{"assessment_date":"2026-10-17","admitted":[{"id":"taucheira-fs12-primary-socket","label":"Taucheira FS 12: inscribed shaft beside its original milestone socket","tier":"T2a","assessment_tier":"T2","date_display":"Roman; inscription date unresolved in the inspected report","rationale":"The field report expressly identifies the original socket, adjacent fallen inscribed shaft and physical Roman road; this is a documented primary station.","original_position_mapped":true},{"id":"catez-iljug-1176-primary-setting","label":"Čatež ob Savi: Antoninus Pius milestone with documented ancient seating","tier":"T2a","assessment_tier":"T2","date_display":"139–141 CE; fragmentary tribunician numeral interpreted as II–IIII","rationale":"The investigator documented the ancient milestone seating in the highway-cut exposure beside the Roman road; later review explicitly confirms that seating. Modern blasting fragmented the milestone; no pre-blasting observation is claimed.","original_position_mapped":true},{"id":"el-qusayyibe-east-imc293","label":"El-Qusayyibe East: IMC 293 beside the surveyed Roman road","tier":"T2b","assessment_tier":"T2","date_display":"Roman attribution; individual milestone undated and anepigraphic","rationale":"A full field study and labelled plan/photo establish this specifically numbered stone beside the physical Roman road and tower. Original installation in an excavated socket is unproved.","original_position_mapped":false},{"id":"cyrene-c537-claudius-mile1","label":"Cyrene C.537: Claudius road restoration and first-mile marker","tier":"T3","assessment_tier":"T3","date_display":"44–47 CE conservative bounds; corpus headline 45–46 CE, commentary preserves alternatives","rationale":"The full corpus provides a specific roadside-region findspot and first-mile road assignment, but the original-platform chain was not collated against the full 1950 report; primary installation is not assumed from re-erection.","original_position_mapped":false},{"id":"rib-2308-smiths-shield","label":"Smith’s Shield: surviving primary Stanegate milestone base","tier":"T2a","assessment_tier":"T2","date_display":"Secondary inscription: fourth century CE in RIB; primary inscription date unknown","rationale":"The RIB corpus explicitly reports the original base still in position beside the Stanegate; the official archaeological narrative identifies the local Roman road and the surviving milestone stump. Later displacement is confined to upper shaft fragments. Admission is based on a documented surviving primary base, not a newly claimed excavated socket.","original_position_mapped":true}],"withheld":[{"id":"bet-netofa-eshkol-station","label":"Bet Neṭofa/Eshkol three inscribed milestones and bases","decision":"Withheld from T2aagain; full 2018 excavation and epigraphy unavailable","finding":"Collate original base-to-shaft relations. Preliminary 2014 report calls the Constantinian text Greek; final 2018 abstracts call all three Latin, so language is not silently harmonized.","next_evidence":"Collate original base-to-shaft relations. Preliminary 2014 report calls the Constantinian text Greek; final 2018 abstracts call all three Latin, so language is not silently harmonized.","chronology":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://hadashot.iaa.org.il/Report_Detail_Eng.aspx?id=11631&mag_id=121","locator":"Full 2014 excavatorreport,Milestone Station","consultation":"Re-read in full","id":"bet-netofa-eshkol-station-s1","title":"https://hadashot.iaa.org.il/Report_Detail_Eng.aspx?id=11631&mag_id=121"},{"url":"https://publications.iaa.org.il/atiqot/vol93/iss1/4/","locator":"Tepper 2018 abstract;full textdownload 403","consultation":"Abstract only; fullpaper not obtained","id":"bet-netofa-eshkol-station-s2","title":"https://publications.iaa.org.il/atiqot/vol93/iss1/4/"},{"url":"https://publications.iaa.org.il/atiqot/vol93/iss1/5/","locator":"Isaac 2018 abstract;full textdownload 403;JSTOR 26563137 download 420","consultation":"Abstract only; publicationyear 2018 confirmed by Tel Aviv University record","id":"bet-netofa-eshkol-station-s3","title":"https://publications.iaa.org.il/atiqot/vol93/iss1/5/"}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-renewed-east.json"},{"id":"rantis-reused-milestones","label":"Rantis Northwest milestone shafts and pedestals","decision":"Not T2a: explicitly secondary incorporation in road","finding":"Retain as a road-spolia control if separately expanding reuse evidence; pedestals are not proof of primary installation here.","next_evidence":"Retain as a road-spolia control if separately expanding reuse evidence; pedestals are not proof of primary installation here.","chronology":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://hadashot.iaa.org.il/Report_Detail_Eng.aspx?id=1826","locator":"Elisha2011, road finds,Table1,figs5–7","consultation":"Excavator report inspected","id":"rantis-reused-milestones-s1","title":"https://hadashot.iaa.org.il/Report_Detail_Eng.aspx?id=1826"}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-east.json"},{"id":"horbat-mishkena-moved-stone","label":"Ḥorbat Mishkena uninscribed milestone","decision":"Not T2a: report expressly says in-situ status cannot be established and suggests earthmoving","finding":"Use the explicit displacement discussion to avoid upgrading a near-road bank find.","next_evidence":"Use the explicit displacement discussion to avoid upgrading a near-road bank find.","chronology":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://hadashot.iaa.org.il/Report_Detail_Eng.aspx?id=26241","locator":"Tepper2022,The Milestone and Discussion","consultation":"Full report passage inspected","id":"horbat-mishkena-moved-stone-s1","title":"https://hadashot.iaa.org.il/Report_Detail_Eng.aspx?id=26241"}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-east.json"},{"id":"legio-scythopolis-mile-v3-v4","label":"Legio–Scythopolis V 3 and V 4","decision":"Retain withheld: in-situ statement conflicts with explicit secondary dressing","finding":"Resolve whether original station remained known through later reuse; neither bareinsitu nor two-sided chiselling alone supplies the needed sequence.","next_evidence":"Resolve whether original station remained known through later reuse; neither bareinsitu nor two-sided chiselling alone supplies the needed sequence.","chronology":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://milestones.kinneret.ac.il/en/info-about-milestones/north/","locator":"Isaac–Roll 1982 p.57,Mile V,V 3 and V 4","consultation":"Full local catalogue passage re-read","id":"legio-scythopolis-mile-v3-v4-s1","title":"https://milestones.kinneret.ac.il/en/info-about-milestones/north/"}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-renewed-east.json"},{"id":"golan-other-qusayyibe-milestones","label":"El-Qusayyibe East IMC408,409 and 415; easterntower IMC 417–419,423","decision":"Distinct catalogued objects, held as leads; do not inflate IMC293 casecount","finding":"Add individual dossiers only after separate identity and condition review. All remain undated without inscription evidence.","next_evidence":"Add individual dossiers only after separate identity and condition review. All remain undated without inscription evidence.","chronology":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/432768664/Between_Gaulanitis_and_Hippos_The_Roman_Road_in_the_Southern_Golan_Heights_in_Context.pdf","locator":"p.101 Milestones;fig.4 p.102;footnote 2 p.96","consultation":"Relevantfull text andfig 4 inspected","id":"golan-other-qusayyibe-milestones-s1","title":"https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/432768664/Between_Gaulanitis_and_Hippos_The_Roman_Road_in_the_Southern_Golan_Heights_in_Context.pdf"},{"url":"https://milestones.kinneret.ac.il/en/info-about-milestones/north/","locator":"Golan Heights–Lawieh ridge rows","consultation":"Full catalogue rows read","id":"golan-other-qusayyibe-milestones-s2","title":"https://milestones.kinneret.ac.il/en/info-about-milestones/north/"}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-renewed-east.json"},{"id":"bet-hananya-submerged-road-hypothesis","label":"BetḤananya milestone below Canal B arch","decision":"Usefulcounterexample: publication arguesinsitu but associatedroadsegment postulated/submerged","finding":"Inspectfull Ecker,Tepperand Karasik 2023 pp.129–148;do not convert a well-locatedcolumn into an independently observedroadpair.","next_evidence":"Inspectfull Ecker,Tepperand Karasik 2023 pp.129–148;do not convert a well-locatedcolumn into an independently observedroadpair.","chronology":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://publications.iaa.org.il/atiqot/vol110/iss1/11/","locator":"Officialabstract","consultation":"Abstractonly;no full publisher PDF obtained","id":"bet-hananya-submerged-road-hypothesis-s1","title":"https://publications.iaa.org.il/atiqot/vol110/iss1/11/"}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-renewed-east.json"},{"id":"migdal-imc847-secondary-custody","label":"Migdal IMC 847 and IMC 694","decision":"Full 2024 studyconfirms farmerreportedfinds then courtyardcustody; notprimary socket proof","finding":"If admittedlater, preserve second-handfindlocality andcourtyardlocation separately; Hadrian 120 and Tiberiascaput are publishedinterpretations,not newly excavatedalignment.","next_evidence":"If admittedlater, preserve second-handfindlocality andcourtyardlocation separately; Hadrian 120 and Tiberiascaput are publishedinterpretations,not newly excavatedalignment.","chronology":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://milestones.kinneret.ac.il/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/The-Fifth-Milestation-from-Tiberias-A-Newly-Discovered-Milestone-in-the-Gennesaret-Valley-Illumines-the-Roman-Arterial-Network.pdf","locator":"pp.1,5–9","consultation":"Full article text read","id":"migdal-imc847-secondary-custody-s1","title":"https://milestones.kinneret.ac.il/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/The-Fifth-Milestation-from-Tiberias-A-Newly-Discovered-Milestone-in-the-Gennesaret-Valley-Illumines-the-Roman-Arterial-Network.pdf"}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-renewed-east.json"},{"id":"paiva-cil-ii-6211-function-control","label":"Paiva–Douro / Oiteiro do Castello de Paiva: CIL II 6211","decision":"Withhold from T1; mileage function disputed and bedrock continuity not established by the CIL description.","finding":"Imperial dedication without preserved mileage. CIL places it among road inscriptions; Alarcao instead favours an honorific interpretation.","next_evidence":"Renewed functional assessment, original correspondence/observation and actual road context; no promotion from corpus chapter placement.","chronology":"Hadrian named; no precise year admitted.","sources":[{"id":"cil-ii-6211-1892-rupestral-audit","title":"Emil Hübner, CIL II Supplementum (1892), no.6211","url":"https://cil-old.bbaw.de/cil_en/dateien/cil_baende.html","locator":"printed p.993, right column, no.6211","consultation":"Local scan extracted and page image directly inspected. Intro and preserved text checked.","page_image":"evidence/cil-ii-suppl-1892-p993.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 993","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"alarcao-2005-paiva-recheck","title":"Jorge de Alarcão, O território dos Paesvri e as suas principais povoações, Conimbriga 44 (2005), 147–171","url":"https://ap1.sib.uc.pt/bitstream/10316.2/37810/1/o_territorio_dos_paesvri_e_as_suas_principais_povoacoes.pdf","locator":"printed p.160, paragraph beginning Na margem do rio Paiva","consultation":"Full scholarly article text inspected, relevant paragraph checked directly.","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-rupestral.json"},{"id":"gospodjin-vir-cil-iii-13813d-function-control","label":"Gospodjin Vir: CIL III 13813d = 13813a = ILS 9373","decision":"Withhold from strict T1; use as an audited road-repair inscription lead, not an admitted mileage marker.","finding":"Road-repair claim: i[t]er Scor/fularum vetu[s]tate [e]t / incursu Danuvi c[or]/ruptum. No mileage quantity in the inspected catalogue text.","next_evidence":"Collate CIL III Supplementum entry and Vulić’s original photographs; establish present/original support history. A repair record is valuable without being a mileage marker.","chronology":"92–93 CE in the catalogue/corpus discussion and Benea 2011; do not copy Andreu’s passing 84 CE attribution.","sources":[{"id":"gospodjin-edcs-29601704-audit","title":"EDCS-29601704, local 2022 snapshot","url":"https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php?s_sprache=en&edcs_nr=EDCS-29601704","locator":"Publication concordance, material, inscription, dating and inscr_type fields","consultation":"Local record inspected; tituli operum and tituli sacri, material rupes. Catalogue-level transcription, not fresh stone autopsy or CIL page collation."},{"id":"benea-2011-gospodjin","title":"Doina Benea, Cu privire la relaţiile militare interprovinciale dintre Dacia şi Moesia Superior în secolele II–III p.Chr., BHAUT XIII (2011), 7–26","url":"https://csiatim.uvt.ro/NOU/BHAUT/ro/pdf/2011_art01.pdf","locator":"printed p.8, opening paragraph and n.2","consultation":"Full scholarly article text inspected; local rock-cut road repairs and 92–93 dating checked.","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"gospodjin-ku-commentary","title":"Eichstätt Tabula Peutingeriana research database, Adscrofulas, ID795","url":"https://www1.ku.de/ggf/ag/tabula_peutingeriana/trefferanzeige_en.php?id=795","locator":"Miller col.501 and RE Suppl.VI col.1434 commentary","consultation":"University research database inspected; derived historical commentary, not new excavation."},{"id":"gospodjin-vulic-notice","title":"Epigraphica V–VI (1943–1944), bibliographic notice1997 on N. Vulić, Kaiserinschriften an der serbischen Donau, Klio35 (1942/1943), 177–179","url":"https://www.epigraphica.it/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/1943-44-pigraphicaanno-v-vi-fasc1-4.pdf","locator":"Printed p.144, notice1997","consultation":"Indexed bibliographic notice text inspected; Vulić article and its photographs were not directly obtained."}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-rupestral.json"},{"id":"sarikaya-cil-iii-346-function-control","label":"Sarikaya: CIL III 346 = IK Iznik 13 = EDCS-26600085","decision":"Withhold from strict T1: rock-cut roadworks inscription, no supported mileage-marker function.","finding":null,"next_evidence":"Retain as a separate roadworks-inscription comparator if that layer is authorised; do not upgrade its unverified EDCS homonym coordinate.","chronology":"58–59 CE in CIL/local catalogue; PHI’s heading gives58. Preserve dating scope rather than a more precise unverified interval.","sources":[{"id":"cil-iii-346-1873-rupestral-audit","title":"Theodor Mommsen, CIL III.1 (1873), no.346","url":"https://cil-old.bbaw.de/cil_en/dateien/cil_baende.html","locator":"printed p.61, VII Viarum publicarum Ponti et Bithyniae tituli, no.346","consultation":"Full local volume extracted; exact entry introduction, bilingual text and notes directly read in extraction. No page image autopsy claimed.","page_image":"evidence/cil-iii-1873-p61.png","page_image_note":"Public-domain nineteenth-century edition; selected page rendered for source inspection; printed p. 61","locator_status":"Published page locator supplied in the recorded citation; verification and reuse limits remain separate."},{"id":"ik-iznik13-phi-audit","title":"IK Iznik13, PHI277805","url":"https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/277805","locator":"Heading and Latin lines1–6, Greek lines7–13","consultation":"Corpus text inspected directly online; no mileage expression found."}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-rupestral.json"},{"id":"codley-gate-original-position-conflict","label":"Codley Gate / Vindolanda eastern uninscribed milestone","decision":"Withhold T2a pending source-history adjudication; do not equate recent original-position label with resolved provenance.","finding":"County HER preserves an explicit not-in-situ assessment citing Horsley’s earlier recumbent position beside the rivulet, whereas later official narratives call it original. These are conflicting source assertions; no socket excavation was inspected.","next_evidence":"Inspect Horsley’s observation, monument guardianship/re-erection history and full Birley 2017 discussion.","chronology":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1014820","locator":"NHLE Details, eastern milestone paragraph","consultation":"Inspection scope and access limitations recorded in primary-expansion-west.json","id":"codley-gate-original-position-conflict-s1","title":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1014820"},{"url":"https://keystothepast.info/search-records/results-of-search/results-of-search-2/site-details/?PRN=N6576","locator":"County HER N6576, source statement (2–4) versus (6)","consultation":"Inspection scope and access limitations recorded in primary-expansion-west.json","id":"codley-gate-original-position-conflict-s2","title":"https://keystothepast.info/search-records/results-of-search/results-of-search-2/site-details/?PRN=N6576"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X16000532","locator":"Birley 2017 publisher abstract only","consultation":"Inspection scope and access limitations recorded in primary-expansion-west.json","id":"codley-gate-original-position-conflict-s3","title":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X16000532"}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-west.json"},{"id":"scaurus-volta-di-rote","label":"M. Aemilius Scaurus, Volta di Rote: CIL I² 2937c = AE 1986, 232","decision":"Research lead only; original physical road context and installation insufficiently demonstrated for T2a.","finding":"2019 chapter reports survey discovery in 1983 and later calls it in situ; university topographic entry says no other road remains were found. The consulship of 115 BCE and proposed censorship/construction in 109 BCE remain distinct chronological arguments.","next_evidence":"Inspect full Fentress 1984/1985 discovery report, exact original context and CIL I² 2937c; no original socket inferred from the words in situ alone.","chronology":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110638332-019","locator":"Buonopane–Gabrielli 2019 pp. 383, 388; n. 29","consultation":"Inspection scope and access limitations recorded in primary-expansion-west.json","id":"scaurus-volta-di-rote-s1","title":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110638332-019"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068246200008734","locator":"Fentress 1984, PBSR 52, pp. 72–76; publisher abstract only","consultation":"Inspection scope and access limitations recorded in primary-expansion-west.json","id":"scaurus-volta-di-rote-s2","title":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068246200008734"},{"url":"https://www1.ku.de/ggf/ag/tabula_peutingeriana/trefferanzeige_druck.php?id=129","locator":"University Peutinger research entry Albinia no. 129, paragraph Volta di Rote","consultation":"Inspection scope and access limitations recorded in primary-expansion-west.json","id":"scaurus-volta-di-rote-s3","title":"https://www1.ku.de/ggf/ag/tabula_peutingeriana/trefferanzeige_druck.php?id=129"}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-west.json"},{"id":"sangusin-milla142","label":"Río Sangusín, mile CXLII, Trajan milestone","decision":"Withhold T2a; possible original position, subsequent removals and modern replacement explicitly qualified.","finding":"Official publication says first known setting possibly in situ, documents removal to Madrid in 1962 and return in 2006 about 20 m south on opposite bank. The present roadside position cannot stand for a demonstrated original installation.","next_evidence":"CIL identity, primary-installation archaeology and historical exact station require confirmation.","chronology":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.jcyl.es/jcyl/patrimoniocultural/miliarios/assets/23_r%C3%ADo-sangus%C3%ADn.pdf","locator":"Official heritage sheet Miliario 23, Tramo de calzada, Localizaciones anteriores, Traslado e instalación en la calzada","consultation":"Inspection scope and access limitations recorded in primary-expansion-west.json","id":"sangusin-milla142-s1","title":"https://www.jcyl.es/jcyl/patrimoniocultural/miliarios/assets/23_r%C3%ADo-sangus%C3%ADn.pdf"}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-west.json"},{"id":"temple-sowerby-uninscribed","label":"Temple Sowerby uninscribed milestone, NHLE 1007122","decision":"Withhold T2a; original site described as thought/apparently, without inspected original installation evidence.","finding":"The sources report a standing uninscribed pillar and old original-position claim, but the scheduling wording is thought to stand in original position. No socket excavation is established.","next_evidence":"Inspect primary original-setting evidence; no upgrade from upright morphology alone.","chronology":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=19191&uid=13558","locator":"Historic England Research Record 13558","consultation":"Inspection scope and access limitations recorded in primary-expansion-west.json","id":"temple-sowerby-uninscribed-s1","title":"https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?resourceID=19191&uid=13558"},{"url":"https://www.milestonesociety.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/MW5-2012-web-version.pdf","locator":"Milestones & Waymarkers 5 (2012), caption Temple Sowerby","consultation":"Inspection scope and access limitations recorded in primary-expansion-west.json","id":"temple-sowerby-uninscribed-s2","title":"https://www.milestonesociety.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/MW5-2012-web-version.pdf"}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-west.json"},{"id":"stinsford-moved-and-function-uncertain","label":"Stinsford Hill putative Roman milestone","decision":"Exclude from primary roadside expansion; Roman date/function unresolved and multiple relocations recorded.","finding":"Excavation report says date/function unclear and records third movement at construction of bypass; replacement on projected road centre line is modern interpretation, not primary emplacement.","next_evidence":"Establish Roman milestone function before any alignment admission.","chronology":null,"sources":[{"url":"https://wessexarchaeologylibrary.org/plugins/books/69/format/64/","locator":"Excavations Along the Route of the Dorchester By-pass, Site 1, Period 4 Romano-British, paragraph on Roman Milestone; fig. 10","consultation":"Inspection scope and access limitations recorded in primary-expansion-west.json","id":"stinsford-moved-and-function-uncertain-s1","title":"https://wessexarchaeologylibrary.org/plugins/books/69/format/64/"}],"research_file":"primary-expansion-west.json"}],"t1_result":"No additional strict T1 milestone admitted in this bounded search. Rock-cut roadworks are reviewed in a separate R1 record class; disputed functions remain outside strict milestone admissions.","donnas_update":"Donnas remains a fixed local passage marker. Schneider 2007 questions the visible ruts’ contemporaneity and infers a higher original road level; this does not date the numeral XXXVI.","coordinate_policy":"Published primary context and GIS precision remain separate. Reviewed approximate original-setting areas now have explicit derivation methods and visible editorial search envelopes; they are not field GPS measurements and remain excluded from point-distance tests."}