Read composition in ancient prose在古代散文中读懂写作

If any of you, judges, or of those present happens to wonder at me—who for so many years have conducted myself in cases and public trials in such a way that I have defended many and harmed no one—now suddenly changing my intention and turning to prosecution, that person, if he learns the cause and reasoning of my decision, will both approve what I am doing and surely consider that in this case no prosecutor should be preferred to me.诸位审判官，你们当中，或在场的人当中，倘若有人恰巧诧异：我这么多年来处理案件、参与公审，一向为许多人辩护而不曾伤害任何人，如今却突然改变意向，转而从事控告；那么，他若了解我的决定所据的缘由和考虑，便会既赞同我现在所做的事，也必定认为，在这个案件中，不应让任何控告者优先于我。

When I had served as quaestor in Sicily, judges, and had left that province in such a way that I left all the Sicilians a pleasant and lasting memory of my quaestorship and my name, it came about that they thought a protection for their fortunes had been established, principally in their many longstanding patrons, but to some extent also in me. Therefore now, all plundered and afflicted, they have often come to me publicly, so that I might undertake the case and defence of all their fortunes. They said that I had often promised and often made clear that, if a time arose at which they asked anything from me, I would not fail their interests.诸位审判官，我曾在西西里任财务官，离开该行省时，给所有西西里人留下了关于我的任职和名字的愉快而长久的记忆；于是他们认为，他们财产的保护，主要寄托在许多素来的庇护者身上，但也有相当一部分寄托在我身上。因此如今，他们全都遭到掠夺和侵害，多次以公众的名义来找我，请我承担他们全部财产所涉及的诉讼和辩护。他们说，我曾多次承诺，多次表明：若有一天他们需要向我提出请求，我不会不顾他们的利益。

There were only two routes by which they could leave home: one through the Sequani, narrow and difficult, between Mount Jura and the river Rhone, where carts could scarcely be driven one at a time; moreover, a very high mountain overhung it, so that very few men could easily stop them;从故土出发的道路总共只有两条：一条经过塞夸尼人的地区，在汝拉山与罗讷河之间，狭窄而难行，马车勉强只能一辆一辆通过；又有极高的山岭俯临其上，因此很少的人便能轻易阻住他们；

the other through our province, much easier and more convenient, because between the territory of the Helvetii and that of the Allobroges, who had recently been brought under control, the Rhone flows, and it is crossed by a ford in several places.另一条经过我们的行省，便利畅通得多，因为罗讷河流经赫尔维蒂人与阿洛布罗吉人的疆域之间，阿洛布罗吉人不久前已经被平服；河流在若干地方可以涉水而过。

When this had been reported to Caesar—that they were attempting to make their way through our province—he hastens to leave the city, presses on by the longest daily marches he can into Further Gaul, and reaches Geneva.凯撒得到消息，知道他们正在尝试穿过我们的行省行进，便赶紧离开罗马城，以尽可能长的每日行程奔赴山外高卢，并抵达日内瓦。

He orders as great a number of soldiers as possible from the entire province (there was only one legion in Further Gaul altogether), and orders the bridge which was at Geneva to be demolished.他向整个行省征调尽可能多的士兵（山外高卢当时总共只有一个军团），并命令拆毁日内瓦的桥。

I learned all these things when your meeting had scarcely yet broken up; I secured and strengthened my house with greater guards, and shut out those whom you had sent to greet me in the morning, since the very men had come whose arrival at my house at that time I had already foretold to many men of the highest standing. Since this is so, Catiline, go on where you began: leave the city at last; the gates stand open; depart. For too long those camps of Manlius, your camps, have been longing for you as their commander. Take out with you all your men too—or, if not all, as many as possible; clear the city. You will have freed me from a great fear, provided a wall stands between me and you. You cannot remain among us any longer; I shall not endure it, I shall not permit it, I shall not allow it.你的集会刚散，我就已经获知了这一切；我增加守卫，加强并巩固了自家的防备，挡住了你派来清晨向我问候的人；因为来的正是那些人，而我已向许多地位显赫的人预告过，他们会在那个时刻来到我家。事情既是如此，喀提林那，就沿着你已经开始的路继续走吧：终于离开这座城吧；城门敞开着；走吧。曼利乌斯的那些营地——你的营地——等着你来做统帅，已经等得太久了。还把你的所有同党一起带走吧；若不能全部，便尽可能多地带走；把这座城清理干净。只要你我之间隔着一道城墙，你就将使我摆脱巨大的恐惧。你已不能再留在我们中间；我不会忍受，不会容许，不会听任。

Darius and Parysatis have two sons: the elder Artaxerxes, the younger Cyrus. When Darius was ill and suspected that the end of his life was approaching, he wished both sons to be present.大流士与帕律萨提斯生有两个儿子，长子是阿尔塔薛西斯，幼子是居鲁士。大流士生病，料想自己的生命将尽，便希望两个儿子都在身边。

The elder happened to be present; but he summons Cyrus from the province of which he had made him satrap, and he had also appointed him general of all those who assemble in the plain of Castolus. Cyrus therefore goes up, taking Tissaphernes as a friend, and went up with three hundred Greek hoplites, with Xenias the Parrhasian as their commander.长子当时恰在场；他则从自己曾任命居鲁士为总督的行省召来居鲁士，也曾任命他统率所有在卡斯托洛斯平原集结的人。于是居鲁士带着提萨斐尔尼上来，把他当作朋友；他还带着三百名希腊重装步兵上来，由帕拉西亚人克塞尼阿斯统领他们。

When Darius died and Artaxerxes succeeded to the kingship, Tissaphernes accuses Cyrus to his brother of plotting against him. He believes this and arrests Cyrus with the intention of putting him to death; but their mother obtains his release and sends him back to his province.大流士死后，阿尔塔薛西斯继承王位，提萨斐尔尼向这位兄长诬告居鲁士，说他谋害兄长。兄长信了，逮捕居鲁士，打算处死他；母亲却请求放他出来，又把他送回行省。

Another army was being assembled for him in the Chersonese opposite Abydus in the following way. Clearchus was a Lacedaemonian exile; Cyrus met him, admired him, and gives him ten thousand darics. He took the gold, collected an army with this money, and, operating from the Chersonese, waged war on the Thracians living above the Hellespont and benefited the Greeks; consequently the Hellespontine cities also willingly contributed money to him for the maintenance of the soldiers. Thus this army too was being maintained for him without attracting notice.又有一支军队在阿比多斯对面的切尔索涅索斯为他集结，方式如下。克里阿尔库斯是流亡在外的拉栖代蒙人；居鲁士与他相识，赏识他，给他一万枚大流克金币。他收下金币，用这笔钱召集军队，以切尔索涅索斯为基地，与居住在赫勒斯滂上方的色雷斯人作战，使希腊人受益；因此赫勒斯滂诸城也自愿向他捐资，供养士兵。这样，这支军队也在不引人注意的情况下为居鲁士得到供养。

Aristippus the Thessalian happened to be his guest-friend. Pressed by his opponents at home, he comes to Cyrus and asks him for about two thousand mercenaries and three months’ pay, expecting thereby to get the better of his opponents. Cyrus gives him about four thousand and six months’ pay, and asks him not to reach a settlement with his opponents before consulting Cyrus. Thus again the army in Thessaly was being maintained for him without attracting notice.色萨利人阿里斯提普斯恰是他的宾友。他受到本乡政敌的压迫，来到居鲁士面前，请求给他大约两千名雇佣兵和三个月的军饷，认为这样便能压倒政敌。居鲁士给他大约四千名兵员和六个月的军饷，并要求他在与自己商议以前，不要先与政敌和解。这样，色萨利的军队也在不引人注意的情况下为他得到供养。

Soldiers, do not be surprised that I take the present situation badly. For Cyrus became my guest-friend, and while I was in exile from my homeland he honoured me in other ways and gave me ten thousand darics. I received them and did not put them aside for my own private use or spend them on luxurious enjoyment; instead I spent them on you.诸位士兵，我对眼前的处境感到难受，你们不要为此诧异。居鲁士与我结为宾客之交；我流亡、离开故乡时，他除给予其他礼遇外，还给了我一万枚大流克金币。我收下这笔钱，没有存作自己的私用，也没有用它享受奢华，而是花在你们身上。

First I fought against the Thracians, and together with you I took vengeance on behalf of Greece, driving them out of the Chersonese when they wished to take the land from the Greeks living there. When Cyrus summoned me, I took you and set out, so that, if he needed anything, I might help him in return for the benefits I had received from him.起初，我与色雷斯人作战，同你们一起为希腊复仇，把那些企图夺取当地希腊居民土地的人逐出切尔索尼斯。后来居鲁士召我，我便带着你们出发，以便他若有任何需要，我能帮助他，报答他对我的恩惠。

But since you do not wish to continue marching with me, I must either betray you and keep Cyrus’s friendship, or prove false to him and remain with you. Whether I shall act justly I do not know; nevertheless I shall choose you, and with you I shall suffer whatever is necessary. No one will ever say that, after bringing Greeks among the barbarians, I betrayed the Greeks and chose the friendship of the barbarians—但既然你们不愿继续同我行军，我就必须二选其一：背弃你们而保有居鲁士的友谊，或者对他失信而与你们在一起。我的做法是否公正，我不知道；不过我会选择你们，与你们一起承受任何必须承受的事。绝不会有人说，我把希腊人带到异族人中间，却背弃希腊人而选择异族人的友谊——

Rather, since you do not wish to obey me, I shall follow with you and suffer whatever is necessary. For I consider you my homeland, my friends and my allies, and I think that with you I should be honoured wherever I may be; without you, I do not think I should be able either to help a friend or to defend myself against an enemy. So make your decision on the understanding that I shall go wherever you too go.相反，既然你们不愿听从我，我就将跟随你们，承受任何必须承受的事。我把你们看作我的故乡、朋友和盟友；我认为，与你们在一起，无论身在何处，我都会受到尊重；失去你们，我认为自己既不能帮助朋友，也不能抵御敌人。因此，请你们按这样的理解作出决定：你们去哪里，我也去哪里。

Know well, then, that you, being as many as have now assembled, have a very great opportunity. For all these soldiers look to you: if they see you disheartened, they will all become cowardly; but if you are visibly preparing against the enemies and encourage the others, know well that they will follow you and try to imitate you.那么，你们要清楚：如今集合在这里的这些人，掌握着极大的时机。因为所有这些士兵都注视着你们；如果他们看见你们灰心，他们就全都会怯懦；但如果你们自己明显在准备对付敌人，并鼓励其他人，你们要清楚，他们就会跟随你们，并力求效法你们。

Perhaps it is also just that you should be somewhat better than them. For you are generals, you are commanders of regiments and companies; and when there was peace, you had an advantage over them in money and honours. Now, then, since there is war, you ought to demand of yourselves that you be better than the mass of men, plan for them and undertake hardship on their behalf, wherever it is necessary.你们也应比他们更优秀一些；这或许合乎公正。因为你们是将军，是部队和连队的指挥官；和平时期，你们在钱财及荣誉上都比他们优厚。那么如今，既然发生战争，你们就应要求自己比一般士兵更优秀，为他们筹划，为他们承担劳苦，只要有需要便如此。

And now, first, I think you would greatly benefit the army if you took care that generals and company commanders were appointed as quickly as possible to replace those who have been lost. For without commanders nothing fine or good could occur, to put it briefly, anywhere, and in matters of war especially. For good order seems to preserve people, whereas disorder has already destroyed many.现在，首先，我认为，如果你们用心使新的将军和连队指挥官尽快接替那些已经失去的人，便会对军队大有益处。因为没有指挥者，无论在哪里——简言之——都不可能产生任何美好之事，在战争事务上尤其如此。良好的秩序似乎能保全人，而混乱已经毁掉了许多人。

Perhaps one of you might reply: “But, Socrates, what is your activity? Where have these accusations against you come from? Surely this widespread report and talk would not have arisen while you did nothing more unusual than others, unless you were doing something different from most people. So tell us what it is, so that we may not improvise judgments about you.” The person saying this seems to me to speak justly, and I shall try to show you what it is that has brought me both the reputation and the accusation. Listen, then. Perhaps some of you will think I am joking; know well, however, that I shall tell you the whole truth. For, men of Athens, I have acquired this reputation for no other reason than a certain wisdom. What sort of wisdom is that? Perhaps it is human wisdom; for I really do seem likely to be wise in this. Those whom I was just mentioning might be wise in a wisdom greater than human, or I do not know what to say. For I certainly do not understand it; anyone who says I do is lying and speaking to accuse me. And, men of Athens, do not make a disturbance, even if I seem to you to say something great. For the account I shall give is not my own; I shall refer it to a speaker whom you consider worthy of trust. As witness to my wisdom—if indeed it is wisdom, and of what sort—I shall offer you the god at Delphi. You know Chaerephon, I suppose.你们中也许有人会回应：“苏格拉底，你究竟做什么？这些针对你的诬告从哪里来？如果你所做的没有比别人特别之处，而你也没有做与多数人不同的事，当然不会产生这么广泛的传闻和议论。所以告诉我们究竟是什么，免得我们任意猜测你。”我认为这样说的人说得有道理；我也将努力向你们说明，究竟什么使我获得了名声，也招来了诬告。那么，请听着。你们有些人也许会以为我在开玩笑，但你们要清楚，我会告诉你们全部真相。雅典诸位公民，我获得这个名声，没有别的缘由，只因某种智慧。究竟是哪种智慧呢？或许就是人的智慧；我似乎确实在这一点上有智慧。而我刚才提到的那些人，或许具有超出人的某种更大的智慧，否则我不知道该怎么说。我确实不懂那种智慧；谁说我懂，就是在说谎，并为诬告我而说话。雅典诸位公民，即使我似乎说了什么大话，也请不要喧哗。我将说的这番话不是我自己的，而会把它归于一个你们认为可信的说话者。关于我的智慧（倘若它确实是智慧，以及它究竟如何），我将以德尔斐的神为你们的见证。你们大概认识凯瑞丰。

He was my companion from youth and a companion of your democratic body; he shared your exile and returned with you. You know what Chaerephon was like, how impetuous he was in whatever he undertook. Once he went to Delphi and dared to put this question to the oracle—and, as I say, do not make a disturbance, men—he asked whether anyone was wiser than I. The Pythia answered that no one was wiser. His brother here will testify to you about this, since Chaerephon has died.此人从年轻时就是我的伙伴，也是你们民主派的伙伴；他与你们一同流亡，又与你们一同返回。你们知道凯瑞丰是怎样的人：无论着手做什么，他都很热切。有一次，他前往德尔斐，竟然向神谕提出了这个问题（诸位，正如我所说，请不要喧哗）：他问是否有人比我更有智慧。皮提亚答复说，没有人更有智慧。他的兄弟如今就在这里，会为此向你们作证，因为凯瑞丰已经去世。