original ancient setting; photographed before the 1969 conservation works","status":"Historically fixed original support, later detached and raised with a road section","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"R1","reason":"The original cliff panel and road are jointly described in CIL and photographed before relocation by the conservation service. The text explicitly concerns roadwork. Historical original context is separated from the raised modern display.","source_ids":["tabula-cil1699-1873","tabula-pavlovic1969"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"R1","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"tabula-traiana-raised-display","role":"observation","label":"Raised Tabula Traiana and conserved road block: official modern display locator","coordinates":[22.3101093,44.6570572],"coordinate_source":"https://geoparkdjerdap.rs/en/kulturno_nasledje/trajans-plaque/","accuracy_m":200,"precision_note":"Named-place destination of the official Geopark map link, with a200m editorial display envelope. This is neither a survey error nor an original Roman elevation/road point.","source_ids":["tabula-pavlovic1969","tabula-geopark","tabula-lupa15228"],"comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"Relocated autumn 1969; official map accessed 2026, no fresh field inspection","status":"Modern raised display, approximately20m above former setting in the conservation report","coordinate_fitness":"Modern display navigation only; original road point and elevation unresolved.","geometry_method":{"kind":"official-display-map-locator","summary":"Extract the named-place destination coordinates from the official Geopark map link, separately from its viewport centre. Map only the raised modern display.","source_ids":["tabula-geopark"],"resolved_url":"https://www.google.com/maps/place/Trajan's+Plaque/@44.6570572,22.3079205,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4751816be83f0f49:0x10fdcd15cbf71750!8m2!3d44.6570572!4d22.3101093?shorturl=1","target_crs":"WGS84 web-map coordinate convention; no survey datum precision claimed","editorial_radius_m":200,"uncertainty":"Conservative display search envelope, not statistical confidence or guaranteed containment; no original elevation transferred."},"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","reason":"Specific secondary discovery, recovery, or observed display context; original road setting is not established at this coordinate.","source_ids":["tabula-pavlovic1969","tabula-geopark","tabula-lupa15228"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"R1","role_ceiling_applied":true}}],"road_action":"Roadmaking/rebuilding claim with mountain cutting and anconibus sublatis in the modern reading. The final verb is restored: Lupa gives via[m r]e[fecit], whereas CIL 1873 supplied an earlier reading. The support-beam phrase has competing interpretations; no secure newly built whole route is inferred.","road_construction_type":"A physical cliff-cut road section lay immediately beneath the inscription; conservation documented and moved part of that road with the panel. The entire Roman alignment was not relocated or preserved by this operation.","actors":["Trajan — named imperial authority and grammatical subject of the roadwork claim.","No ancient executing unit is named in this text; legions known elsewhere on the Danube are not assigned to this operation."],"latin_excerpt":"montibus excisi[s] anco[ni]bus / sublat[i]s via[m r]e[fecit]","translation":"With mountains cut and the supports raised or removed (interpretation disputed), [he rebuilt] the road.","translation_status":"Editorial rendering of the modern edition; restorations and semantic uncertainty retained.","alterations":["Severe weathering documented in the corpus tradition.","Modern TABULA TRAIANA lettering added in 1891, according to the official heritage account.","Panel and adjacent road block detached and raised in 1969; modern setting cannot stand for unchanged original bedrock."],"events":[{"id":"tabula-traiana-modern-heading1891","kind":"modern-alteration","label":"Modern TABULA TRAIANA heading added","start":1891,"end":1891,"source_ids":["tabula-geopark"],"basis":"Official heritage account; not ancient inscription dating.","date_display":"1891","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"},{"id":"tabula-traiana-lift1969","kind":"modern-relocation","label":"Panel and adjoining road section raised for reservoir protection","start":1969,"end":1969,"date_display":"Autumn 1969; preparations 1967–1969","source_ids":["tabula-pavlovic1969"],"basis":"Conservation report p.60: block including7.50m of road raised approximately20m. Preparatory works do not change the year of the actual lift.","status":"Publication-reported; date precision retained"}],"limits":["Roadworks inscription rather than a mileage marker: R1 supplies no T1 milestone admission.","Original cliff/road relation is secure in inspected sources, but the modern display is displaced vertically.","No original 3D coordinate or field-survey accuracy admitted; modern map marker has an editorial envelope.","Modern verb restoration and anconibus sublatis require interpretive qualification.","CIL III 8267 was not directly collated; no claim of comprehensive CIL apparatus review.","Source independence for any individual Itiner-e segment remains unreviewed."],"sources":[{"id":"tabula-cil1699-1873","title":"CIL III.1 (1873), no.1699","url":"https://cil-old.bbaw.de/cil_en/dateien/cil_baende.html","locator":"Printed p.269, no.1699 ; introduction, text and apparatus","consultation":"Local public-domain page visually and textually collated. This early reading differs from the later restoration; CIL III8267 supplement not directly collated.","corpus_volume":"cil-iii-1873","cil_status":"CIL III1699 directly collated; later concordance III8267 reported through Lupa.","page_image":"evidence/cil-iii-1873-p269.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 269","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"tabula-lupa15228","title":"Ubi Erat Lupa 15228, Tabula Traiana","url":"https://lupa.at/15228","locator":"Object type, findspot, custody, inscription, dating and references; photographic dates2003/2009; record update2019-09-07","consultation":"Complete online edition read. Ancient text and modern custody wording checked; modern photographs linked rather than redistributed."},{"id":"tabula-pavlovic1969","title":"Dobroslav St. Pavlović, Izmeštanje Trajanove table i drugi zaštitni radovi u području Đerdapa, Saopštenja VIII (1969),55–62","url":"https://www.heritage.gov.rs/cirilica/Download/Saopstenja/Saopstenje-VIII-1969/Saopstenje_VIII_1969_Izmestanje_Trajanove_table.pdf","locator":"p.56 fig.1 before relocation; pp.58–60 relocation discussion and fig.3; p.60 autumn1969 movement with7.50m road section; ","consultation":"Complete relevant conservation discussion read; rendered pp.56 and60 visually inspected. Report dates the actual lift to autumn1969, separate from preparatory work1967–1969.","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"tabula-geopark","title":"Đerdap UNESCO Global Geopark, Trajan’s Plaque","url":"https://geoparkdjerdap.rs/en/kulturno_nasledje/trajans-plaque/","locator":"Road context,1891 addition,1969 raising; Find on the map link https://goo.gl/maps/XvVpXcChKK1QRWqB7","consultation":"Official heritage page read; map link resolved to named-place destination !3d44.6570572!4d22.3101093. Viewport longitude22.3079205 not used. This is a modern display locator, not an original-position survey."},{"id":"tabula-serbia2020","title":"Serbia’s UNESCO Tentative List6475, Danube Limes (submission2020)","url":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6475/","locator":"Component Trajan’s tablet / Tabula Traiana, Roman road and imperial inscription","consultation":"State-submitted component description read; supports original cliff/road context, not metre precision or modern monument immobility."},{"id":"tabula-traiana-roadworks-itinere-metadata-review","title":"Admitted Itiner-e snapshot: local segment bibliography review","url":"https://roman-roads-evidence-20261017.wu9485651.chatgpt.site/data/roads.json","locator":"Source segment IDs 22977,23197; bibliography, author, certainty and route labels; exact snapshot retained","consultation":"Direct local metadata review, not a new reading of the underlying source books or an independent archaeological survey."}],"region":"Moesia / Danube","work_category":"Road rebuilding stated","alteration_category":"Modern relocation","monument_form":{"kind":"rupestral-roadworks","label":"Originally rock-cut panel, later detached and raised with part of the road"},"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"R1","rationale":"The original cliff panel and road are jointly described in CIL and photographed before relocation by the conservation service. The text explicitly concerns roadwork. Historical original context is separated from the raised modern display.","source_ids":["tabula-cil1699-1873","tabula-lupa15228","tabula-pavlovic1969"],"anchor_location_ids":["tabula-traiana-original-rock-road"],"gates":{"original_support_documented":true,"physical_road_relation":true,"roadwork_text_supported":true,"historical_position_distinguished_from_current":true},"gate_sources":{"original_support_documented":["tabula-cil1699-1873","tabula-pavlovic1969"],"physical_road_relation":["tabula-cil1699-1873","tabula-pavlovic1969"],"roadwork_text_supported":["tabula-cil1699-1873","tabula-lupa15228"],"historical_position_distinguished_from_current":["tabula-pavlovic1969","tabula-geopark","tabula-lupa15228"]},"limitations":["Parallel R1 roadwork class; no mileage function.","Current display coordinate is T4 and not an ancient road anchor."],"source_independence":"Local record22977 (Iron Gates road) cites Petrović2019 and BAtlas21. The same rectangular search also finds23197 (Dierna–Socol), so geographic candidates cannot be treated as automatic road assignments. The underlying bibliographies remain uncollated for inscription dependence.","temporal_compatibility":"Text dates100CE; road-fabric phase and full construction chronology remain separate.","inference_scope":"Original local cliff-road relation and stated roadwork only.","assessment_date":"2026-10-17"},"position_audit_file":"renewed-danube.json","audit_notes":[],"source_genealogy_assessment":{"id":"tabula-traiana-roadworks-source-genealogy-triage","kind":"source-genealogy-metadata-triage","label":"Local route-source metadata checked; independence unresolved","summary":"Local record22977 (Iron Gates road) cites Petrović2019 and BAtlas21. The same rectangular search also finds23197 (Dierna–Socol), so geographic candidates cannot be treated as automatic road assignments. The underlying bibliographies remain uncollated for inscription dependence.","status":"Metadata triage with explicit outstanding source collation","source_ids":["tabula-traiana-roadworks-itinere-metadata-review","tabula-pavlovic1969"],"candidate_search_bbox_lonlat":[22.3,44.65,22.32,44.665],"search_method":"Include records having at least one source geometry vertex in the stated rectangle. This is a bounded metadata lookup, not a complete spatial intersection or road assignment.","candidate_records":[{"id":22977,"name":"Iron Gates road","certainty":"Conjectured","bibliography":"Petrović 2019, BAtlas 21","author":"Jens Christoffersen"},{"id":23197,"name":"Dierna-Socol","certainty":"Conjectured","bibliography":"Fodorean 2013, BAtlas 21","author":"Jens Christoffersen"}],"independence":"possible_dependency_unresolved","geometry_inference":"No numerical point-to-road alignment, change to road geometry, or transfer of modern display coordinates into an ancient road anchor."}},{"id":"sarikaya-cil-iii346-roadworks","label":"Sarıkaya: Nero’s bilingual rock-cut restoration record, Apamea–Nicaea road","record_kind":"roadworks-inscription","identifiers":["CIL III 346","CIG 3743","IK Iznik 13","EDCS-26600085","HD037230"],"catalogue_ids":["EDCS-26600085"],"date_start":58,"date_end":59,"date_display":"58–59 CE; corpus dating envelope, PHI heading58 CE","dating_basis":"Nero, tribunician powerIIII, imperatorial acclamationV and consulIII in the bilingual corpus text; no mileage date borrowed from another monument.","date_phases":[{"id":"sarikaya-nero-road-restoration","label":"Neronian road-restoration inscription","start":58,"end":59,"date_display":"58–59 CE; preserve corpus envelope","source_ids":["renewed-cil-iii346","renewed-phi-iznik13"],"basis":"Imperial titulature, with lacunae bracketed in the modern corpus.","status":"Publication-supported ancient inscription date"}],"location_relation":"original-emplacement","location_status":"Historical rock-cut original setting explicitly recorded by CIL; modern survival is reported lost in a partially accessible later study, not independently verified.","findspot":{"label":"Historical Sarıkaya, southern shore of Lake Ascanius/İznik, beyond Balarum near Muskecim; not central-Anatolian Sarıkaya","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"CIL relative descriptions do not yield a defensible original-panel point in this pass."},"repository":{"label":"No repository transfer established; inscription reported entirely destroyed in Weissova p257, indexed excerpt only","coordinates":null,"current_status":"Condition report qualified; not a verified surviving original rock face"},"locations":[{"id":"sarikaya-original-roadcut","role":"original-emplacement","label":"Historical inscribed rock face cut for the Apamea road above Lake Ascanius","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"Original support and road-cut relationship documented, but no numerical inscription coordinate admitted. Wrong EDCS homonym withheld.","source_ids":["renewed-cil-iii346"],"status":"Historical original setting documented in corpus introduction","date_display":"Historical description incorporated in CIL 1873","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"R1","reason":"CIL expressly identifies an inscribed rock cut to provide passage for the road, while the bilingual text records restoration and commissioning agency. This is a fixed historical roadwork record rather than a milestone.","source_ids":["renewed-cil-iii346"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"R1","role_ceiling_applied":false}}],"road_action":"Road restoration and ordered rebuilding/munitio; the Apamea–Nicaea endpoints are more fully legible in the Greek and restored in the Latin. No mileage statement.","road_construction_type":"Rock cutting above the lake to open passage for the road; no excavated pavement stratigraphy dated here.","actors":["Nero — imperial authority in the restoration claim.","Gaius Iulius Aquila — imperial procurator and roadwork agent. The full name is reconstructed across complementary witnesses: Greek Γαίου Ἰουλίο[υ Ἀκουίλα], Latin [per C. Iulium] Aquilam."],"latin_excerpt":"[viam Apamea Nicae]a[m collapsa]m vetustate restituit, muniendam / curavit [per C. Iulium] Aquilam proc(uratorem) suum.","translation":"[He restored the road from Apamea to Nicaea, damaged] by age, and arranged for its rebuilding through Aquila, his procurator.","translation_status":"Editorial English rendering of the ancient corpus text; restorations remain bracketed.","alterations":["CIL reports water erosion and perforation, deliberate erasure of parts of the Latin, and crudely added later letters. These are not automatically identified as imperial damnatio.","A later study reports complete destruction; only its exact indexed page excerpt was accessible, so no newly verified destruction date is supplied."],"limits":["A rock-cut roadwork record is not a mileage marker; EDCS miliaria tagging does not establish milestone function.","No original-panel coordinate or modern surviving support verified.","EDCS[35.376710,39.495338] contradicts the corpus setting on Lake İznik and must not be mapped as this inscription.","The inscription attests a local road intervention; it does not validate an entire Itiner-e polyline or its geometry.","No consultation of French 1980 or stone autopsy is claimed."],"sources":[{"id":"renewed-cil-iii346","title":"Theodor Mommsen, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum III.1 (1873), no.346","url":"https://cil-old.bbaw.de/cil_en/dateien/cil_baende.html","locator":"Printed p.61, no.346;  one-based, introduction, bilingual text and apparatus","consultation":"Exact local public-domain scan extracted and page image directly inspected on 17 October 2026; original ancient support not personally inspected.","consulted":true,"corpus_volume":"cil-iii-1873","page_image":"evidence/cil-iii-1873-p61.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 61","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"renewed-phi-iznik13","title":"IK Iznik 13, PHI Greek Inscriptions PH277805","url":"https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/277805","locator":"Heading; Latin lines1–6 and Greek lines7–13","consultation":"Full corpus transcription inspected online. Heading58AD; local EDCS/CIL envelope58–59 retained rather than selecting an unsupported precise date.","consulted":true},{"id":"renewed-weissova-sarikaya","title":"Barbora Weissova, historical-geographical dissertation, Volume1, university repository","url":"https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/fub188/23730/Thesis_Weissova_Volume_1.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=4","locator":"Printed p.257, paragraph before fig.56, notes735–736","consultation":"Publisher/search-index excerpt only; direct retrieval rate-limited and shell download returned HTML. Excerpt reports inscription entirely destroyed and cites French1980p707 for absence in situ. Full thesis and French1980 not directly collated; this condition claim remains qualified.","consulted":false,"access_scope":"indexed exact page excerpt only"},{"id":"renewed-edcs26600085","title":"EDCS-26600085, local2022 snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-26600085","locator":"Publication, text, date, material and latitude/longitude fields","consultation":"Local source record inspected. Its geographic point is rejected as a Sarikaya homonym in central Anatolia; raw source values retained for audit.","consulted":true}],"events":[{"id":"sarikaya-historical-damage","kind":"damage","label":"Erosion, deliberate erasure and later added lettering described in CIL","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Before the description incorporated in CIL 1873; exact sequence undated","source_ids":["renewed-cil-iii346"],"status":"Historical observation reported by CIL, not modern autopsy"},{"id":"sarikaya-reported-loss","kind":"reported-destruction","label":"Later publication reports absence of surviving inscription","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Exact loss date unresolved; reported absent in French 1980 via Weissova","source_ids":["renewed-weissova-sarikaya"],"status":"Qualified indexed-publication report; full source not obtained"}],"region":"Pontus et Bithynia / Türkiye","work_category":"Restoration / rebuilding","alteration_category":"Erosion / erasure / reported loss","evidence_status":"publication_checked_fixed_roadwork_record","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","monument_form":{"kind":"rupestral-roadworks","label":"Rock-cut bilingual roadworks inscription; historical support, survival unresolved"},"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"R1","rationale":"CIL expressly identifies an inscribed rock cut to provide passage for the road, while the bilingual text records restoration and commissioning agency. This is a fixed historical roadwork record rather than a milestone.","source_ids":["renewed-cil-iii346","renewed-phi-iznik13","renewed-weissova-sarikaya"],"anchor_location_ids":["sarikaya-original-roadcut"],"gates":{"original_support_documented":true,"physical_road_relation":true,"roadwork_text_supported":true,"historical_position_distinguished_from_current":true},"gate_sources":{"original_support_documented":["renewed-cil-iii346"],"physical_road_relation":["renewed-cil-iii346"],"roadwork_text_supported":["renewed-cil-iii346","renewed-phi-iznik13"],"historical_position_distinguished_from_current":["renewed-cil-iii346","renewed-weissova-sarikaya"]},"limitations":["R1 is a parallel roadwork-record class; no T1 milestone admission.","Historical fixedness is strong; exact modern geometry and survival are unresolved."],"source_independence":"Nineteenth-century rock observations and corpus text predate Itiner-e. Source genealogy of a specific Itiner-e segment not audited.","temporal_compatibility":"Inscription58–59CE; surviving road fabric not dated.","inference_scope":"Local historical rock-cut passage and road-restoration claim only.","assessment_date":"2026-10-17"},"rejected_catalogue_coordinates":["EDCS-26600085"],"location_audit_notes":["EDCS-26600085 raw[35.376710,39.495338] is a central-Anatolian Sarikaya homonym. CILIII 346 locates this inscription on the southern shore of LakeIznik; original coordinate remains null."],"audit_notes":[]},{"id":"amastris-kuskayasi-aquila-roadworks","label":"Kuşkayası/Amastris: Aquila’s southern bilingual rock-cut roadwork panel","record_kind":"roadworks-inscription","identifiers":["CIL III 6983","ILS 5883","IGR III 83","Marek, Kat. Amastris1c","EDCS-26900107"],"catalogue_ids":[],"date_start":45,"date_end":54,"date_display":"45–54 CE; Claudian corpus envelope, not a single consular year","dating_basis":"Corpus heading 45–54; Claudius honored and prior appointments of Aquila mentioned. The two consuls are part of his career, not a joint eponymous dating formula.","date_phases":[{"id":"kuskayasi-south-panel-phase","label":"Claudian southern roadwork text","start":45,"end":54,"date_display":"45–54 CE; broad corpus dating","source_ids":["renewed-phi-amastris1c","renewed-edcs26900107"],"basis":"Corpus attribution and imperial/career references.","status":"Corpus-supported dating envelope; exact carving year unknown"}],"location_relation":"original-emplacement","location_status":"Panel remains part of a fixed roadside rock complex in published observations. Upper niche text and southern bilingual text are distinct panels; this case is the southern one.","findspot":{"label":"Kuşkayası rock-cut road beside the historic Bartın–Amasra pass, south of Amasra","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"Exact southern-panel survey coordinate not extracted. Official complex centre mapped separately as T5."},"repository":{"label":"Published fixed roadside rock complex; no museum transfer reported","coordinates":null},"locations":[{"id":"kuskayasi-south-original-panel","role":"original-emplacement","label":"Southern bilingual tabula ansata on the road-facing bedrock","coordinates":null,"coordinate_source":null,"accuracy_m":null,"precision_note":"Fixed panel identified relative to sculptural niche in the publication; no inscription-specific survey point admitted.","source_ids":["renewed-wu2025-aquila","renewed-kuskayasi-ministry"],"status":"Published original rock support beside physical road","comparison_eligible":false,"date_display":"Date of location assertion not specified; see source","spatial_evidence":{"tier":"R1","reason":"A published road-facing bedrock panel names roadmaking, and the adjoining cut/paved road is physically described. Separate complex locator preserves coordinate uncertainty.","source_ids":["renewed-wu2025-aquila","renewed-kuskayasi-ministry"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"R1","role_ceiling_applied":false}},{"id":"kuskayasi-official-complex-locator","role":"reported-locality","label":"Kuşkayası monument complex: official map centre, approximate","coordinates":[32.362933,41.718767],"coordinate_source":"https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/turkiye/bartin/gezilecekyer/kuskayasi-yol-aniti","source_locator":"Embedded Yandex ymaps.Map centre, latitude/longitude order reversed for GeoJSON","accuracy_m":400,"precision_note":"Official monument-complex centre;400m editorial display envelope, not measured error or surveyed southern-panel point.","source_ids":["renewed-kuskayasi-ministry"],"status":"Approximate official complex locator","date_display":"Official page inspected17October 2026","comparison_eligible":false,"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T5","reason":"Reported locality or site-complex locator; this is not a surveyed original marker position.","source_ids":["renewed-kuskayasi-ministry"],"comparison_scope":"Context and navigation only; no original-position distance comparison.","object_tier":"R1","role_ceiling_applied":true},"geometry_method":{"kind":"official-monument-complex-map-locator","summary":"Use the Ministry heritage page’s embedded map centre as a separate complex locator. Reverse latitude/longitude to stored longitude/latitude; retain a400m editorial envelope rather than claiming a southern-panel survey.","source_ids":["renewed-kuskayasi-ministry"],"source_map_order":[41.718767,32.362933],"target_crs":"WGS84 web-map coordinate convention; no field accuracy supplied","editorial_radius_m":400}}],"road_action":"Aquila cut the mountain and made the road using his own resources; the following lost noun is disputed and is not silently restored as a resting place or private estate.","road_construction_type":"Published adjacent road includes bedrock cutting, stepped and grooved sections and fitted paving. Their phase relationships are not fixed by the panel’s date.","actors":["Gaius Iulius Aquila — lifetime priest of Divus Augustus and twice praefectus fabrum; named builder/funder.","Claudius — honored emperor; an imperial order or public commission is not asserted by this inscription."],"latin_excerpt":"mon/tem cecidit e[t viam — —]essionem d(e) s(ua) p(ecunia) f(ecit).","translation":"He cut through the mountain and made [the road …] with his own money.","translation_status":"Editorial English rendering, disputed missing text left open.","alterations":["Damage and weathering affect the inscriptions. The upper niche text is not merged with the southern bilingual panel as an identical undamaged witness.","Proposed multiple construction phases and a quarry-access purpose are scholarly hypotheses; no independently dated reuse event is supplied."],"limits":["This is a roadwork record without an attested mileage statement, not a T1 milestone.","Original CILIII 6983 supplement entry not directly collated; CILIII 321 is an earlier partial notice of the monument complex, not a newly collated complete southern text.","Official map centre is an approximate complex locator; original-panel coordinates remain null.","Own-resources wording does not by itself establish legal private ownership of the road.","The two consuls do not date the cutting to a single shared year.","No inference that all surviving road fabric or both panels were made in one phase."],"sources":[{"id":"renewed-wu2025-aquila","title":"Ching-Yuan Wu, Aquila’s Roads: Connecting Paphlagonian Spaces, Gephyra29(2025),63–91","url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4388255","locator":"pp.69–74 and figs.2,6–11 for local road fabric; pp.80–81 fig19 and text; pp.84–86 fig20 for disputed restoration; pp.86–87 contrast with Sarikaya","consultation":"Full publisher PDF downloaded and text inspected; local DOCX also inspected. No new fieldwork or photo geotags extracted. Published interpretations of private status, quarry use and phase sequence remain interpretations.","source_sha256":"a15cb3800746b557263f6815364613892c6ad9e42126933c03412b7e86b74309","consulted":true},{"id":"renewed-kuskayasi-ministry","title":"Türkiye Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Kültür Portalı, Kuşkayası Yol Anıtı – Bartın","url":"https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/turkiye/bartin/gezilecekyer/kuskayasi-yol-aniti","locator":"Descriptive paragraph; embedded Yandex map script center[41.718767,32.362933]","consultation":"Full official page and HTML inspected17October2026. Coordinates are an embedded monument-complex map centre, not a surveyed panel. Simplified office/title claims in tourism prose are not adopted.","consulted":true},{"id":"renewed-phi-amastris1c","title":"Marek, Katalog der Inschriften von Amastris1c, PHI PH265400","url":"https://inscriptions.packhum.org/text/265400?hs=593-602","locator":"Heading45–54AD; Latin A1–5 and Greek B1–7; CILIII6983, ILS5883 concordance","consultation":"Exact indexed corpus excerpt inspected; direct URL fetch unavailable. Text and concordance independently compared with Wu2025p81 and local EDCS record. Original CILIII6983 supplement page not directly collated.","consulted":false,"access_scope":"indexed corpus excerpt only"},{"id":"renewed-edcs26900107","title":"EDCS-26900107, local2022 snapshot, Marek-A1c","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-26900107","locator":"Text, dating45–54, comment attributed to WernerEck, catalogue coordinates","consultation":"Local record inspected. Its Amasra town proxy[32.3866482,41.7489671] is not used for the cliff panel. Comment distinguishes consuls who registered Aquila in different years35/45; this is not a single consular date.","consulted":true},{"id":"amastris-kuskayasi-aquila-roadworks-itinere-metadata-review","title":"Admitted Itiner-e snapshot: local segment bibliography review","url":"https://roman-roads-evidence-20261017.wu9485651.chatgpt.site/data/roads.json","locator":"Source segment IDs 8503,24152,24155; bibliography, author, certainty and route labels; exact snapshot retained","consultation":"Direct local metadata review, not a new reading of the underlying source books or an independent archaeological survey."}],"events":[{"id":"kuskayasi-inscription-weathering","kind":"damage","label":"Weathering and damage of panel texts in published observations","start":null,"end":null,"date_display":"Undated damage; no fabricated sequence","source_ids":["renewed-wu2025-aquila"],"status":"Published condition description"}],"region":"Paphlagonia / Türkiye","work_category":"Rock cutting / road construction","alteration_category":"Weathering / damaged text","evidence_status":"publication_checked_fixed_roadwork_record","inspected_on":"2026-10-17","monument_form":{"kind":"rupestral-roadworks","label":"Bilingual rock-cut roadwork panel; distinct from upper niche inscription"},"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"R1","rationale":"A published road-facing bedrock panel names roadmaking, and the adjoining cut/paved road is physically described. Separate complex locator preserves coordinate uncertainty.","source_ids":["renewed-wu2025-aquila","renewed-kuskayasi-ministry","renewed-phi-amastris1c"],"anchor_location_ids":["kuskayasi-south-original-panel"],"gates":{"original_support_documented":true,"physical_road_relation":true,"roadwork_text_supported":true,"historical_position_distinguished_from_current":true},"gate_sources":{"original_support_documented":["renewed-wu2025-aquila","renewed-kuskayasi-ministry"],"physical_road_relation":["renewed-wu2025-aquila","renewed-kuskayasi-ministry"],"roadwork_text_supported":["renewed-wu2025-aquila","renewed-phi-amastris1c"],"historical_position_distinguished_from_current":["renewed-wu2025-aquila","renewed-kuskayasi-ministry"]},"limitations":["Parallel R1 roadwork class, not milestoneT1.","Exact panel point and road-fabric phase chronology unestablished."],"source_independence":"Local Itiner-e records8503,24152 and24155 cite RRMAM3.4 and TIB9. These underlying works have not been collated for their use of this monument; independence remains unresolved.","temporal_compatibility":"Claudian text45–54CE; road sections may have separate phases.","inference_scope":"Local physical passage and directly attested roadmaking/funding only.","assessment_date":"2026-10-17"},"position_audit_file":"renewed-rupestral.json","audit_notes":[],"source_genealogy_assessment":{"id":"amastris-kuskayasi-aquila-roadworks-source-genealogy-triage","kind":"source-genealogy-metadata-triage","label":"Local route-source metadata checked; independence unresolved","summary":"Local Itiner-e records8503,24152 and24155 cite RRMAM3.4 and TIB9. These underlying works have not been collated for their use of this monument; independence remains unresolved.","status":"Metadata triage with explicit outstanding source collation","source_ids":["amastris-kuskayasi-aquila-roadworks-itinere-metadata-review","renewed-wu2025-aquila"],"candidate_search_bbox_lonlat":[32.35,41.71,32.38,41.73],"search_method":"Include records having at least one source geometry vertex in the stated rectangle. This is a bounded metadata lookup, not a complete spatial intersection or road assignment.","candidate_records":[{"id":8503,"name":"Amastris-Teion","certainty":"Certain","bibliography":"RRMAM 3.4, TIB 9","author":"Adam Pažout"},{"id":24152,"name":"Amastris-Teion","certainty":"Conjectured","bibliography":"RRMAM 3.4, TIB 9","author":"Adam Pažout"},{"id":24155,"name":"Amastris-Teion","certainty":"Conjectured","bibliography":"RRMAM 3.4, TIB 9","author":"Adam Pažout"}],"independence":"possible_dependency_unresolved","geometry_inference":"No numerical point-to-road alignment, change to road geometry, or transfer of modern display coordinates into an ancient road anchor."}},{"id":"sorrento-san-francesco-milestone","label":"Sorrento: Maxentius milestone reused at San Francesco","identifiers":["NotSc 1894, pp. 315–316","Sorrento XXV milestone"],"catalogue_ids":[],"record_kind":"milestone-or-milestone-comparator","region":"Italy / Campania","date_start":307,"date_end":312,"date_display":"307–312 CE, historical attribution / modern label","dating_basis":"Maxentius identified in Sogliano’s restored reading; modern label supplies 307–312 CE. No calendar year is inscribed, and this interval is not a roadwork date.","date_phases":[{"id":"sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-phase1","label":"Maxentius inscription","start":307,"end":312,"date_display":"307–312 CE","basis":"Historical attribution / supplied modern label; no inscribed calendar date.","status":"Source-attributed broad interval; no exact construction year","source_ids":["sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-nsa1894","sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-photo"]}],"location_relation":"secondary-findspot","location_status":"Documented architectural reuse; original road station unknown","findspot":{"label":"San Francesco cloister, Sorrento: secondary-use context reported in 1894","coordinates":null,"accuracy_m":null,"accuracy_note":"No surveyed recovery or original-position coordinates admitted."},"repository":{"label":"Sorrento display in supplied photograph; institution unconfirmed","coordinates":null,"accession":null,"custody_status":"Present display documented by supplied photograph; institution and transfer history not independently established."},"road_action":"Imperial titulature and XXV mileage; no explicit roadwork verb","road_construction_type":"Not established by the surviving inscription; the 1894 repair interpretation remains historical inference.","actors":["Maxentius (editorially restored imperial name; no explicitly named construction role)"],"latin_excerpt":"XXV\nIMP [caes.]\nM AVR [val. m]\nAXEN[tio]\nPIO [felici]\nINV[icto]\nA[ugusto]","translation":"25. To Emperor [Caesar], Marcus Aurelius [Valerius M]axen[tius], pious, [fortunate], uncon[quered], A[ugustus].","translation_status":"Editorial English rendering. Square brackets mark letters supplied in Sogliano’s italic completions, not newly recovered letters; abbreviations remain unexpanded in the Latin display.","alterations":["Architectural reuse in the same San Francesco cloister predates the 1894 report; Sogliano then describes the column lying in the cloister garden for several years. No exact reuse or removal year is known.","Sogliano reports substantial surface corrosion. No new recutting, pigment or conservation treatment is inferred."],"limits":["Mileage origin remains unresolved: Sogliano 1894 argues for Neapolis; the photographed modern label says Nuceria. Neither name occurs in the published short inscription. Do not choose a caput or reconstruct a route from this disagreement.","XXV / 25 is attested; the Roman-mile unit is contextual. It does not locate a surveyed original station.","The Maxentius attribution and 307–312 CE interval are historical/label dating, not a written calendar year or a dated construction event.","The text contains no surviving road-building or repair verb. Sogliano’s repair interpretation is distinguished from the inscription.","No exact imported EDCS identity was found after checking the 8,483-record catalogue, relevant localities, Campanian records and Maxentius texts. No CIL or EDCS identifier is invented.","The current display institution and inventory are unconfirmed. The photograph does not establish a continuous custody chain or a complete conservation/original-versus-copy history.","All original 47 dossiers and 8,483 catalogue entries are preserved. This is one separately sourced native dossier addition."],"audit_notes":["Published transcription is an editorial rendering of Sogliano’s 1894 reading, not a fresh diplomatic reading from the photograph.","The modern label’s Nuceria origin is retained as a separate claim, without silently correcting or adopting the 1894 Neapolis interpretation."],"work_category":"No explicit roadwork claim","alteration_category":"Architectural reuse","sources":[{"id":"sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-nsa1894","title":"A. Sogliano 1894 · Sorrento milestone","url":"https://archive.org/details/notiziedegliscav1894accauoft/page/315/mode/1up","locator":"Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità (1894), pp. 315–316: IX. SORRENTO — Di un’antica colonna milliaria; transcription and reuse on p. 315","type":"Primary publication inspected","consultation":"Scanned printed p. 315 inspected; continuation p. 316 also inspected as a scanned page by the research audit. Surviving capitals and italic editorial completions remain distinct. Sogliano interprets Neapolis as mileage origin and road repair historically; neither origin nor a repair verb is inscribed in the short text."},{"id":"sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-journal1990","title":"Epigraphica LII (1990) · Maxentius milestone repertory","url":"https://www.epigraphica.it/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/1990-epigrafhica-lII-1990.pdf","locator":"Maxentius milestone list: via Napoli–Sorrento, NotSc 1894 p. 315. The nearby dating argument concerns the Sora stone, not a fresh autopsy of Sorrento.","type":"Indexed scholarly repertory excerpt inspected","consultation":"Indexed excerpt inspected; full journal scan not consulted. Used only to corroborate the Sorrento / NotSc 1894 bibliographic lead. No CIL or EDCS number, mile value or Sora-specific argument transferred to this object."},{"id":"sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-photo","title":"Supplied Sorrento display photograph and modern label","url":"https://magalia.wiki/roman-roads/media/sorrento-milestone-display.jpg","locator":"Full supplied frame: column and bilingual modern label; no museum inventory legible","type":"Contributor-supplied photograph","consultation":"Photograph and bounded private label enlargement inspected. Label says XXV / 25th mile from Nocera/Nuceria, 307–312 CE, and reuse in San Francesco cloister. The label is modern interpretation. Photographer, capture date and institution identity are unconfirmed. Canonical image path belongs to this prepared release and becomes public only on deployment."}],"inspected_on":"2026-10-20","monument_form":{"kind":"freestanding-column","label":"Portable column milestone; later architectural reuse"},"locations":[{"id":"sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-reuse","role":"secondary-findspot","label":"San Francesco cloister, Sorrento","coordinates":null,"accuracy_m":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"Specific published reuse context, without admitted coordinates. Original roadside station is unknown.","date_display":"Reuse before the 1894 report; exact action dates unknown","status":"Architectural reuse reported by Sogliano; subsequently lying in the garden","comparison_eligible":false,"source_ids":["sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-nsa1894"],"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","reason":"Published recovery from prior architectural reuse in San Francesco cloister; original roadside station and physical road relationship unproved.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":false,"source_ids":["sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-nsa1894"],"comparison_scope":"Secondary context only; no road-position comparison."}},{"id":"sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-display","role":"repository","label":"Modern display at Sorrento; institution unconfirmed","coordinates":null,"accuracy_m":null,"coordinate_source":null,"precision_note":"Photographic display context; no institution or camera coordinate used as ancient evidence.","date_display":"Photograph date unconfirmed","status":"Supplied image documents a display, not original emplacement or full custody history","comparison_eligible":false,"source_ids":["sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-photo"],"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T6","reason":"Modern display context cannot locate the ancient marker station.","object_tier":"T4","role_ceiling_applied":true,"source_ids":["sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-photo"],"comparison_scope":"Custody/display context only; no road comparison."}}],"events":[{"id":"sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-reuse-event","kind":"reuse","start":null,"end":null,"label":"Architectural use in San Francesco cloister","date_display":"Before the 1894 report; exact year unknown","status":"Reported historical reuse; no year or continuous interval invented","source_ids":["sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-nsa1894"]},{"id":"sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-garden-event","kind":"recovery","start":null,"end":null,"label":"Lying in the cloister garden for several years when reported in 1894","date_display":"State described in 1894; removal date unknown","status":"Publication observation; 1894 is not assigned as the discovery or reuse year","source_ids":["sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-nsa1894"]},{"id":"sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-display-event","kind":"custody","start":null,"end":null,"label":"Current display documented in supplied photograph","date_display":"Capture date and transfer history unconfirmed","status":"No exact museum, transfer date or continuous custody inferred","source_ids":["sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-photo"]}],"spatial_evidence":{"tier":"T4","label":"Specific secondary-use context; original station unproved","rationale":"Published recovery from prior architectural reuse in San Francesco cloister; original roadside station and physical road relationship unproved.","source_ids":["sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-nsa1894","sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-photo"],"exact_locators":"NotSc 1894 p. 315; modern label in supplied frame","source_refs":[{"id":"sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-nsa1894","url":"https://archive.org/details/notiziedegliscav1894accauoft/page/315/mode/1up","locator":"p. 315: cloister reuse and garden observation"},{"id":"sorrento-san-francesco-milestone-photo","url":"https://magalia.wiki/roman-roads/media/sorrento-milestone-display.jpg","locator":"Supplied display and modern label"}],"nature_form":"Portable cipollino column, as described in 1894; physical continuity of original roadside position not established","road_association_status":"Published route interpretations conflict over measuring origin; no physical primary setting admitted","pending_requirements":["Identify present repository and inventory.","Resolve Neapolis/Nuceria origin interpretations through later specialist evidence.","Recover primary road-station documentation and independently sourced coordinates."],"reviewed_on":"2026-10-20","assessment_date":"2026-10-20","anchor_location_ids":[],"coordinate_use":"No admitted coordinates; dossier-only record.","selected_itinere_relationship":{"status":"unassessed","segment_ids":[],"chronology_compatibility":"unassessed","source_independence":"unassessed"},"context_flags":{"documented_secondary_architectural_or_cross_reuse":true,"documented_epigraphic_reuse":false,"modern_displacement_documented":false,"geographical_displacement_implied_by_river_or_field_find_alone":false},"limitations":["Mileage origin remains unresolved: Sogliano 1894 argues for Neapolis; the photographed modern label says Nuceria. Neither name occurs in the published short inscription. Do not choose a caput or reconstruct a route from this disagreement.","XXV / 25 is attested; the Roman-mile unit is contextual. It does not locate a surveyed original station.","The Maxentius attribution and 307–312 CE interval are historical/label dating, not a written calendar year or a dated construction event.","The text contains no surviving road-building or repair verb. Sogliano’s repair interpretation is distinguished from the inscription."],"source_independence":"Not assessed for individual Itiner-e sources.","temporal_compatibility":"Inscription date and any road phase remain separate.","inference_scope":"Secondary context and published inscription only; no route validation."}}]