籬廬 magalia · Chronology spine编年脊柱 · Event历史事件

The Year of the Four Emperors 四帝之年

69 CE · Roman Imperial

The accounts记述 · the ancient witnesses

Greek historians · 希腊史家
Cassius Dio — Roman History (卡西乌斯·狄奥·罗马史)
dated witness · 系年见证54 loci · well-attested
§ 63.26–29, 64.1–22
Josephus — Works (Antiquities · Wars · Apion · Life) (约瑟夫斯·著作(古史·战争·驳阿庇翁·自传))
dated witness · 系年见证27 loci · well-attested
§ 4.491–656, 5.1–21
Roman historians · 罗马史家
Suetonius — Lives of the Caesars (苏维托尼乌斯·罗马十二帝王传)
primary source · 源典54 loci · well-attested
§ Gal.1–23, Oth.1–12, Tit.5–5, Vit.1–18
Lives of Galba, Otho, Vitellius伽尔巴、奥托、维特里乌斯传
Tacitus — Annals & Histories (塔西佗·编年史与历史)
primary source · 源典
the Histories, Books 1–3《历史》卷一至三

Provenance: “primary source” = curated canonical witness (editorial); “dated witness” = derived from the ToposText date index by year-span, with the matched loci count. Sparse counts may include incidental mentions.出处:「源典」为校订之正典见证(编辑判断);「系年见证」由 ToposText 系年索引按年代跨度推得,附匹配条目数;稀少者或含偶涉。

Key figures关键人物

Galba 伽尔巴 3 BCE–69 CE Otho 奥托 32 CE–69 CE Vitellius 维特里乌斯 15 CE–69 CE Vespasian 韦斯帕芗 9 CE–79 CE

Modern scholarship现代学术 · dated citations (verified against the cited page)

corroborates · 69 CECAH X — Bowman (ed.), The Augustan Empire, 43 BC–AD 69 (2nd ed.) p.19
“closes at the end of A.D. 69, more than a year after the death of Nero, the last of the Julio-Claudian emperors. His successors, Galba, Otho and Vitellius had ruled briefly”

Related events相关事件

The First Jewish–Roman War

On the timeline时间轴上

See this and all 17 historians on the chronology spine于编年脊柱上一览本事件与全部 17 位史家