Honours for the Samians, 405/4 and 403/2 BC

405/4 BC (decree 1), 403/2 BC (decrees 2-3) · Stele · Acropolis (Acropolis Museum 1333)

AIO 796 IG I³ 127 (decree 1) IG II² 1 (decrees 2-3) OR 191 (decree 1) RO 2 (decrees 2-3) ML 94 (decree 1) PHI 130 Acropolis Museum 1333 identity verified · 身份已核实
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Greek text, translation and notes are reproduced from Attic Inscriptions Online, AIO 796 — translation by Stephen Lambert, P. J. Rhodes — under CC BY-SA 3.0, and this page is issued under the same licence. The scholarly matter is AIO's and is left in its own words; the headings below are labelled in both languages, and nothing has been translated into Chinese here, because a machine rendering of an editor's commentary would misrepresent it.
希腊文、译文与注释均据 Attic Inscriptions Online AIO 796（译者 Stephen Lambert, P. J. Rhodes）转录，依 CC BY-SA 3.0 授权，本页同依此授权发布。 学术内容悉仍其旧，不加移译；下列标题双语并出，而注释未译为中文，盖机器移译校注者之辞，必失其真。

Text · 文本 （希腊文，逐行，附莱顿符号）

Κηφισοφῶν Παιανιεὺς vac. ἐγραμμάτευε (403/2). vac. Σαμίοις ὅσοι μετὰ το͂ δήμο το͂ Ἀθηναί- ων ἐγένοντο. vac. 5ἔδοξεν τῆι βολῆι καὶ τῶι δήμωι· Κεκροπὶς ἐπρυτάνευε· Πόλυμνις Εὐωνυμεὺς ἐγραμμάτευε· Ἀλεξίας ἦρχε (405/4)· Νικοφῶν Ἀθμονεὺς ἐπεστάτει· γνώμη Κλεσόφο καὶ συνπρυτάνεων· ἐπαινέσαι τοῖς πρέσβεσι τοῖς Σαμίοις τοῖς τε προτέρο- ις ἥκοσι καὶ τοῖς νῦν καὶ τῆι βολῆι καὶ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις Σαμίοις ὅτι ἐσὶν ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ καὶ πρόθυμοι ποιε͂ν ὅτι δύνανται ἀγαθόν, 10καὶ τὰ πεπραγμένα αὐτοῖς ὅτι δοκο͂σιν ὀρθῶς ποιῆσαι Ἀθηναίοις καὶ Σαμί- οις· καὶ ἀντὶ ὧν εὖ πεποιήκασιν Ἀθηναίος καὶ νῦν περὶ πολλο͂ ποιο͂νται καὶ ἐσηγο͂νται ἀγαθά· δεδόχθαι τῆι βολῆι καὶ τῶι δήμωι, Σαμίος Ἀθηναίος ἐ͂ναι, πολιτευομένος ὅπως ἂν αὐτοὶ βόλωνται· καὶ ὅπως ταῦτα ἔσται ὡς ἐπιτηδειό- τατα ἀμφοτέροις, καθάπερ αὐτοὶ λέγοσιν, ἐπειδὰν ἐρήνη γένηται, τότε περὶ 15τῶν ἄλλων κοινῆι βολεύεσθαι. τοῖς δὲ νόμοις χρῆσθαι τοῖς σφετέροις αὐτῶν αὐτονόμος ὄντας, καὶ τἆλλα ποιε͂ν κατὰ τὸς ὅρκος καὶ τὰς συνθήκας καθάπερ ξύνκειται Ἀθηναίοις καὶ Σαμίοις· καὶ περὶ τῶν ἐνκλημάτων ἃ ἂγ γίγνηται πρὸς ἀλλήλος διδόναι καὶ δέχεσθαι τὰς δίκας κατὰ τὰς συμβολὰς τὰς ὄσας. [ἐ]ὰν δέ τι ἀναγκαῖογ γίγνηται διὰ τὸν πόλεμον καὶ πρότερον περὶ τῆς πολι- 20[τ]είας, ὥσπερ αὐτοὶ λέγοσιν οἱ πρέσβες, πρὸς τὰ παρόντα βολευομένος ποιε͂ν [ἧ]ι ἂν δοκῆι βέλτιστον ἐ͂ναι. περὶ δὲ τῆς ἐρήνης, ἐὰγ γίγνηται, ἐ͂ναι κατὰ ταὐτὰ [κ]αθάπερ Ἀθηναίοις, καὶ τοῖς νῦν οἰκο͂σιν Σάμον· ἐὰν δὲ πολεμε͂ν δέηι, παρασκ- [ε]υάζεσθαι αὐτὸς ὡς ἂν δύνωνται ἄριστα πράττοντας μετὰ τῶν στρατηγῶν. [ἐὰ]ν δὲ πρεσβείαν ποι πέμπωσιν Ἀθηναῖοι, συμπέμπεν καὶ τὸς ἐξάμο παρόντας, 25[ἐάν] τινα βόλωνται, καὶ συνβολεύεν ὅτι ἂν ἔχωσιν ἀγαθόν. ταῖς δὲ τριήρεσι [ταῖς] ὄσαις ἐς Σάμωι χρῆσθαι αὐτοῖς δο͂ναι ἐπισκευασαμένοις καθ’ ὅτι ἂν αὐ- [τοῖς δ]οκῆι· τὰ δὲ ὀνόματα τῶν τριηράρχων, ὧν ἦσαν αὗται αἱ νῆες, ἀπογράψαι [τὸς πρέσ]β̣ες τῶι γραμματεῖ τῆς βολῆς καὶ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς, καὶ τούτων εἴ πο- [θέν τί ἐστιν ἀ]ναγεγραμμένον ἐν τῶι δημοσίωι ὡς παρεληφότων τὰς τριήρες, 30[ἅπαντα ἐξαλειψά]ντων οἱ νεωροὶ ἁπανταχόθεν, τὰ δὲ σκεύη τῶι δημοσίωι ἐσ- [πραξάντων ὡς τάχιστα κα]ὶ ἐπαναγκασάντων ἀποδο͂ναι τὸς ἔχοντας τούτων [τι ἐντελῆ. γνώμη Κλεσόφο καὶ] συνπρυτάνεων· τὰ μὲν ἄλλα καθάπερ τῆι βολῆι, [κυρίαν δὲ ἐ͂ναι δὲ τὴν δωρειὰν τοῖς ἥ]κοσιν, καθάπερ αὐτοὶ αἰτο͂νται, καὶ νε͂μαι [αὐτὸς αὐτίκα μάλα τὸς ἄρχοντας ἐς τ]ὰς φυλὰς δέκαχα· καὶ τὴν πορείαν παρα- 35[σκευάσαι τοῖς πρέσβεσι τὸς στρατηγὸς ὡ]ς τάχιστα καὶ Εὐμάχωι καὶ τοῖς [ἄλλοις Σαμίοις πᾶσι τοῖς μετὰ Εὐμάχο ἥκοσ]ι ἐπαινέσαι ὡς ὀ͂σιν ἀνδράσιν [ἀγαθοῖς περὶ τὸς Ἀθηναίος· καλέσαι δ’ Εὔμ]αχον ἐπ̣[ὶ δ]εῖπνον ἐς τὸ πρυτανέον [ἐς αὔριον· ἀναγράψαι δὲ τὰ ἐψηφισμένα τ]ὸγ γραμμ[ατέα τῆς] β̣[ο]λῆς μετὰ τῶν [στρατηγῶν ἐστήληι λιθίνηι καὶ κατα]θε͂ναι ἐς πόλι[ν, τὸς δὲ ἑλλην]οταμίας 40[δο͂ναι τὸ ἀργύριον· ἀναγράψαι δ’ ἐς Σά]μωι κατὰ ταὐτὰ τέ[λε]σι [τοῖς ἐκέ]νων. vac.
[ἔδοξεν τῆι βολῆι καὶ τῶι δήμωι· Πανδ]ιονὶς ἐπρυτάνευε· Ἀγύρριος Κ[ολλυτ]εὺς [ἐγραμμάτευε· Εὐκλείδης ἦρχε (403/2)· Κα]λλίας Ὤαθεν ἐπεστάτει· Κηφισοφῶν [εἶπεν]· [ἐπαινέσαι τὸς Σαμίος ὅτι ἐσὶν] ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ περὶ Ἀθηναίος, καὶ ἅπ[αντα] [κύρια ἐ͂ναι ἃ πρότερον ὁ δῆμος] ἐψηφίσατο ὁ Ἀθηναίων τῶι δήμωι τῶι Σα[μίων]. 45[πέμψαι δὲ τὸς Σαμίος ὥσπερ αὐ]τοὶ κελεύοσιν ἐς Λακεδαίμονα ὅντινα [ἂν αὐ]- [τοὶ βόλωνται· ἐπειδὴ δὲ προ]σδέονται Ἀθηναίων συνπράττεν, προσελέσ[θαι] [πρέσβες, οὗτοι δὲ συμπρα]ττόντων τοῖς Σαμίοις ὅ τι ἂν ἀγαθὸ[ν καὶ] [κοινῆι βολευέσθων μετὰ] ἐκένων· ἐπαινο͂σι δὲ Ἀθηναίοι Ἐφεσίος καὶ Νοτ[ιᾶς] [ὅτι προθύμως ἐδέξαντο] Σαμίων τὸς ἔξω ὄντας· προσαγαγε͂ν δὲ τὴν πρεσβεία[ν] 50[τῶν Σαμίων ἐς τὸν δῆμ]ον χρηματίσασθαι ἐάν το δέωνται· καλέσαι δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ [δεῖπνον τὴν πρεσβ]είαν τῶν Σαμίων ἐς τὸ πρυτανέον ἐς αὔριον· Κηφισωφῶν [εἶπε· τὰ μὲν ἄλλα κ]αθάπερ τῆι βολῆι· ἐψηφίσθαι δὲ Ἀθηναίων τῶι δήμωι κύρια [ἐ͂ναι τὰ ἐψηφισ]μένα πρότερον περὶ Σαμίων καθάπερ ἡ βολῆ προβολεύσασα [ἐς τὸν δῆμον ἐσ]ήνεγκεν· καλέσαι δὲ τὴν πρεσβείαν τῶν Σαμίων ἐπὶ δεῖπνον 55[ἐς τὸ πρυτανε͂]ον ἐς αὔριον. vac.
[ἔδοξεν τῆι βολῆ]ι καὶ τῶι δήμωι· Ἐρεχθηῒς ἐπρυτάνευεν· Κηφισοφῶν Πα[ια]νιεὺ[ς] [ἐγραμμάτευε· Εὐκλ]είδης ἦρχε (403/2)· Πύθων ἐκ Κηδῶν ἐπεστάτει· Εὐ[. . . . 8 . . . . εἶπεν]· [ἐπαινέσαι Ποσῆν τὸν] Σάμιον ὅτι ἀνὴρ ἀγαθός ἐστιν περὶ Ἀθηναίος, καὶ ἀνθ’ ὧν [εὖ πεπόηκε τὸν δῆμον δ]ο͂ναι αὐτ[ῶι τὸν δῆμο]ν δωρειὰν πεντακοσίας δραχμὰς 60[ἐς κατασκευὴν στεφάνο, οἱ δὲ ταμί]αι δόντων τὸ ἀργύριον. προσαγαγε͂ν δὲ αὐτὸ- [ν ἐς τὸν δῆμον καὶ εὑρέσθαι πα]ρὰ το͂ δήμο ὅ τι ἂν δύνηται ἀγαθόν. τὸ δὲ βιβλίον [το͂ ψηφίσματος παραδο͂ναι αὐτ]ῶι τὸγ γραμματέα τῆς βολῆς αὐτίκα μάλα. [καλέσαι δὲ ἐπὶ ξένια Σαμίος τὸ]ς ἥκοντας ἐς τὸ πρυτανέον ἐς αὔριον. vac. [. . . . . 10 . . . . . εἶπε· τὰ μὲν ἄλλα καθά]περ τῆι βολῆι· ἐπαινέσαι δὲ Ποσῆν τὸν 65[Σάμιον καὶ τὸς ὑε͂ς, ἐπειδὴ ἄνδρες ἀγ]αθοί ἐσιν περὶ τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων. [καὶ κύρια ἐ͂ναι τὰ ἐψηφισμένα πρότε]ρον ὑπὸ το͂ δήμο το͂ Ἀθηναίων· καὶ ἀναγρά- [ψάτω ὁ γραμματεὺς τὸ ψήφισμα ἐστήλ]ηι λιθίνηι, οἱ δὲ ταμίαι παρασχόντων [τὸ ἀργύριον ἐς τὴν στήλην. δο͂ναι δὲ Πο]σῆι δωρεὰν τὸν δῆμον χιλίας δραχμὰς [ἀρετῆς ἕνεκα τῆς πρὸς Ἀθηναίος, ἀπὸ δ]ὲ τῶν χιλίων δραχμῶν στέφανον ποῆσα- 70[ι καὶ ἐπιγράψαι τούτωι στεφανοῦν αὐ]τὸν τὸν δῆμον ἀνδραγαθίας ἕνεκα καὶ [ἀρετῆς τῆς ἐς Ἀθηναίος. ἐπαινέσαι δὲ] καὶ Σαμίος ὅτι ἐσὶν ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ [περὶ Ἀθηναίος· ἐὰν δέ το δέωνται παρὰ] το͂ δήμο, προσάγεν αὐτὸς τὸς πρυτάνες [πρὸς τὸν δῆμον πρώτος ἀεὶ μετὰ τὰ ἱερ]ά. προσαγαγε͂ν δὲ καὶ τὸς ὑε͂ς τὸς Ποσο͂ [τὸς πρυτάνες ἐς τὸν δῆμον ἐς τὴν πρώτ]ην ἕδραν. καλέσαι δὲ κ[αὶ ἐπὶ ξ]ένια 75[ἐς τὸ πρυτανε͂ον καὶ Ποσῆν καὶ τὸς ὑε͂ς] καὶ Σαμίων τὸς ἐπ[ιδημο͂ντα]ς.

Translation · 译文 （英文，AIO）

Relief

Kephisophon of Paiania was secretary (403/2). For the Samians who joined with the Athenian People.[1]

Decree 1A (Council and People, 405/4)

5 The Council and the People decided. KekropisVII was in prytany. Polymnis of Euonymon was secretary. Alexias was archon (405/4). Nikophon of Athmonon was chairman. Proposal (gnōmē) of Kleisophos and his fellow prutaneis:[2] to praise the Samian envoys (presbesi), both those who came previously and those who have come now, and their Council and their generals and the other Samians, because they are good men and eager to do what good they can, 10 and the actions which they have performed are judged to have been performed rightly for the Athenians and the Samians; and in return for the good which they have done for the Athenians, and because they now attach importance to the Athenians and propose good things for them, the Council and the People shall decide: that the Samians shall be Athenians living under whatever constitution they wish; and, so that this shall be as advantageous as possible for both parties, as they themselves suggest, when peace has been made, then 15 to deliberate jointly about the other matters. They shall use their own laws, being autonomous, and in other respects act in accordance with the oaths and the agreements as agreed by the Athenians and Samians. Concerning any complaints which the two parties may have against each other, they shall give and receive justice in accordance with the existing convention (sumbolas). If any emergency arises about the constitution because of the war and before the peace, 20 as the envoys themselves suggest, the Samians shall deliberate in the light of the circumstances and do what they judge best. Concerning the peace, if it is made, the same terms as for the Athenians shall apply also to those now living in Samos; if it is necessary to make war, they shall prepare as best they can, acting together with the Athenian generals; if the Athenians send an embassy anywhere, those present from Samos shall send jointly 25 if they wish to send anybody, and shall give what good advice they can. The triremes which are at Samos[3] shall be given to the Samians to use, after they have repaired them, in accordance with their own judgement; the names of the trierarchs to whom the ships were assigned the envoys (presbes) shall record for the secretary of the Council and the generals; and, if for any of these anything is inscribed anywhere in the public domain (dēmosiōi) from when they took over the triremes, 30 all of this everywhere the dockyard officials (neōroi) shall delete, but shall exact the equipment for the state (dēmosiōi) as soon as possible, and those who have any of it shall be compelled to give it back 32 intact.

Decree 1B (People, 405/4)

32 Proposal (gnōmē) of Kleisophos and his fellow prutaneis: in other respects in accordance with the Council, but the grant shall be valid for those who have come, as they themselves ask, and they shall be distributed immediately by the archons among the tribes (phulas) in ten groups (dekacha). Travelling expenses shall 35 be provided for the envoys (presbesi) by the generals as soon as possible; and to praise Eumachos and all the other Samians who have come with Eumachos, because they are good men with regard to the Athenians; and to invite Eumachos to dinner in the city hall (prutaneon) tomorrow. The secretary of the Council together with the generals shall inscribe what has been decreed on a stone stele and set it down on the acropolis; and the Greek treasurers (hellēnotamias) 40 shall provide the money; it shall be inscribed at Samos in the same way at their own expense.

Decree 2A (Council and People, 403/2)

The Council and the People decided. PandionisIII was in prytany. Agyrrhios of Kollytos was secretary. Eukleides was archon (403/2). Kallias of Oa was chairman. Kephisophon proposed: to praise the Samians because they are good men with regard to the Athenians; and everything shall be valid which previously the People of Athens voted for the People of Samos. 45 The Samians, as they themselves require (keleuosin), shall send to Sparta whoever they themselves wish; and since in addition they ask the Athenians to collaborate (sunpratten), the Athenians shall choose additional ambassadors (presbes), and these shall collaborate with the Samians to achieve whatever benefit they can, [and shall deliberate jointly with] them.[4] The Athenians praise the Ephesians and the Notians because they enthusiastically received those of the Samians who were outside. To bring the Samian embassy (presbeian) 50 before the People and place them on the agenda, if they need anything. And to invite the Samian 51 embassy (presbeian) to dinner in the city hall (prutaneion) tomorrow.

Decree 2B (People, 403/2)

51 Kephisophon proposed: in other respects in accordance with the Council; but the Athenian People shall vote that there shall be valid what was voted previously about the Samians, as the Council, having formulated a proposal (proboleusasa), brought it forward to the People. To invite the embassy (presbeian) of the Samians 55 to dinner (deipnon) in the city hall (prutaneon) tomorrow.

Decree 3 (Council and People, 403/2)

The Council and the People decided. ErechtheisI was in prytany. Kephisophon of Paiania was secretary. Eukleides was archon (403/2). Python of Kedoi was chairman. Eu- proposed: to praise Poses the Samian[5] because he is a good man with regard to the Athenians, and, in return for the good that he has done to the People, the People shall give him a gift (dōreian) of five hundred drachmas 60 [for making a crown]; let the treasurers give the money. Bring him before the People, to find from the People whatever benefit he can. The book (biblion) [of the decree][6] the secretary of the Council shall [hand over] to him immediately. To invite the Samians who have come to hospitality (xenia) in the city hall (prutaneon) tomorrow. - proposed: in other respects in accordance with the Council; but to praise Poses the 65 Samian and his sons, because they are good men with regard to the People of Athens; and the things voted previously by the Athenian People shall be valid; and let the secretary of the Council inscribe the decree on a stone stele, and let the treasurers provide the money for the stele. The People shall give Poses a gift (dōrean) of a thousand drachmas for his goodness towards the Athenians, and from the thousand drachmas he shall make a crown, 70 and engrave on it that the People crown him for being a good man and for his goodness to the Athenians. Also praise the Samians because they are good men with regard to the Athenians. If they need anything from the People, the prytany shall bring them forward to the People always first after the sacred business. The prytany shall also bring the sons of Poses forward before the People at the first session. Invite also to hospitality (xenia) 75 in the city hall (prutaneon) Poses and his sons and those of the Samians who are present.

Notes · 注释 （AIO 校注）

  1. [1] Samos, a democracy since at least 412 (Thuc. 8.21, cf. IG I3 96), was a staunch ally of Athens and her main base in the Aegean from then (Thuc. 8.16.1) until the end of the Peloponnesian War, when, shortly after the date of decree 1, both cities capitulated to Sparta and Lysander imposed on Samos rule by a junta of ten (decarchy, Xen. Hell. 2.3.6–9 etc.). Neither this regime, nor the short-lived rule of the Thirty at Athens, similarly supported by Lysander, and which intervened between decree(s) 1 and 2, is mentioned. Kephisophon, who heads the inscription, was secretary in 403/2 when decree 3 was enacted, suggesting that the original version of decree 1 was demolished by the Thirty and that this is a reinscription by the restored democracy. The decree is crowned by a relief depicting the patron goddesses of both cities, Athena and Hera, clasping hands (dexiosis), which "eloquently sums up the situation" (Lawton). For a recent discussion of the interplay of "art" and "text" in this monument, with excellent photographs, see J. Elsner, Classical Antiquity 34, 2015, 33-73.
  2. [2] This (and the amendment, 32) is a unique case of a decree proposed by the whole board of prytaneis (6–7), emphasising the magnitude of the decision being proposed in this critical situation for both cities. The mass grant of citizenship was not unprecedented; Athens had made such a grant to the Plataians, perhaps in 519 or 480 (Thuc. 3.55.3), activated after the destruction of Plataea in 427 by the surviving Plataeans in Athens ([Dem.] 59.104–6, cf. Lys. 23, Isok. 12.94); but is clearly here an emergency measure in a situation of crisis and the references to their constitution and autonomy, and the judicial convention, indicate that it is not expected to be activated extensively. On second thoughts, however, the amendment (ll. 32-40) provides for those Samians in Athens who, with Samos being besieged by Lysander, are unable or unwilling to return home, and wish to take practical advantage of their Athenian citizenship.
  3. [3] Presumably the twenty ships left by Konon and Philokles before Aigospotamoi, Diod. 13.104.2.
  4. [4] The secretary, Agyrrhios, was the leading politician who introduced payment for attending the Assembly (Ath. Pol. 41.3); the proposer, Kephisophon, was one of the envoys sent to Sparta prior to the restoration of democracy in 403 (Xen. Hell. 2.4.36). Just as the joint negotiation with Sparta (over capitulation) had been promised in the first decree, so now a joint approach is also to be made, perhaps concerning the return of Samian exiles in Athens and elsewhere (Ephesos and Notion, close to Samos on the mainland, will have been natural places of refuge for Samian democrats).
  5. [5] Nothing is known about this man beyond what is stated in this decree. The increase by the Assembly in the value of the crown proposed by the Council is unusual, but cf. IG II3 1, 306 ll. 7 and 13. Samos remained under a pro-Spartan regime, probably until the battle of Knidos in 394.
  6. [6] I.e. the text of the decree on papyrus (byblos). Presentation of the honorand with a copy of the decree honouring him is rarely provided for explicitly in Athenian decrees, but presumably was (or became, was it an innovation on this occasion?) quite common in practice.

Concordance · 著录 （AIO 所列）