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TUTORIAL教程 04

State an intention表达行动的目的

Describe the action first, then its intended goal. A purpose is not a claim that the goal has already been achieved.先描述行动，再说明所求的目标。表达目的并不宣称目标已经实现。

Useful preparation:学习准备：Set a background and introduce an event交代背景并引入事件 · Address a command to its audience向明确的听众发出指令

  1. 1 · Understand理解
  2. 2 · Write写作
  3. 3 · Compare比较
  4. 4 · Practise练习
Hover or focus to preview; click or tap to keep it open.悬停或聚焦查看；点击可保持打开。Word desk词语工作台

Understand and construct理解并组织

The soldiers are taking up arms in order to defend the city.士兵们拿起武器，以保卫城市。

Vocabulary词汇

  • arma, -ōrum n. plural: arms / 武器
  • capiō, capere: take / 拿起
  • dēfendō, dēfendere: defend / 保卫
  • ut: in order that / 为了
  • nē: in order that not / 以免

Build the construction组织结构

  1. Start with present indicative capiunt.主句从现在时直陈式 capiunt 开始。
  2. Introduce the goal with ut.用 ut 引出目的。
  3. Use present subjunctive dēfendant after this primary main tense.在这一主要时态之后使用现在时虚拟式 dēfendant。

Explore meanings and constructions查读词义及搭配

armacăpĭocăpĭodē-fendoutnē

Write your draft写下草稿

Your Latin and Greek attempts save separately in this browser.拉丁语及希腊语尝试分别保存在本浏览器中。

Compare your choices比较你的选择

Read one possible answer and its reasoning查看一种可能的例答及解释

Mīlitēs arma capiunt ut urbem dēfendant.

ut plus a subjunctive is the chosen construction. A bare infinitive is not a general replacement for an English “to” phrase; other Latin purpose constructions have their own conditions.ut 加虚拟式是本题所选结构。不定式不能普遍替代英语的 to 短语；其他拉丁目的表达方式各有条件。

This is an authored example; other answers may preserve the intended meaning and fit the context.此为编写示例；其他答案也可能保留预期意义，并符合语境。

Change one choice, then connect the choices改变一项选择，再把选择连接起来

Variation 1变化练习 1

Make the soldiers one soldier.把士兵改为一名士兵。

Show a hint查看提示
Use sūmit and dēfendat.用 sūmit 及 dēfendat。
Compare with one possible answer与一种可能的答案比较

Mīles arma sūmit ut urbem dēfendat.

Both the main and purpose subjects are now singular.主句及目的从句的主语现均为单数。

Variation 2变化练习 2

Move the action into the past.把行动移至过去。

Show a hint查看提示
Use perfect sūmpsērunt and imperfect subjunctive dēfenderent.用完成时 sūmpsērunt 及未完成虚拟式 dēfenderent。
Compare with one possible answer与一种可能的答案比较

Mīlitēs arma sūmpsērunt ut urbem dēfenderent.

The purpose clause follows the past main event with imperfect subjunctive.目的从句用未完成虚拟式跟随过去主句事件。

Variation 3变化练习 3

Write a negative purpose: the soldiers take up arms so that the enemy may not capture the city.写否定目的：士兵们拿起武器，以免敌人攻占城市。

Show a hint查看提示
Use nē and subjunctive capiant.用 nē 及虚拟式 capiant。
Compare with one possible answer与一种可能的答案比较

Mīlitēs arma sūmunt nē hostēs urbem capiant.

Nē introduces the intended prevention; it does not assert that capture has occurred.Nē 引入所欲避免之事，不断言攻占已经发生。

Explain and revise解释并修订

Review your work检查你的写作

Read in context在语境中阅读

Explain a change of role before asking to be heard先解释角色改变，再请求听众认可

Cicero, Divinatio in Caecilium · 1–2

All ancient prose examples全部古代散文用例

Grammar references and review status语法参考及审阅状态

Original examples and explanations remain drafts pending independent language review.编写例答及解释仍为草案，等待独立语言审阅。

Keep or analyse a response elsewhere保存作答或送往其他工作区分析

Choose one response to export as a Syntax Studio source. Only that text is included; reflections and model answers stay outside this export. Import and a composition fork remain explicit actions in Cursus.选择一项作答，导出为 Syntax Studio 的源文本。只包含所选文本，不含反思或例答。在 Cursus 中，导入及建立写作分支仍须明确操作。