The accounts记述 · the ancient witnesses
Greek historians · 希腊史家
Cassius Dio — Roman History （卡西乌斯·狄奥·罗马史）primary source · 源典2 loci · sparse
§ 40.1–1 · 2/2 in the cited books
Bk 40.12–27 — the crossing, the betrayal by Abgarus of Osroene, and the encirclement by Surenas' horse-archers卷四十 12–27：渡河、奥斯若埃内的阿布加尔背叛，以及苏雷纳骑射手的合围
Appian — Roman History （阿庇安·罗马史）dated witness · 系年见证5 loci · attested
§ 2.3–4
Provenance: “primary source” = curated canonical witness (editorial); “dated witness” = derived from the ToposText date index by year-span, with the matched loci count. Sparse counts may include incidental mentions.出处：「源典」为校订之正典见证（编辑判断）；「系年见证」由 ToposText 系年索引按年代跨度推得，附匹配条目数；稀少者或含偶涉。
On the timeline时间轴上
→ See this and all 18 historians on the chronology spine于编年脊柱上一览本事件与全部 18 位史家