Case Study #17 — The five Augustan Edicts of Cyrene + Senatus Consultum Calvisianum

Audited case study (M18 + M19.4).经审定的案例研究（M18 + M19.4）。 All Greek + commentary blocks below are下列希腊文与评注各段都是 verbatim text-layer extracts from Sherk & Viereck 1969 (the in-folder PDF取自 Sherk 与 Viereck 1969 的文本层摘录（文件夹内的 PDF 1969 Sherk Viereck Roman Documents…pdf). Bibliography lists only in-folder files. No invented quotes. Where multiple fragments are quoted, they are clearly demarcated.

1. Metadata1. 元数据

Source: Sherk 1969 No. 31 (five Augustan edicts + senatus consultum from Cyrene)
Date年代: 7/6 BCE – 4 BCE (the five edicts span the period; the SC dates to 4 BCE under the consulship of Gaius Calvisius and Lucius Passienus)
Period时期: Imperial (early Augustan)
Place地点: Cyrene (marble stele 2.05 m high, found in the agora, originally re-used as a bench facing the wall of a house — engraving was concealed for centuries before re-discovery)
Language语言: grc — Greek translation of underlying Latin Augustan edicts and senatus consultum
Evidentiary Profile: HT5/ET5/RT1

Evidentiary Profile HT5/ET5/RT1 (calibrated)（已校准）

HT5 — historical (significant-terms density)—— 历史维度（关键术语密度）

ET5 — epigraphic (preservation completeness)—— 铭文维度（保存完整度）

RT1 — restoration (editorial inferential density)—— 复原维度（编者推断密度）

Pristine marble stele preserved by accidental concealment (re-used as a bench facing inward); both engraving parts (Edicts I–IV; Edict V + SC) survive intact. Content density is extraordinarily high: named consuls, named magistrates, named provinces, sanction clauses, procedural-tax clauses, citizenship clauses. The case sits at the same rare HT5/ET5/RT1 corner as case #1 SC Bacchanalibus and case #3 SC Beguensis — content-rich AND pristine AND minimal restoration. Per Sherk 1969 (verbatim below): "the surface had been polished slightly" before the engraving, suggesting the engraver prepared the stele carefully; "Both parts were the work of the same engraver" indicates institutional coordination of the publication.一块因偶然被遮蔽而完好保存的大理石碑（被重新用作一条朝内的长凳）；两个铭刻部分（诏令 I–IV；诏令 V + 元老院决议）都完整存留。信息密度异常高：点名的执政官、点名的长官、点名的行省、制裁条款、程序性税务条款、公民权条款。本案例与案例 #1 SC Bacchanalibus、案例 #3 SC Beguensis 同处罕见的 HT5/ET5/RT1 角落——内容丰富、原物完好、复原极少。据 Sherk 1969（见下方逐字引文）：铭刻前“表面曾稍加打磨”，表明刻工细心地准备了石碑；“两部分出自同一刻工的手”表明此次公布在制度上经过协调。

↗ Preservation Typology Plan↗ 保存类型学方案 §16-17 ↗ Open the Evidentiary Profile tab↗ 打开“证据画像”标签页

2. Text + commentary (verbatim)

Greek text — Edict V opening + the SC Calvisianum reference (verbatim text-layer)Αὐτοκράτωρ Καῖσαρ Σεβαστὸς ἀρχιερεὺς μέγιστος δημαρχικῆς ἐξουσίας νννν ΙΘ νννννννν λέγει. vacat spatium unius versus Δόγμα συγκλήτου τὸ ἐπὶ Γαίου Καλουισίου καὶ Λευκίου Πασσιήνου ὑπάτων κυρωθὲν ἐμοῦ παρόντος καὶ συνεπιγραφομένου, ἀνῆκον δὲ εἰς τὴν τῶν τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Ῥωμαίων συμμάχων ἀσφάλειαν, ἵνα πᾶσιν ᾖ γνωστόν, ὧν κηδόμεθα, πέμπειν εἰς τὰς ἐπαρχίας διέγνων καὶ τῷ ἐμῷ προγράμματι ὑποτάσσειν…Source: Sherk 1969 No. 31, pp. 174–175 (verbatim text-layer extraction from the in-folder PDF 1969 Sherk Viereck Roman Documents from the Greek East_…pdf; line breaks reflect the inscription's engraving as Sherk presents it; the ν / νννν marks reproduce Sherk's vacat-notation for blank spaces left on the stone)

Sherk 1969 commentary (verbatim text-layer)Sherk 1969 评注（逐字，文本层）Sherk 1969, p. 174 (verbatim text-layer): "BRIEF ANALYSES… The fullest resume is the one by P. Romanelli, La Cirenaica Romana (Verbania, 1943), pp. 80–87." Sherk 1969, p. 174 (verbatim): "DESCRIPTION. Marble stele found in the agora of Cyrene (2.05 m. high, 0.70 m. wide at the bottom, 0.61 m. wide at the top, and 0.38 m. thick, complete on all sides). In modern times it was used as a bench on the outside of a house with its engraved surface turned toward the wall. The inscription was engraved in two parts. The first part, consisting of four edicts, is separated by one vacant line from the second, which contains the fifth edict and the senatus consultum. Both parts were engraved at the same time, however. A few centimeters below the last line (144) there is evidence that from there to the top of the stele the surface had been polished slightly. The letters (0.006–0.010 m.) are of an uneven size, sometimes crowded together and sometimes widely separated, those of the second part being slightly larger than those of the first. Both parts were the work of the same engraver. Very many vacant spaces were used not only to divide the text or set off certain words but also to serve as marks of punctuation and to avoid an incorrect division of syllables at the ends of lines. The engraver also seems to have sketched or drawn in the letters before he cut them, a practice that might account for several omissions and errors as the inscription is studied today." Sherk 1969 (verbatim, on the genre): "One unusual form of publication is seen in the fifth Augustan edict from Cyrene (No. 31), in which Augustus himself communicated a senatus consultum by means of the edict." Sherk 1969 (verbatim, on the substance): "in the third of the Cyrene Edicts (No. 31) Augustus orders (ll. 56–59) that those in Cyrene who have received Roman citizenship" are to fulfil certain liturgies and obligations… Sherk notes the broader fiscal machinery: "restrictions on the use of immunity in Cyrene; cf. M. I. Rostovtzeff, S.E.H.H.W., II (1941), 971–73" (Sherk 1969 p. 174, verbatim).Source: Sherk, R. K., & Viereck, P. (1969). Roman Documents from the Greek East. Baltimore. No. 31 entry, pp. 174–175 (verbatim text-layer extraction from the in-folder PDF). The fragments are individually verbatim from the indicated page region; the four blocks above are clearly demarcated as separate Sherk quotations rather than a single continuous passage.

3. Slot-by-slot decomposition3. 逐栏分解 (IMPERIAL EDICT genre)

The Imperial-edict formula bundle introduces new slots (F.AUTOKRATOR_SEBASTOS_LEGEI, the tribunicia-potestate dating tag, the imperial-presence formula). Edict V here EMBEDS the SC formula bundle (F.DOGMA_SYNGKLETOU + consular dating) inside its own — the dossier's clearest case of cross-genre nesting.

Slot	Function功能	Surface form表层形式	Formula UID公式编号 / note
1	Imperial-edict opening	Αὐτοκράτωρ Καῖσαρ Σεβαστὸς ἀρχιερεὺς μέγιστος δημαρχικῆς ἐξουσίας … λέγει	F.AUTOKRATOR_SEBASTOS_LEGEI — this is the dossier's closed-vocabulary formula UID for the imperial-edict opening; the Cyrene Edict V is the dossier's prime case study for this formula
2	Tribunician-power tag	δημαρχικῆς ἐξουσίας ΙΘ (= "tribunicia potestate 19" = 5/4 BCE)	Augustan-era dating-by-trib.pot. — a recurring Imperial slot for fixing the year of an imperial pronouncement
3	SC reference inside the edict	Δόγμα συγκλήτου τὸ ἐπὶ Γαίου Καλουισίου καὶ Λευκίου Πασσιήνου ὑπάτων κυρωθέν	F.DOGMA_SYNGKLETOU + consular dating clause — the edict embeds a SC by reference, dated by Roman consular pair
4	Imperial-presence formula	ἐμοῦ παρόντος καὶ συνεπιγραφομένου	"in my presence and with me as co-signatory" — diagnostic formula for Augustus's personal participation in a senatorial decree (= scribendo adfuerunt analogue, but elevated to imperial-level)
5	Publication-purpose clause	ἵνα πᾶσιν ᾖ γνωστόν	standard imperial promulgation-formula ("so that it be known to all") — the Greek translation of the Latin ut omnibus nota sit publication clause
6	Distribution-to-provinces clause	πέμπειν εἰς τὰς ἐπαρχίας διέγνων καὶ τῷ ἐμῷ προγράμματι ὑποτάσσειν	"I have determined to send (this) to the provinces and to subjoin it to my own edict" — the formula by which the imperial-edict + SC vehicle is distributed

4. Historical context4. 历史背景

The Cyrene stele (Sherk 1969 No. 31) is one of the dossier's most evidentially rich Imperial Latin/bilingual cases. The stele carries five Augustan edicts in Greek translation (Edict V dated 5/4 BCE by the tribunicia potestate XIX marker) + a senatus consultum of 4 BCE (the so-called SC Calvisianum, named for the consul Gaius Calvisius Sabinus). Per Sherk 1969 (verbatim above), "in the fifth Augustan edict from Cyrene (No. 31), Augustus himself communicated a senatus consultum by means of the edict" — the dossier's most direct case of the cross-genre bundling of imperial edict + senatorial decree into a single bureaucratic vehicle.昔兰尼石碑（Sherk 1969 第 31 号）是本文献集中证据最丰富的帝国拉丁／双语案例的其中一项。该石碑以希腊文译本载有奥古斯都的五道诏令（诏令 V 依“保民官权力第十九年”标记定于公元前 5/4 年）+ 一项公元前 4 年的元老院决议（所谓卡尔维西乌斯决议，以执政官盖乌斯·卡尔维西乌斯·萨比努斯命名）。据 Sherk 1969（见上方逐字引文），“在来自昔兰尼的第五道奥古斯都诏令（第 31 号）中，奥古斯都本人借诏令传达了一项元老院决议”——这是本文献集中帝国诏令 + 元老院决议跨文类捆绑进单一官僚载体的最直接案例。

For the formula dossier, this case study contributes three things:对公式文献集而言，本案例研究贡献了三点：

The first imperial-edict case — Edict V's opening formula Αὐτοκράτωρ Καῖσαρ Σεβαστὸς ἀρχιερεὺς μέγιστος δημαρχικῆς ἐξουσίας ΙΘ λέγει is the dossier's primary specimen of F.AUTOKRATOR_SEBASTOS_LEGEI (currently in the closed formula vocabulary as a stub).
The SC embedded in the edict — Edict V incorporates the SC Calvisianum verbatim, introduced by Δόγμα συγκλήτου (= F.DOGMA_SYNGKLETOU) and dated by consular pair. The case demonstrates the SC's formula bundle (cases #1–#5) being literally embedded inside the imperial-edict's formula bundle as a unit — the bundles operate as nesting containers, not as competing genres.
The Imperial bilingual axis — the underlying SC was issued at Rome in Latin; the Greek translation on the Cyrene stele is the surviving witness. The case joins cases #4 (SC Plarasensibus) and #5 (SC Asclepiade) as the dossier's third bilingual instance, but extended into the Imperial period — the bilingual bureaucratic machinery is now continuous from Republican to Imperial.

Paraphrase, not direct quotation:转述，非直引： the Evidentiary Profile HT5/ET5/RT1 places this case in the same rare top-right corner as SC Bacchanalibus and SC Beguensis — pristine marble stele preserved by accidental concealment, content-dense with named consuls + provinces + sanction clauses, minimal restoration. The Cyrene stele thus anchors the Imperial-Latin period at the same evidentiary-quality pole that the Republican-Latin period reaches with the bronze SC tablets.证据画像 HT5/ET5/RT1 把本案例置于与 SC Bacchanalibus、SC Beguensis 相同的罕见右上角——因偶然遮蔽而完好保存的大理石碑，内容密集（点名的执政官 + 行省 + 制裁条款），复原极少。昔兰尼石碑由此把帝国拉丁时期锚定在与共和拉丁时期凭青铜质元老院决议铜板所达到的同一证据质量高点。

5. Additional scholarship5. 补充学术文献

No additional verbatim scholarship quotes from the dossier's excerpts files apply to this case beyond the Sherk 1969 commentary already quoted in §2. (Per M18 no-fabrication policy.)除 §2 已引用的 Sherk 1969 评注外，本文献集摘录文件中没有其他适用于本案例的逐字学术引文。（依据 M18 无杜撰政策。）

6. Matrix-Hub companion edition (magalia.wiki)

⚜ The five Augustan Cyrene edicts + SC Calvisianum are also edited as a research-grade critical edition in the matrix-hub family on magalia.wiki.

The Cyrene Edicts of Augustus — interactive critical edition — verbatim Greek text + translation + apparatus + section commentary; the corpus's first Greek edition and an exemplar of the Augustan provincial-edict genre.
A Corpus of Roman Official Documents — the corpus-layer page situating Cyrene-edicts among 28 critical editions, 17 BC–AD 247.

7. Cross-references (within Formula Dossier)

F.AUTOKRATOR_SEBASTOS_LEGEI — Edict V is the dossier's primary specimen
F.DOGMA_SYNGKLETOU — embedded in Edict V
Case #1 SC de Bacchanalibus — the SC genre Edict V embeds
Case #4 SC de Plarasensibus — the bilingual Latin↔Greek axis this case extends into the Imperial period
Case #5 SC de Asclepiade — the bilingual axis comparison
Evidentiary Profile tab

7. Bibliography (in-folder files only)7. 参考文献（仅限文件夹内文件）

Sherk, R. K., & Viereck, P. (1969). Roman Documents from the Greek East: Senatus Consulta and Epistulae to the Age of Augustus. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins. No. 31 = the five Augustan edicts + SC Calvisianum from Cyrene, pp. 174–175 (entry head; full entry runs to p. ~181). In folder as 1969 Sherk Viereck Roman Documents from the Greek East_…pdf.
Lebek, W. D. (1999). "Das Senatus consultum de Cn. Pisone patre und Tacitus." ZPE 128: 183–211. In folder — for the SC genre comparison (SC Calvisianum is contemporary with the SC Hebana / Tabula Siarensis context that Lebek discusses).
Sherk, R. K. (1970). The Municipal Decrees of the Roman West. Arethusa Monographs III, Buffalo. In folder.
Lanfranchi, T. (2019). "Edicts and Decrees during the Republic: A Reappraisal." ZRG RA 136: 35–82. In folder — for the edict / decree genre distinction the case study foregrounds.
Raggi, A. & Buongiorno, P. (2020). Il senatus consultum de Plarasensibus et Aphrodisiensibus del 39 a.C. Münster: Acta Senatus. In folder — for the SC formula bundle that Edict V here embeds.

All entries point to in-folder PDFs. Sherk 1969's own citations to earlier scholarship (Premerstein, Romanelli, De Visscher, Riccobono, Sherwin-White, Ehrenberg-Jones, Lewis-Reinhold, Brunt, Bleicken, etc.) appear inside the verbatim commentary block in §2 but are not asserted as independently-verified bibliography per M18 policy.