籬廬 magaliaComposition family散文写作家族Compare grammar比较语法

TUTORIAL教程 03

Give a relative pronoun its own role给关系代词确定从句内的角色

The consul is the object of “love,” but the subject of “saved.” The relative pronoun must reflect the second role.执政官是“爱戴”的宾语,却是“拯救”的主语。关系代词的格须反映后一个角色。

Useful preparation:学习准备:Describe a noun and its possessor描述名词及其归属 · Set a background and introduce an event交代背景并引入事件

  1. 1 · Understand理解
  2. 2 · Write写作
  3. 3 · Compare比较
  4. 4 · Practise练习
Hover or focus to preview; click or tap to keep it open.悬停或聚焦查看;点击可保持打开。Word desk词语工作台

Understand and construct理解并组织

The citizens love the consul who saved the city.公民们爱戴那位拯救了城市的执政官。

Vocabulary词汇

  • cīvis, cīvis m./f.: citizen / 公民
  • amō, amāre: love / 爱戴
  • urbs, urbis f.: city / 城市
  • servō, servāre, servāvī: save / 拯救
  • quī, quae, quod: relative pronoun / 关系代词

Build the construction组织结构

  1. Write the main clause with cōnsulem as the object.主句以 cōnsulem 作宾语。
  2. Select masculine singular quī, but put it in the nominative because it does the saving.选择阳性单数 quī;它是拯救的施事,所以用主格。
  3. Use perfect indicative servāvit for the stated past event.既定的过去事件用完成时直陈式 servāvit。

Write your draft写下草稿

Your Latin and Greek attempts save separately in this browser.拉丁语及希腊语尝试分别保存在本浏览器中。

Compare your choices比较你的选择

Read one possible answer and its reasoning查看一种可能的例答及解释

Cīvēs cōnsulem amant quī urbem servāvit.

An indicative identifying clause is the task here. Purpose, characteristic, and reported relative clauses require later lessons.本题练习直陈式的识别性关系从句。目的、特征及间接引语中的关系从句留待后续教程。

This is an authored example; other answers may preserve the intended meaning and fit the context.此为编写示例;其他答案也可能保留预期意义,并符合语境。

Change one choice, then connect the choices改变一项选择,再把选择连接起来

Variation 1变化练习 1

Write: the citizens love the consul whom they saw.写:公民们爱戴他们见到的执政官。

Show a hint查看提示
Use accusative quem and perfect vīdērunt.用宾格 quem 及完成时 vīdērunt。
Compare with one possible answer与一种可能的答案比较

Cīvēs cōnsulem quem vīdērunt amant.

The relative is the object inside its clause; it is not automatically copied from the main role.关系词在从句内为宾语,其格由从句角色决定。

Variation 2变化练习 2

Write: the consul loves the citizens who saved the city.写:执政官爱戴拯救了城市的公民们。

Show a hint查看提示
Use nominative plural quī and servāvērunt.用主格复数 quī 及 servāvērunt。
Compare with one possible answer与一种可能的答案比较

Cōnsul cīvēs quī urbem servāvērunt amat.

The citizens are an object in the main clause but a subject in the relative clause.公民在主句为宾语,在关系从句为主语。

Variation 3变化练习 3

Replace the relative clause with a second sentence: the consul saved the city.用第二个句子代替关系从句:执政官拯救了城市。

Show a hint查看提示
Repeat cōnsul to keep the referent explicit.重复 cōnsul,以明示所指。
Compare with one possible answer与一种可能的答案比较

Cīvēs cōnsulem amant. Cōnsul urbem servāvit.

The event is now an independent assertion; the relative previously attached it to the consul phrase.事件现为独立断言;原关系从句把它附在执政官短语上。

Explain and revise解释并修订

Review your work检查你的写作

Read in context在语境中阅读

All ancient prose examples全部古代散文用例

Grammar references and review status语法参考及审阅状态

Original examples and explanations remain drafts pending independent language review.编写例答及解释仍为草案,等待独立语言审阅。

Keep or analyse a response elsewhere保存作答或送往其他工作区分析

Choose one response to export as a Syntax Studio source. Only that text is included; reflections and model answers stay outside this export. Import and a composition fork remain explicit actions in Cursus.选择一项作答,导出为 Syntax Studio 的源文本。只包含所选文本,不含反思或例答。在 Cursus 中,导入及建立写作分支仍须明确操作。