Bilingual core lexicon
EpiDoc 双语核心词汇表 · 简体中文附口语化解释
A one-page printable reference. Hand each student a copy on day one. 单页可打印参考表。第一日发给每位学生一份。
Leiden sigla 莱顿符号
| Siglum | English | 中文 (附简单解释) |
|---|---|---|
[abc] | editorial restoration of lost text | 编者补字 (石头上掉了的字, 由编者根据上下文补出来) |
(abc) | expansion of an abbreviation | 缩写展开 (碑上只刻了缩写, 括号里是编者补的完整形式) |
⟨abc⟩ | editorial correction | 编者校改 (编者认为刻字工写错了, 这是正确写法) |
«abc» / {abc} | editorial deletion | 编者删除 (编者认为这些字母多余, 应该去掉) |
[—] | gap of unknown length | 不明长度的残缺 |
[abc?] | uncertain restoration | 不确定的补字 (编者猜的, 但没把握) |
+ | illegible trace of a letter | 不可释读的字母残迹 (看得见有字, 但认不出来) |
| letter with subscript dot | letter visible but uncertain | 字母可见但识读存疑 (看起来像 A, 但不太确定) |
vac. | intentionally blank space | 留白 (石头上故意留的空白) |
| | line break | 行尾换行 |
Core TEI / EpiDoc elements 核心标签
| Element | English explanation | 中文解释 |
|---|---|---|
<TEI> | root of every EpiDoc file | 每份 EpiDoc 文件的根元素 |
<teiHeader> | metadata header — who, where, when, what stone | 元数据头，谁编的、出土地点、日期、什么石头 |
<text><body> | actual inscription content | 实际的铭文内容 |
<div type="edition"> | editorial transcription | 编者释读文本 |
<div type="apparatus"> | apparatus criticus — alternative readings | 校勘记，不同学者的不同释读 |
<div type="translation"> | translation into a modern language | 翻译成现代语言 |
<div type="commentary"> | scholarly commentary | 学术注释 |
<div type="bibliography"> | publications citing this inscription | 引用或刊布此铭文的著作 |
<ab> | "anonymous block" wrapping running text | 一段连续文本的外包装 |
<lb n="1"/> | line break, with line number | 换行标记, 标注是第几行 |
<w> | one word (for lemmatization) | 一个词 (用于词形归并) |
<expan> | wrapper saying "an abbreviation was expanded here" | “这里有一个缩写被展开”的外包装 |
<abbr> | the letters actually on the stone | 石头上实际刻的字母 |
<ex> | letters the editor adds to complete the word | 编者补出来让单词完整的字母 |
<am> | abbreviation mark (e.g. doubled dd for plural lords) | 缩写符号 (比如双写 dd 表示“我们的主人们”复数) |
<gap reason="lost"> | a stretch of lost text | 失落的文本片段 |
<gap reason="illegible"> | visible but unreadable | 字母可见但认不出 |
<supplied reason="lost"> | editor's supplement of lost letters | 编者补出的失落字母 |
<unclear> | letters whose identification is uncertain | 字母识读不确定 |
<persName> | a person's name | 人名 |
<placeName> | a place name | 地名 |
<orgName> | organisation (legion, college, civic body) | 机构名 (军团、祭司团、市政机构) |
<roleName> | a person's role or office | 人的职务或身份 (执政官、祭司、执事) |
<num value="14"> | a numeral with the value as an attribute | 数字, value 属性方便程序排序 |
<g ref="#interpunct"> | a special glyph (interpunct, leaf, cross…) | 特殊符号 (间隔点、叶饰、十字等) |
<hi rend="ligature"> | letters joined in a ligature on the stone | 石上的连写字母 |
<hi rend="tall"> | a taller-than-usual letter | 比一般字母更高的字母 |
<hi rend="supraline"> | letters with a stroke drawn over them (often a numeral) | 字母上方有一道横线 (通常表示这是数字) |
<lg> | "line group" — wraps a stanza or couplet | “诗节”，用于诗歌, 包装一节或一联 |
<l met="hexameter"> | one verse-line, with its meter as an attribute | 一行诗, met 属性标注格律 |
<foreign xml:lang="grc"> | a word in another language inside the main text | 正文中嵌入的另一种语言的词 |
<date datingMethod="#julian"> | a date, as a range, so software can filter by period | 日期, 以区间表达, 方便程序按时段筛选 |
Epigraphic genre terms 铭文种类术语
| Term | English | 中文 (附简单解释) |
|---|---|---|
| dedication / votive | a gift to a god or emperor | 奉献铭 / 还愿铭 (献给神灵或元首的) |
| epitaph / funerary | inscribed on a tomb | 墓志铭 (刻在墓上的) |
| honorific | praising a person's achievements | 荣誉铭 (赞扬某人功业的) |
| building inscription | commemorating a building or its sponsor | 建筑铭 (说明某建筑由谁出资修建的) |
| milestone | Roman road markers | 里程碑石 (罗马大道上的) |
| boundary stone | land or jurisdictional marker | 界碑 (标记地产或行政边界的) |
| sacred / sacrum | "holy" / "sacred thing" | 神圣的 / 圣物 (拉丁文 sacrum 通常缩写为 S) |
| Dis Manibus | "to the divine shades" — Roman epitaph opening | “献给冥神”(罗马墓碑开头的常见套语, 缩写 D M) |
| vir clarissimus | "most distinguished man" — senatorial rank | “显赫者”(元老身份, 缩写 v c) |
| consularis | governor of consular rank | “执政官级总督”(缩写 cons) |
| cursus honorum | "course of honours" — sequence of public offices held | “荣誉之路”(罗马官员一生历任的官职序列) |
Pattern reminders 模式速查
Simple abbreviation · 简单缩写
<expan><abbr>cons</abbr><ex>ularis</ex></expan>Visible letters in
<abbr>, editor's expansion in <ex>.
可见字母进 <abbr>, 编者展开进 <ex>。
Plural-marker abbreviation (DDD/NNN) · 复数标记缩写
<expan><abbr>d<am>dd</am></abbr><ex>ominorum</ex></expan>The doubled
dd is NOT extra letters of dominorum; it is a plural marker. It goes inside <am> nested in <abbr>.
双重的 dd 不是 dominorum 的另外两个字母, 而是复数标记。要嵌套放进 <abbr> 内的 <am>。
Discontinuous abbreviation · 间断式缩写
<expan><abbr>Ian</abbr><ex>uaria</ex><abbr>s</abbr></expan>When the stone gives start AND end of the word, with the middle supplied. Multiple
<abbr>/<ex> children inside one <expan>.
当石上给出单词的开头和结尾, 中间由编者补出。一个 <expan> 中放多个 <abbr>/<ex> 子元素。
Greek year-symbol (six-layer) · 希腊年字符号 (六层)
<w lemma="ἔτος"><expan><abbr><am><g ref="symbols.xml#year"/></am></abbr><ex>ἔτους</ex></expan></w>Glyph →
<am> → <abbr> → <ex> → <expan> → <w>. Each layer earns its place.
符号 → <am> → <abbr> → <ex> → <expan> → <w>。每一层都有作用。
Greek father–son name · 希腊文父子名嵌套
<persName><name>Neikais</name> <persName><name>Androsthenes (gen.)</name></persName> </persName>Father's name nested inside son's. Reflects the Greek genitive construction. 父亲名嵌套在儿子名内。反映希腊文属格结构。