Suppress a witness or an event and see, by monotone deletion, which downstream events lose all their support. This asks what the historical record rests on — not what would have happened. The Persian Wars, for one, rest on a single author.压制一个见证或事件,以单调删除观察哪些下游事件失去全部支撑。此问历史记录依赖于什么 —— 而非史事本身会否改变。譬如希波战争,仅系于一位作者。
Each dot is a Pleiades place attested at the chosen year (its name-coverage envelope contains t). Red markers are economy centres, filled when a fiscal regime is in force then. Drag the slider to watch the attested world thicken and thin across a millennium.每个点为在所选年份有见证的 Pleiades 地点(其名称覆盖区间含 t)。红色标记为经济中心,当其财政体制于此时生效则填充。拖动滑块,观察见证世界在千年间的疏密变化。
Under a pure transport-cost regime, a commodity should thin out with distance from its source. Baetican olive oil (Dressel 20) does not: far northern military sites hold it at many times the cost-decay expectation. That over-representation, where no civilian market can explain it, is the fingerprint of the annona militaris — the state feeding the frontier armies, overriding market cost.在纯运输成本之下,商品应随距源头之远而稀疏。贝提卡橄榄油(Dressel 20)却不然:北方边境军事据点持有量远超成本衰减之预期。此种在无民用市场可解释处的过度出现,正是军粮制(annona militaris)之印记 —— 国家越过市场成本,供养边境驻军。
Each point: a findspot — horizontal = km from the Guadalquivir source, vertical = stamps (log). ■ frontier military · ■ Mediterranean. The line is the fitted cost-decay; points far above it defy it.每点为一出土地 —— 横轴=距瓜达尔基维尔源头之公里,纵轴=戳记数(对数)。■ 边境军事 · ■ 地中海。直线为拟合之成本衰减;远在其上者即为反例。