The Decree of Themistokles from Troizen

Act of 480 BC · stone of the first half of the third century BC · marble stele · Epigraphical Museum, Athens

EM 13330 SEG 22.274 SEG 18.153 Meiggs–Lewis 23 PHI 291957 identity verified · 身份已核实
3D capture + reader · 三维模型 ↗ PHI 291957 ↗ Wikidata ↗ EpiDoc XML ↗

The reading text follows Meiggs–Lewis 23 (Oxford 1969). The letters standing outside brackets are what is cut on the stone; every bracketed supplement is an editor's conjecture and is attributed in the apparatus below, with competing restorations kept rather than resolved. The apparatus records the attributions Meiggs and Lewis themselves give. This page reproduces the text for study with acknowledgement; the editorial work in the restorations and apparatus belongs to the scholars named.
所据读本为 Meiggs–Lewis 第 23 号（牛津，1969）。方括号外之字为石上所刻，括号内悉为编者补字，各系其人于下方校勘记；诸家异说并存而不加取舍。校记中之归属，皆本 Meiggs 与 Lewis 原书所载。本页转录以供研读，并具出处；补字与校记之学术劳绩，属于所列诸家。

Lemma · 题录

A marble stele, found near the church of Hagia Soteira at Damala (Troizen); now in the Epigraphical Museum, Athens. Third-century lettering; ll. 4–47 stoichedon 42, except ll. 38–41 and 43. The stone has suffered damage on the left. The decree it carries is dated to 480 BC, on the eve of Salamis, and provides for the evacuation of Athens to Troizen and Salamis and the manning of two hundred ships; the stone itself was cut some two centuries later, and how far the copy preserves the decree actually passed in 480 has been disputed since its publication.
大理石碑，出于特罗曾达马拉之圣救主堂附近，今藏雅典碑铭博物馆。刻工属公元前三世纪；第 4–47 行为每行 42 字之棋盘式（stoichedon）书写，惟 38–41 行与 43 行不循此例。石之左侧残损。所载法令系于公元前 480 年萨拉米斯战前，令雅典人徙其家属于特罗曾与萨拉米斯，并具舟二百；然刻石之时后于其事约二百年，此本是否即 480 年所颁之令，自初刊以来聚讼未决。

Text · 文本 （据 Meiggs–Lewis 23；方括号内为补字）

1[θεοί.] ἔδοξ[εν] τῆι̣ βουλῆι καὶ τῶι δήμωι· Θεμισ[τοκλ]ῆ̣ς̣ Ν̣εοκλέ̣ους Φρεάρριος εἶπεν· τὴ[μ] μὲ̣ν̣ πό[λιν παρ]ακ̣α̣τ[αθέ]σθαι τῆι Ἀθηνᾶι τῆι Ἀθηνῶ- 5μ [μεδεο]ύ[σηι] κ[αὶ τοῖς ἄλλ]οις θε̣οῖς ἅ̣πα̣σιν φυλάττει- ν κ̣α̣[ὶ] ἀ̣μ̣[ύνειν τὸμ βά]ρ̣β̣α̣ρ̣[ο]ν ὑπὲρ τῆς χώρας· Ἀθηναίου- [ς δ’ ἅπ]α̣[ντας καὶ τοὺς ξένο]υς τοὺς οἰκοῦντας Ἀθήνησι [τὰ τέκ]ν[α καὶ τὰς γυναῖκ]α̣ς̣ ε[ἰς] Τροιζῆνα καταθέσθαι τ̣[...20...] τοῦ ἀ̣ρχηγέτου τῆς χώρας· τ- 10[οὺς δὲ πρεσβύτας καὶ τὰ] κτήματα εἰς Σαλαμῖνα καταθ- έ[σ]θ[αι· τοὺς δὲ ταμίας καὶ τ]ὰς ἱερέας ἐν τῆι ἀκροπόλε- [ι μένειν φυλάττοντας τὰ τῶ]ν̣ θεῶν· τοὺς δὲ ἄλλους Ἀθη- [ναίους ἅπαντας καὶ τοὺς ξέ]νο̣υς τοὺς ἡβῶντας εἰσβαί- νειν ε̣[ἰς τὰς ἑτοιμασθ]ε̣[ί]σ̣[α]ς̣ διακοσίας ναῦς καὶ ἀμύ- 15νεσ[θαι] τ[ὸμ βάρβαρον ὑπὲρ τῆ]ς ἐλευθερίας τῆς τε ἑαυ- τῶ̣ν [καὶ τῶν ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων] μετὰ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Κο- ρ̣ι̣ν̣[θίων καὶ Αἰγινητῶν] κ̣α̣ὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶμ βουλομένω- [ν] κ̣οινω[νήσειν τοῦ κινδύνο]υ· καταστῆσαι δὲ καὶ τριη̣- [ρ]ά̣[ρχους διακοσίους ἕνα ἐπὶ] τὴν ναῦν ἑκάστην τοὺς [σ]- 20τρατη[γ]οὺ[ς ἀρχομένους τ]ῆι αὔριον ἡμέραι ἐκ τῶν κ[εκ]- τημ̣έν̣[ω]ν̣ γ[ῆν] τ̣[ε κ]α̣ὶ̣ [οἰκί]αν Ἀθ[ή]νησι καὶ οἷς ἂμ παῖδ[ες] ὦσ̣ι γνή[σιοι μὴ πρεσβυτέρο]υς πεντήκοντα ἐτῶν κα̣[ὶ ἐ]- πικλ[ηρῶσαι αὐτ]ο̣ῖ̣ς [τ]ὰς να̣ῦς· v v καταλέξαι δὲ καὶ ἐπ[ι]- βάτας [δ]έκα̣ [ἐφ’ ἑκάστη]ν ναῦν ἐκ τῶν ὑπὲρ εἴκοσιν ἔτη [γ]- 25εγονότω[ν μέχρι τριά]κοντα ἐτῶν καὶ τοξότας τέτταρ- ας· δια[κληρῶσαι δὲ κ]α̣ὶ̣ τὰς ὑπηρεσίας ἐπὶ τὰς ναῦς ὅτ- αμπερ κ[αὶ τοὺς τριηράρ]χους ἐπικληρῶσιν· ἀναγράψα- ι δὲ κα̣[ὶ τοὺς ἄλλους κατὰ] ναῦ̣ν̣ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς εἰς λ- ευκώ[ματα, τοὺς μὲν Ἀ]θ̣η̣ν̣α̣ί̣ο̣υ̣ς ἐκ τῶν ληξιαρχικῶν γρ- 30αμματεί̣[ων, τοὺς] δ̣ὲ̣ ξ[έν]ους ἐκ τῶν ἀπογεγραμμένων πα̣- [ρ]ὰ τ̣ῶι [πολε]μ̣[άρχ]ω̣[ι·] ἀνα̣γράφειν δὲ νέμοντας κατὰ τάξ- εις [ε]ἰς διακοσίας ἀ̣[ν]ὰ̣ ἑκατὸν ἀριθμὸν καὶ ἐπιγράψα- ι τ̣ῆ̣ι̣ [τάξ]ει̣ ἑ̣κ̣ά̣στηι τῆς τρι̣ήρους τοὔνομα καὶ τοῦ τρι- η̣ράρχου καὶ τ̣ῆ̣ς ὑπηρε[σί]ας ὅπως ἂν εἰδῶσιν εἰς ὁποί- 35αν τριήρη ἐ[μ]βήσεται ἡ [τ]άξις ἑ[κ]άστη· ἐπειδὰν δὲ νεμη- θ̣ῶσ̣ιν ἅπα[σ]αι αἱ τάξεις καὶ ἐπικληρωθῶσι ταῖς τριή- ρεσ̣ι, πλ̣η̣ροῦν ἁ̣[π]άσας̣ τὰς διακοσίας ναῦς τὴμ βουλὴν καὶ τ̣[ο]ὺσ̣τρατηγοὺ[ς θύ]σαντας ἀρεστήριον τῶι Διὶ τῶι Παγκρατεῖ καὶ τῆι Ἀθηνᾶι καὶ τῆι Νίκηι καὶ τῶι Ποσει- 40δῶνι τῶι Ἀσφα[λ]είωι· v v ἐπειδὰν δὲ πεπληρωμέναι ὦσιν αἱ νῆες, τα[ῖ]ς μὲν ἑκατὸν αὐτῶν βοηθεῖν ἐπὶ τὸ Ἀρτεμίσ- [ι]ο̣ν τ̣ὸ̣ Εὐβοϊκόν, ταῖς δὲ ἑκατὸν αὐτῶν περὶ τὴν Σαλαμ- ῖνα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην Ἀττικὴν ναυλοχεῖν καὶ φυλάττειν τὴν χώρ̣α̣ν· ὅπως δ’ ἂν καὶ ὁμονοοῦντες ἅπαντες Ἀθηναῖοι 45ἀ̣μ̣ύ̣νωνται τὸμ βάρβαρον, τοὺς μὲν μεθεστηκότας τὰ [δ]- [έκα] ἔτη ἀπιέναι εἰς Σαλαμῖνα καὶ μένειν αὐτοὺς̣ ἐ[κε]- [ῖ ἕως ἄν τι τῶι δήμ]ω̣ι δόξηι περὶ αὐτῶν· τοὺς δὲ [ἀτίμου]- [ς - - - - - - - - -] traces [- - - - - - - - - -]

plain — letters read on the stone 石上可读之字 [italic] — supplied by an editor 编者所补 * — line has an apparatus note 此行有校记

Of 1898 Greek letters in this text, 1430 stand on the stone and 468 are supplied — 25% restoration. The figure is given because the proportion is high and a reader should know it before leaning on any one clause.
全文希腊字母 1898 个，石上可读者 1430 个，编者所补者 468 个，补字约占 25%。补字既多，读者据以立论前宜先知其数。

Apparatus · 校勘记 （补字所出，各系其人）

  1. 4 ll. 4–47 Stoichedon 42 from here to l. 47, except ll. 38–41 and 43. Jameson notes in the margin of the editio princeps that ll. 38–41 have an extra stoichos.
  2. 7 [ς δ’ ἅπ]α̣[ντας Habicht's restoration (Hermes 89, 1961, 1–35), which ML say “now seems to fit the traces better than Jameson's [ς δὲ α]ὐτ[ούς]”.
  3. 9 τ̣[...20...] The whole clause is lost. Meritt suggests [προστάτου ὄντος Πιτθέως]; Habicht [εἰς παραθήκην τοῦ Θησέως] or [Πιτθέως]. Hardy and Pritchett (BSA 59, 1964, 30–1) read the first surviving letter as tau or zeta, and Jameson accepts this. Jameson's first text (Hesperia 29, 1960) read a lacuna of 21 letters, without the initial tau.
  4. 20 [ς ἀρχομένους τ]ῆι αὔριον Jameson's first text (Hesperia 29, 1960) read [ς καταρχομένο]υς αὔ[ρ]ιον.
  5. 21 γ[ῆν] τ̣[ε κ]α̣ὶ̣ [οἰκί]αν Jameson's first text (Hesperia 29, 1960) read [ων οὐσία]ν [πατρώι]αν, “their ancestral property”, where ML have “land and house at Athens”.
  6. 24 [δ]έκα̣ [ἐφ’ ἑκάστη]ν ναῦν Ten marines to each ship. Jameson's first text (Hesperia 29, 1960) read [εἴ]κ[οσιν ἐπὶ τὴν] ναῦν, twenty — a difference of a thousand men in the fleet as a whole.
  7. 26 δια[κληρῶσαι δὲ κ]α̣ὶ̣ τὰς ὑπηρεσίας Jameson's first text (Hesperia 29, 1960) read δια[νέμειν δὲ καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ὑ]πηρεσίας.
  8. 28 κα̣[ὶ τοὺς ἄλλους κατὰ] ναῦ̣ν̣ ναύτας (Woodhead, Stroud) is also possible. Jameson's first text (Hesperia 29, 1960) read κα[ὶ τὰ πληρώματα τῶν] ν[εῶν].
  9. 32 [ε]ἰς διακοσίας ἀ̣[ν]ὰ̣ ἑκατὸν ἀριθμὸν See Meritt, Hesperia 31 (1962) 413. Jameson's first text (Hesperia 29, 1960) read [ἴσας διακοσίας π]ά[ν]τα τὸν ἀριθμόν.
  10. 34 τ̣ῆ̣ς ὑπηρε[σί]ας ML: τῆς seems more likely than τ[ὰ]ς.
  11. 38 τ̣[ο]ὺσ̣τρατηγοὺ[ς So the stone: one sigma serves for both words (haplography), with no word division. Both editions print it. Verified on the plate of the editio princeps at high magnification — the gap between ὺ and σ is that of ordinary letter spacing, not of a word space.
  12. 39 καὶ τῆι Ἀθηνᾶι καὶ τῆι Νίκηι Amandry (Bull. Fac. Lettres Strasbourg 38, 1961, 413–35) suggests τῶι Διὶ ⟨καὶ⟩ τῶι Παγκρατεῖ καὶ τῆι Ἀθηνᾶι {καὶ} τῆι Νίκηι, and Meritt concurs in excising the second καί. The I.PHI text follows them and omits it; this is the single point at which the present transcription and the I.PHI text diverge.
  13. 46 μένειν αὐτοὺς̣ ἐ[κε]- Continuing into l. 47 [ῖ ἕως ἄν τι τῶι δήμ]ωι δόξηι, “remain there until the People decide about them”. Jameson's first text (Hesperia 29, 1960) read μένειν αὐτοῦ [μέχρι] | [ἂν ὅτου τι τῶι δήμ]ωι δόξηι.
  14. 48 [ς – – –] traces [– – –] The stone breaks off. Both editions mark surviving traces that neither restores.

Witnesses and editions · 版本与校本

Concordance · 著录