1. The stone, the moment, the genre1. 石碑、时刻、类型
This SC's content — granting a private landowner the right to host bi-monthly markets — looks administratively trivial, almost a footnote in the Antonine Senate's calendar. Its formal interest is the opposite: the SC is so unremarkable, so routine, that the Senate's chancery treats it with the full apparatus of every canonical formula. The Antonine SC at its most ordinary still uses the same prescript, the same witness list, the same transition, the same closing approval, the same attendance count that the Tiberian SC uses, that the Republican SC used. The formulaic frame is what made the SC genre a recognisable thing across 324 years; this case study lets the student read that frame in its lowest-stakes possible exercise. 本 SC 内容 — 授予私人地主举办双月市集的权利 — 行政上看似琐碎, 几乎是安东尼元老院日程的脚注. 其形式上的价值正相反: SC 如此不引人注目, 如此例行公事, 以至元老院文书以每一项标准公式的完整装置处理. 安东尼时期最普通的 SC 仍使用与提比略时期、共和时期 SC 相同的开头、相同的证人列表、相同的过渡、相同的结尾批准、相同的出席人数. 公式框架正是使 SC 类型在 324 年间成为可识别之物的; 本案例研究让学生在其可能的最低风险练习中阅读此框架.
2. The full text, with formula highlights — both copies preserved on the bronze2. 完整文本及公式高亮 — 青铜板保存的两份副本
prescript / convening framework开头 / 召集框架 relator (Sherk #6: named proposer)提案人 (Sherk #6: 命名提案人) transition / approval过渡 / 批准 placere / decretaldecretum publication / redaction公布 / 起草
2scribundo adfuerunt Quintus Gargilius Quinti filius Quirina Antiquus Tiberius Claudius Tiberi filius Palatina Quartinus Caius Oppius Cai filius Velina Severus Caius Herennius Cai filius Palatina Caecilianus Marcus Iulius Marci filius Quirina Clarus Publius Cassius Publi filius Claudia Dexter quaestor Publius Nonius Marci filius Oufentina Macrinus quaestor
3in senatu fuerunt CCL
4senatus consultum per discessionem factum
5quod Publius Cassius Secundus Publius Delphius Peregrinus Alfius Alennius Maximus Curtius Valerianus Proculus Marcus Nonius Mucianus conssules verba fecerunt desiderio amicorum Lucili Africani clarissimi viri qui petunt ut ei permittatur in provincia Africa regione Beguensi territorio Musulamiorum ad Casas nundinas IIII Nonas Novembres et XII Kalendas Decembres ex eo omnibus mensibus IIII Nonas et XII Kalendas sui cuius que mensis instituere habere
6quid fieri placeret de ea re ita censuerunt
7permittendum Lucilio Africano clarissimo viro in provincia Africa regione Beguensi territorio Musulamiorum ad Casas nundinas IIII Nonas Novembres et XII Kalendas Decembres et ex eo omnibus mensibus IIII Nonas et XII Kalendas sui cuius que mensis instituere et habere eo que vicinis advenis que nundinandi dumtaxat causa coire convenire sine iniuria et incommodo cuiusquam liceat
8actum Idibus Octobribus Publio Cassio Secundo Marco Nonio Muciano
9eodem exemplo de eadem re duae tabellae signatae sunt signatores Titi Flavi Comini scribae Cai Iuli Fortunati scribae Marci Caesi Helvi Euhelpisti Quinti Metili Onesimi Cai Iuli Periblepti Luci Verati Philerotis Titi Flavi Crescentis ⸺ Second copy of the same SC, on the same bronze ⸺ 10Senatus consultum de nundinis saltus Beguensis co in comitio RVM in curia Iulia
11scribundo adfuerunt Quintus Gargilius Quinti filius Quirina Antiquus ... (same eight-senator list as in copy 1)
12in senatu fuerunt CCL
13senatus consultum per discessionem factum
14quod Publius Cassius Secundus ... Marcus Nonius Mucianus conssules verba fecerunt de desiderio amicorum Lucili Africani clarissimi viri ...
15quid fieri placeret de ea re ita censuerunt
16permittendum Lucilio Africano clarissimo viro ...
17actum Idibus Octobribus ...
18eodem exemplo de eadem re duae tabellae signatae sunt (same 8 signators)
The doubling is a feature, not a textual error: the bronze tablet records, twice, that two bronze tablets were made — the inscription is one of those two tablets, declaring its own twin's existence and listing the same signators on both. This is the dossier's clearest documentary witness to SC archival redundancy, a procedural insurance against loss that the SC genre evidently practised systematically by the 2nd century CE. The eight signators on both copies are the scribes (scribae) who actually inscribed the bronzes, distinct from the senators listed in the scribendo adfuerunt witness list (which records the senatorial-rank witnesses to the redaction). 重复是一个特征, 而非文本错误: 青铜板两次记录, 两块青铜板被制作 — 本铭文是其中一块, 宣告其孪生板的存在, 并在两板上列出相同的签字者. 这是项目对 SC 档案冗余最清晰的文献见证, 一种 SC 类型在公元 2 世纪显然系统实践的防丢失程序保险. 两份副本上的八位签字者是实际镌刻青铜板的书记官 (scribae), 不同于 scribendo adfuerunt 证人列表中所列的元老级起草证人.
3. Slot-by-slot decomposition (Sherk's full Imperial-era scheme — all six modifications)3. 逐槽分解 (Sherk 完整帝国时期框架 — 六个修正全)
Where the SCpP (case #2) exhibits 5 of Sherk's 6 modifications, the SC de Beguensis exhibits all six. The named-proposer convention (Sherk #6, "after Hadrian or Antoninus Pius the name of the senator whose sententia was followed in the decree is given") is operational here in its earliest dossier example: five consulares are explicitly named as relatores. This is what makes the SC de Beguensis the dossier's diachronic terminus on the SC formulaic line — it shows the genre at the moment when its formal apparatus has been built out to its full Imperial expression. SCpP (案例 #2) 展现 Sherk 六个修正中的五个, SC de Beguensis 则展现全六. 命名提案人惯例 (Sherk #6, "Hadrian 或 Antoninus Pius 之后, 决议所遵循 sententia 的元老姓名予以给出") 在此处于项目最早范例运行中: 五位 consulares 被明确命名为 relatores. 这使 SC de Beguensis 成为项目 SC 公式线的历时终点 — 显示类型在其形式装置已建至完整帝国表达之时刻.
| Sherk | Slot槽 | Surface text表面文本 | Formula UID / status |
|---|---|---|---|
| A.1 | Convening magistrate | omitted per Sherk modification #1 — the ordinary consuls of 138 (Kanius Iunius Niger / Pomponius Camerinus) are named only in the archival framing, not as conveners | (Imperial change) |
| A.2 | Convening verb | not present in Republican A.2 position; the SC opens directly with the archival framing "descriptum et recognitum ex libro sententiarum" | — |
| A.3 | Date | Idibus Octobribus (15 October 138 CE) | — |
| A.4 | Place | in comitio in curia Iulia (the Curia Iulia at the Forum) | — |
| A.5 | Witnesses (scribundo adfuerunt) | scribundo adfuerunt + 8 named senators including two quaestors (P. Cassius Dexter, P. Nonius Macrinus) | F.LAT_SCRIBENDO_ADFUERUNT (×2, both copies) |
| A.6 | Attendance count (Sherk modification #5) | in senatu fuerunt CCL (250 senators present) | F.LAT_IN_SENATU_FUERUNT (×2, both copies) |
| A.7 | Procedure notice (a documentary feature uncommon outside this SC) | senatus consultum per discessionem factum — vote by division, not by individual sententiae (cf. Raggi & Buongiorno 2020 pp. 102–103) | — |
| B | Relatio | quod ... conssules verba fecerunt desiderio amicorum Lucili Africani clarissimi viri qui petunt ut ei permittatur ... nundinas ... instituere habere | F.LAT_QUOD_VERBA_FECIT |
| B.1 | Named relator(s) (Sherk modification #6: from Hadrian onward) | Publius Cassius Secundus, Publius Delphius Peregrinus, Alfius Alennius Maximus, Curtius Valerianus Proculus, Marcus Nonius Mucianus, conss(ules) — five consulares jointly named as relatores. This is the dossier's earliest example of Sherk modification #6 in action. | — |
| C.0 | Transition | quid fieri placeret de ea re ita censuerunt — the full Sherk modification #2 form (Bacchanalibus had only de ea re ita censuerunt) | F.LAT_QUID_DE_EA_RE_FIERI_PLACERET + F.LAT_DE_EA_RE_ITA_CENSUERUNT in immediate sequence (×2 instances of each) |
| C.1 | Decretum (the substantive grant) | permittendum Lucilio Africano clarissimo viro ... nundinas ... instituere et habere eo que vicinis advenis que nundinandi dumtaxat causa coire convenire sine iniuria et incommodo cuiusquam liceat | uses the permittendum gerundive — the Senate "decrees that it shall be permitted" |
| D | Date stamp (actum) | actum Idibus Octobribus Publio Cassio Secundo Marco Nonio Muciano (action completed on the same day; consular designation = the two principal relators serving as conss. suff.) | — |
| E.1 | Publication / redaction clause — two-bronze duplicate sealing | eodem exemplo de eadem re duae tabellae signatae sunt signatores + 8 named scribes (T. Flavius Cominus, C. Iulius Fortunatus, M. Caesius Helvius Euhelpistus, Q. Metilius Onesimus, C. Iulius Periblepti, L. Veratius Philero, T. Flavius Crescens) | — |
All six Sherk modifications are now visible side by side. Reading the three case-study slot tables together (case #1 → case #2 → case #3) gives the dossier's structural argument in one composite picture: every Republican slot persists; five new slot-types are added across the Imperial centuries; the formal apparatus expands without rupturing the genre's identity. The SC de Beguensis is the apparatus at its fullest — and its content (a market-rights grant for a private estate) is so administratively routine that it reveals exactly how heavy the formal apparatus had become by 138 CE. Sherk 六个修正现并列可见. 联合阅读三个案例研究的槽表 (案例 #1 → #2 → #3) 在一幅复合图中给出项目的结构论证: 每个共和槽持续存在; 五种新槽类型在帝国诸世纪间增加; 形式装置在不破坏类型身份的情况下扩展. SC de Beguensis 是装置最完整状态 — 其内容 (一私人地产的市集权利授予) 行政上如此例行公事, 恰好揭示了到公元 138 年时形式装置已变得多么沉重.
4. English translation4. 英文翻译
Heading. Senatus consultum concerning the markets at the saltus Beguensis in the Casensian territory, copied and verified from the Book of Sentences pronounced in the Senate during the consulship of Kanius Iunius Niger and Caius Pomponius Camerinus — in which were written the legal rights of the African [Lucilius Africanus] and the text written below.
Prescript. On the Ides of October [15 October], in the Comitium, in the Curia Iulia. For the redaction there were present: Quintus Gargilius son of Quintus, of the Quirina tribe, Antiquus; Tiberius Claudius son of Tiberius, of the Palatina tribe, Quartinus; Caius Oppius son of Caius, of the Velina tribe, Severus; Caius Herennius son of Caius, of the Palatina tribe, Caecilianus; Marcus Iulius son of Marcus, of the Quirina tribe, Clarus; Publius Cassius son of Publius, of the Claudia tribe, Dexter (quaestor); Publius Nonius son of Marcus, of the Oufentina tribe, Macrinus (quaestor). In the Senate there were 250 [senators].
Procedural notice. A senatus consultum made by division [per discessionem].
Relatio. Whereas Publius Cassius Secundus, Publius Delphius Peregrinus, Alfius Alennius Maximus, Curtius Valerianus Proculus, [and] Marcus Nonius Mucianus, consuls, made the speech, on the request of the friends of Lucilius Africanus, vir clarissimus, who ask that it be permitted to him in the province of Africa, in the Beguensian region, in the territory of the Musulamii at Casae [Beguenses], to institute and hold markets on the 4th day before the Nones of November [= 2 November] and the 12th day before the Kalends of December [= 20 November], and thereafter every month on the 4th day before the Nones and the 12th day before the Kalends of the respective month: what shall be done concerning this matter? Concerning this matter they so decreed:
Decretum. It shall be permitted to Lucilius Africanus, vir clarissimus, in the province of Africa, in the Beguensian region, in the territory of the Musulamii at Casae, to institute and hold markets on the 4th day before the Nones of November and the 12th day before the Kalends of December, and thereafter every month on the 4th day before the Nones and the 12th day before the Kalends of the respective month; and it shall be lawful for both neighbours and visitors to come together for the purpose of trading only, without injury or inconvenience to anyone.
Date stamp. Enacted on the Ides of October, in the consulships of Publius Cassius Secundus [and] Marcus Nonius Mucianus.
Redaction clause. By the same exemplum on the same matter two bronze tablets were sealed. Signators: Titus Flavius Cominus, scribe; Caius Iulius Fortunatus, scribe; Marcus Caesius Helvius Euhelpistus; Quintus Metilius Onesimus; Caius Iulius Periblepti; Lucius Veratius Philero; Titus Flavius Crescens.
[The same SC repeats in full on the second copy on the same bronze.]
5. Historical context — Lucilius Africanus and the nundinae of Beguensis5. 历史背景 — Lucilius Africanus 与 Beguensis 市集
Markets (nundinae) in the Roman world were not free-standing public events: they required formal authorisation, and from the late Republic onward the Senate had jurisdiction over their creation, especially when situated on private estates. The classic procedure — preserved best by Pliny Ep. 5.4 (on Sollers's failed petition for a market on his Vicetia estate) and by the SC de Beguensis — was for a senator (amicus) to petition the Senate on behalf of the landowner, who would themselves be petitioning to host the market on their private land. The Senate would deliberate and either grant or refuse the petition. 罗马世界的市集 (nundinae) 不是独立的公共事件: 它们需要正式授权, 共和晚期起元老院对其设立有管辖权, 尤其当位于私人地产之上时. 经典程序 — 由 Pliny Ep. 5.4 (关于 Sollers 在其 Vicetia 地产上设市的失败请愿) 与 SC de Beguensis 最好保存 — 是由一位元老 (amicus) 代表地主向元老院请愿, 地主自己也请愿在其私人土地上举办市集. 元老院审议后或允或拒.
The petitioner here is Lucilius Africanus, vir clarissimus (i.e. of senatorial rank), and his estate is the saltus Beguensis in the territory of the Musulamii — one of the major indigenous Berber-speaking groups of Africa proconsularis, the Romans' western neighbours of the kingdom of Numidia. The Musulamii territory had been a frequent site of unrest (Tacitus Ann. 2.52, 3.74, 4.23–24 records the Musulamian revolt under Tacfarinas in 17–24 CE) and had been progressively settled and pacified during the early 2nd century. By 138 CE it was integrated enough into the Roman administrative network that a private landowner could host bi-monthly markets in its heart. The dates chosen — 2 November and 20 November and the corresponding days of each month — give the markets a roughly biweekly cadence, consistent with the standard Roman nundinum cycle (an 8-day week, two markets giving a rhythm of approximately every two weeks). 此请愿人是 Lucilius Africanus, vir clarissimus (即元老级别), 其地产是 Musulamii 领土内的 saltus Beguensis — 非洲行省主要的本土柏柏尔语族群之一, 罗马人在 Numidia 王国的西邻. Musulamii 领土曾是骚乱常发地 (Tacitus Ann. 2.52, 3.74, 4.23–24 记录公元 17–24 年 Tacfarinas 领导的 Musulamii 反叛), 在公元 2 世纪早期被逐步定居和平定. 至公元 138 年, 已充分融入罗马行政网络, 以至私人地主可在其腹地举办双月市集. 所选日期 — 11 月 2 日与 11 月 20 日及每月对应日 — 给市集大致两周节奏, 与标准罗马 nundinum 周期 (8 天一周, 两次市集给出约两周节奏) 一致.
6. Scholarship synthesis6. 学术综合
Sherk 1970 — the Antonine SC as the genre's most-evolved form
"An examination of the senatus consulta from the age of Augustus onward shows that a number of changes had been made in the scheme presented above. … 6. After Hadrian (or Antoninus Pius) the name of the senator whose sententia was followed in the decree is given."
Sherk 1970, p. 60. Excerpted in dossier_workspace/excerpts_latin_sc.md §5.1.
The SC de Beguensis is the dossier's earliest example of Sherk modification #6 in action. Where the SC de Pisone Patre (case #2, 20 CE) was still pre-Hadrian and therefore did not name its proposer, this SC (138 CE) is the year of Hadrian's death and the start of Antoninus Pius's reign — the year Sherk's diachronic threshold becomes operational. The five named relatores (Cassius Secundus, Delphius Peregrinus, Alfius Alennius Maximus, Curtius Valerianus Proculus, Nonius Mucianus) are all consulares, jointly responsible for putting the petition. Reading this SC against the SCpP makes the Hadrianic transition concrete: the genre adds the named-proposer slot in the space of roughly two generations. SC de Beguensis 是项目 Sherk 修正 #6 运行的最早范例. SC de Pisone Patre (案例 #2, 公元 20 年) 仍处 Hadrian 之前, 因此不命名其提案人; 本 SC (公元 138 年) 是 Hadrian 卒年和 Antoninus Pius 即位之年 — Sherk 历时阈值变为运行之年. 五位命名 relatores (Cassius Secundus, Delphius Peregrinus, Alfius Alennius Maximus, Curtius Valerianus Proculus, Nonius Mucianus) 皆为 consulares, 共同负责提出请愿. 对比本 SC 与 SCpP 使 Hadrian 时期过渡具体化: 类型在大致两代时间内增加命名提案人槽.
Rizzi 2011 — the most focused monographic study
F. M. Rizzi 2011, "Il senatus consultum de nundinis saltus Beguensis e lo ius nundiarum nell'Africa romana" — present in the dossier's general knowledge folder (2011 rizzi il senatus consultum de nundinis saltus beguensis e lo ius nundiarum nell africa romana.pdf) but image-only and pending OCR per html_dossier_plan.md §2.4 and §6.2. When OCR'd, this article should yield the most direct quotable scholarship on this specific SC's legal-procedural and African-economic context. Until then, the case study's substantive commentary draws from Sherk 1970 (for the formulaic frame) and from the broader market-rights literature anchored in De Ligt 1993 (general nundinae procedure).
F. M. Rizzi 2011, "Il senatus consultum de nundinis saltus Beguensis e lo ius nundiarum nell'Africa romana" — 在项目 general knowledge 文件夹中 (2011 rizzi il senatus consultum de nundinis saltus beguensis e lo ius nundiarum nell africa romana.pdf) 但为图像形式, 待 OCR (见 html_dossier_plan.md §2.4 与 §6.2). OCR 后, 此文章应提供对本 SC 法律程序与非洲经济语境的最直接可引学术. 在此之前, 案例研究的实质性注释取自 Sherk 1970 (公式框架) 与 De Ligt 1993 锚定的更广市集权利文献.
Raggi & Buongiorno 2020 — the per discessionem procedure
"Le deliberazioni venivano assunte per singulorum sententias exquisitas, vale a dire interrogando i senatori in base a un ordine prestabilito (a grandi linee riconducibile alla rilevanza delle magistrature già rivestite), ovvero per discessionem. … Laddove fossero state pronunciate sententiae particolarmente distanti fra loro per orientamento, spettava al magistrato che dirigeva la seduta di giungere a una sintesi, mettendo ai voti le opinioni che avessero incontrato maggiore, provvisorio consenso fra i patres."
Raggi & Buongiorno 2020, p. 103. Excerpted in dossier_workspace/excerpts_latin_sc.md §5.4 / §5.5.
The SC de Beguensis explicitly identifies itself as per discessionem factum — voted by division (a quick yes/no count of senators moving to one side of the chamber or the other), as opposed to the slower per singulorum sententias exquisitas (questioning each senator in turn). This procedural notice is rare in the surviving SC corpus and is what makes the SC de Beguensis a unique documentary witness to Roman Senate voting procedure. The choice of per discessionem is consistent with the SC's character: the petition was uncontroversial, the consulares' joint relatio asked for a routine grant, the Senate voted yes by acclamation. SC de Beguensis 明确将自身标识为 per discessionem factum — 通过分票表决 (一次快速的是/否计数, 元老们移至议事厅一侧或另一侧), 与较慢的 per singulorum sententias exquisitas (依次询问每位元老) 相对. 此程序记录在现存 SC 语料中罕见, 是 SC de Beguensis 成为罗马元老院投票程序独特文献见证之原因. 选择 per discessionem 与 SC 的性质一致: 请愿无争议, consulares 的联合 relatio 要求例行授予, 元老院以欢呼方式通过.
The two-tablet doubling — SC archival redundancy
The SC's documented self-doubling (eodem exemplo de eadem re duae tabellae signatae sunt) is its most distinctive documentary feature. No other SC in the dossier corpus records its own duplicate-redaction procedure in this much detail. The natural reading is that the Senate's aerarium archive (the standard SC storage point in Rome) retained one copy, and the petitioner Lucilius Africanus received the other for posting at the estate where the markets were to be held — the bronze we have today is presumably the latter. The 8 named scribes who sealed both tablets are the institutional staff who connect the Senate's chancery to the provincial archives. This procedural footnote, recorded inside the SC text itself, is exactly the kind of documentary feature that Williamson 1987 (Monuments of Bronze) reads as constitutive of the SC genre's authority claim: the bronze is not just the SC's record but the SC's own self-documentation of how it was officially preserved. SC 文献化的自我加倍 (eodem exemplo de eadem re duae tabellae signatae sunt) 是其最独特的文献特征. 项目语料库中无其他 SC 如此详尽地记录其自身复制起草程序. 自然解读是元老院的 aerarium 档案 (罗马标准 SC 储存点) 保留一份副本, 请愿人 Lucilius Africanus 收到另一份, 用于在举办市集的地产上张贴 — 今天我们所有的青铜板想必是后者. 加盖两份的 8 位命名书记官是连接元老院文书与省级档案的机构人员. 此程序脚注, 记录于 SC 文本内部, 正是 Williamson 1987 (Monuments of Bronze) 读为构成 SC 类型权威主张之文献特征: 青铜板不仅是 SC 的记录, 而且是 SC 自身对其如何被正式保存的自我文献化.
7. Cross-references7. 互参
Within the formula dossier项目内
- Formula bank entries: F.LAT_SCRIBENDO_ADFUERUNT (×2 in this text) · F.LAT_DE_EA_RE_ITA_CENSUERUNT (×2) · F.LAT_QUID_DE_EA_RE_FIERI_PLACERET (×2, the full Sherk #2 extended form) · F.LAT_IN_SENATU_FUERUNT (×2) · F.LAT_QUOD_VERBA_FECIT.
- The complete diachronic arc in three case studies: #1 — SC de Bacchanalibus (186 BCE) → #2 — SC de Pisone patre (20 CE) → this case (138 CE). The 324-year span demonstrates the dossier's central diachronic claim.
- Cross-influence network: in the Cross-influence tab, this SC is one of the 123 bridge inscriptions; its F.LAT_SCRIBENDO_ADFUERUNT bridges to the Greek calque F.GRAFOMENON_PARESAN (Rhodes & Lewis 1997 ch. 6); its F.LAT_DE_EA_RE_ITA_CENSUERUNT bridges to F.PERI_TOUTOU_OUTOS_EDOXEN (Raggi & Buongiorno 2020 p. 108).
- Institution tree: the SC de Beguensis sits at roman:senatus_romanus; its Antonine-era subnode is undated in the M2 enrichment because EDCS doesn't carry the date metadata, but the 138 CE date is recoverable from the consular framing.
- Geography: pinned at Africa proconsularis (centroid 36.8 N, 10.2 E) — Casae Beguenses is at the territory's interior, in modern-day central Tunisia.
- Workbench Exercise 6: the lacunose-fragment exercise "SC de nundinis saltus Beguensis — transition formula" in ../restoration.html, targeting the canonical de ea re ita censuerunt + secondary target scribundo adfuerunt. The exercise pairs explicitly with Exercise 4 (SCpP scribendo) to show the 158-year diachronic stability of the witness-list formula.
To the wider epigraphic literature至更广文献
- Pliny, Ep. 5.4 and 5.13.7 — the literary parallel for a failed nundinae petition (Sollers vs the Vicetini). The Pliny letters give the literary side of what the SC de Beguensis gives the documentary side.
- SC Hosidianum / SC Volusianum (CIL X 1401) — the SC on the demolition of buildings, with its similar archival framing and notice in senatu fuerunt CCCLXXXII. The two SCs together constitute the dossier's main evidence for the SC genre's mid-imperial documentary apparatus.
- De Ligt, L. 1993. Fairs and Markets in the Roman Empire. Amsterdam: Gieben. The canonical study of the broader nundinae procedure.
8. Bibliography8. 参考文献
- Pliny the Younger, Ep. 5.4 and 5.13.7. (Literary parallel: a failed nundinae petition.)
- Raggi, A. & Buongiorno, P. 2020. Il senatus consultum de Plarasensibus et Aphrodisiensibus del 39 a.C.: pp. 102–103 (the SC procedural taxonomy). Münster: Acta Senatus.
- Rizzi, F. M. 2011. "Il senatus consultum de nundinis saltus Beguensis e lo ius nundiarum nell'Africa romana." (In the dossier
general knowledgefolder, image-only, pending OCR: 2011 rizzi il senatus consultum de nundinis saltus beguensis e lo ius nundiarum nell africa romana.pdf.) The most focused recent study. - Shaw, B. D. 1981. "Rural markets in North Africa and the political economy of the Roman Empire." Antiquités africaines 17: 37–83.
- Sherk, R. K. 1970. The Municipal Decrees of the Roman West. Arethusa Monographs III, Buffalo. (pp. 59–60: the six Imperial-era modifications, all six exemplified here for the first time in the dossier's SC sequence.)
- Williamson, C. 1987. "Monuments of bronze: Roman legal documents on bronze tablets." Classical Antiquity 6.1: 160–183. (Frames the SC as both record and self-documentation; relevant to the two-tablet doubling here.)
Bibliography audited (M18): only entries with a matching file in the dossier's local general-knowledge folder are retained. Foundational external editions (e.g. Inscriptiones Graecae, Reynolds 1982 Aphrodisias and Rome) are referenced in-line by inscription number where needed but not listed as bibliography items.
For the full thematic bibliography of all SC scholarship in the dossier, see dossier_workspace/general_knowledge_thematic.md Bucket 2.