Each marker is an expedition on a time axis (note the long gap after Hatshepsut, 15th c. BC). Colour = exchange system. Click to inspect · scroll sideways if labels run off the edge.
Places as nodes (size = how many routes touch them), voyage-legs as edges. Hubs and gateways emerge (Pillars, Gades, Carthage, Myos Hormos). Drag nodes; click to inspect.
How lost/embedded explorers survive inside host authors. Left = the lost voice; right = the surviving mediator; link colour = the mediator's stance. Click a link for the passage.
Explorer × ancient author. Cell colour = whether litdat holds the text (green=full text, teal=PDF, amber=partial, grey=absent/fragmentary). Click a cell for loci & passages.
Transmission — each lost explorer-text survives inside a host author; edge colour = how the host treats it (relay / relay-doubt / refute / sever). ○ explorer · ▢ host · ◇ excerptor (Photios) · ✶ meta-critic (Lucian). Click a node to see every text it touches; ⚡ lights the irony chain.
论点：纪实文类（史学、地理学、自然志）在抵达化外之地（τὰ ἔσχατα）时遭遇建构性极限：可核验性归零，而“画全 οἰκουμένη”的完整性义务并未消失。作者遂以四值接收姿态（采信 · 存疑 · 驳斥 · 归因切割）管理风险，用“归因”把“说谎却宣称真实”暂时缝住；琉善（Verae Historiae）从体裁外部戏仿，揭穿这道缝。但这一极限亦有产出：为不留白而犯的险，使一批报告连同奇观（θαῦμα）一同留存，其价值须以真值（truth-valency）衡量：守金格里芬或系金矿层的原角龙化石，掘金蚁或系翻土的旱獭，马尔提科拉藏虎、独角驴藏犀。琉善一刀切的判词，遂也粗暴地摒除了可能仍具参考价值的信息。Thesis: when the documentary genres (history, geography, natural inquiry) reach the barbarian beyond (τὰ ἔσχατα) they meet a constructive limit: verifiability drops to zero, yet the completeness-duty of drawing the whole οἰκουμένη does not lapse. Authors manage the risk with a four-value reception repertoire (relay · doubt · refute · attribution-severing), using attribution to suture “lying while claiming truth”; Lucian (Verae Historiae) parodies the whole from outside the genre and exposes that seam. But the limit is also productive: the risk run so as not to leave a blank keeps a body of reports in circulation alongside their marvels (θαῦμα), whose worth appears only when measured for truth-valency: the gold-guarding griffin may trace to Protoceratops fossils in the goldfields, the gold-digging ants to marmots throwing up earth, the manticore conceals a tiger and the one-horned ass a rhinoceros. Lucian’s blanket verdict thus also crudely discards information that may still carry value.
Credibility — each dot is one host reading one explorer. Across: eye-witness (autopsy) → hearsay → marvel. Down: believed → doubted → refuted/severed. The paradox (◎): Patrocles' autopsy of the Caspian was factually WRONG while Herodotus' armchair guess was right — autopsy ≠ truth. Click a dot to read the passage.
真值谱系 · 冒险的产出Truth-Valency Spectrum · the payoff of risk
被琉善一概斥为谎言的奇观，未必尽属编造。以真值衡量，其中若干藏着可核的内核：古代记述在左，近世指认在右。古代 locus 已逐字亲核；现代指认属科学史／接收史判断，一律以“近世或以为”出之，非古人自指。The marvels Lucian would dismiss wholesale are not all fabrication. Measured for truth-valency, several conceal a verifiable kernel: the ancient report on the left, the modern identification on the right. The ancient loci are verbatim-checked; the modern identifications belong to the history of science and of reception — given throughout as “modern scholarship has argued”, never as an ancient self-identification.