The Verrine manuscripts · 维雷斯演说抄本

Witnesses

26 sourced witnesses · 6 digitised · 10 carry the Divinatio · 26 of 26 shown

V ancient witness no Divinatio

Vatican, BAV, Reg. lat. 2077

Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana · s. iii/iv · Reeve §n. 64, 2.2.0

Extent: ii.1 §§105-114, 119-130, 137-139, 142-148, 150-153, 158; iv §§6-9, 16-19; v §§71-72, 80-85, 94-99, 104-109, 114-119, 120-136

Divinatio — evidence: Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii) and Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros IV-V: Peterson lists V's contents exhaustively and they are confined to Act. II books 1, 4 and 5. Supersedes the earlier 'unknown', which rested on Reeve n. 64 ('I do not know whether the passage in question is legible in the palimpsest V') — a statement about one passage, not about the codex's extent.

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'V = fragmenta Palimpsesti Vaticani (Reginensis 2077) saecl. iii/iv'

viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗

Π ancient witness part of the Divinatio papyrus

Manchester, John Rylands Library, P.Ryl. III 477

John Rylands Library · s. v

Extent: Div. Caec. §§33-37, 44-46 — very fragmentary

Divinatio — evidence: Watson 2025 (Cambridge), Sigla codicum p. 56 gives the contained sections explicitly; it is the ONLY witness that gives any of the Divinatio in a pre-medieval form.

RESTORED 2026-08-24. Struck earlier the same day as a fabrication because the shipped table called it 'the Picenum palimpsest'. The NAME was invented — it is a papyrus, not a palimpsest, and Picenum is nothing to do with it — but the witness, the fifth-century date, the independent status and the attribution to Watson 2025 were all real.

Papyrus bifolium in half uncial, later emended, glossed and annotated in Latin and Greek by four further hands. Purchased 1920, provenance unknown (probably Egypt). Ed. C. H. Roberts (1938) 72-77; also Calderini (1945), Cavenaile (1958); Watson collates from Roberts because the digital reproduction will not support a fresh collation. At §44 preserves a reading otherwise unattested, which Watson says 'may suggest that the French and Italian families shared an archetype'.

Authority

Watson 2025 (Cambridge), Sigla codicum p. 56: 'Π Mancuniensis P.Ryl. III 477, s. v (continens §§33–37, 44–46)'

C French family no Divinatio

Cluniacensis 498, nunc Holkhamicus 387

formerly Holkham Hall · s. ix · Reeve §1.2

Extent: ii.2 §§1-30, 112-117, 157-183 (Peterson's contents list)

Divinatio — evidence: Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: contents are ii.2 only

Reeve's Appendix 1 gives C as B. L. Add. 47679 + Geneva Lat. 169, s. ix(1) — very probably the same book under its modern location; NOT reconciled here.

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'C = Cluniacensis 498, nunc Holkhamicus 387, saecl. ix'

D French family has the Divinatio

Paris, BnF, Latin 7823

Bibliotheque nationale de France · s. xv (BnF: 1401-1500) · Reeve §1.1

Extent: the seven speeches; II 4 and II 5 wholly wanting (BnF: 'quartus et quintus integri desiderantur')

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 2016 cites D at Caecil. 1.2 and 55.20; Reeve 1.1 on the omission of 'id' at Caecil. 15.27

Watson 2025: Parisinus 7823, s. xv ineuntis

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'D = Parisinus 7823, ineunte saecl. xv e cod. S nondum mutilato descriptus' — copied from S before S lost its opening.

Authority

Reeve 2016, Appendix 1: 'Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7823 (D): section 1.1, n. 95'; Reeve 24: Peterson 'chiefly used D' for the text up to II 1.90

viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗

E French family no Divinatio

Berlin, SBB, Lat. 2o 252

Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin · s. xii · Reeve §1.2

Extent: excerpts from In Verrem II 3-4

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 1.2: excerpts from II 3-4

⚠ SAME LETTER, DIFFERENT MANUSCRIPT. Peterson: the Erfurtensis (Reeve: Berlin Lat. 2o 252). Watson: Escorialensis R.I.2, s. xiv.

Watson 2025: Escorialensis R.I.2, s. xiv

Peterson's name for it is the Erfurtensis; Reeve's Appendix 1 gives the shelfmark Berlin Lat. 2o 252.

Authority

Reeve 2016, 1.2: 'E (Berlin Lat. 2o 252, s. xii)' | Peterson OCT 1917 praefatio: 'Erfurtensem (E) ex Harleiano 2682 (H) descriptum esse' — E = the Erfurtensis, which Clark derived from H. E is not in Peterson's three sigla lists; it is used for the excerpts.

G French family has the Divinatio group

(G3 = the editors' siglum for a consensus)

Reeve §1.1

Divinatio — evidence: inherited from G1/G2

Watson 2025: Guelferbytanus Weissenburgensis 41, s. xv (= Peterson's G2)

Refined: G is not simply 'the agreement of G1 and G2'. Peterson records G3 as EARLIER EDITORS' siglum, and its membership CHANGES BY SECTION (G1G2L in the earlier books, RG₁G₂L in iv-v). Bare 'G' in the dossier apparatus is not defined in Peterson's conspectus and needs a reader.

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'Siglo G3 consensum codicum G1G2L significaverunt editores'; Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros IV-V: 'RG₁G₂L = G3'

G1 French family has the Divinatio

Wolfenbuttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf. 265.2 Extravagantes

Herzog August Bibliothek · s. xv · Reeve §1.1

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 1.1: G1 restores Caecil. 65.16-66.23 from the Italian family

Authority

Reeve 2016, 24, equation printed: 'G1 = Wolfenbuttel Extrav. 265.2' | CONFIRMED by Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'G1 = Guelferbytanus (2652, Extravagantium) ad finem saecl. xv scriptus. Huius codicis gemellus est Parisinus 7822, scriptus anno 1471'

not located at diglib.hab.de/mss/265-2-extrav/

G2 French family has the Divinatio

Wolfenbuttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf. 41 Weissenburg

Herzog August Bibliothek · s. xv · Reeve §1.1

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 1.1: Peterson reports the omission of 'id' from G2 L K Z at Caecil. 15.27

Authority

Reeve 2016, 24, equation printed: 'G2 = Wolfenbuttel Weissenburg 41' | CONFIRMED by Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'G2 = Guelferbytanus (41 Weissenburgensium) saecl. xv'

viewer ↗

H French family no Divinatio

London, BL, Harley 2682

British Library · s. xi · Reeve §1.2

Extent: excerpts: iii §§1-10, and excerpts in iv-v

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 1.2: H carries excerpts from II 3-4 only

⚠ SAME LETTER, DIFFERENT MANUSCRIPT. Peterson: Harleianus 2682, excerpts (Reeve agrees). Watson: Parisinus 16674.

Watson 2025: Parisinus 16674, s. xiv/xv

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'H = Excerpta quae exstant in codice Harleiano 2682, olim Coloniensi Basilicano' (init. lib. iii, §§1-10); Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros IV-V: 'H = Excerpta ... saecl. xi'

BL viewer unavailable since the 2023 cyber-attack

K French family has the Divinatio

London, BL, Harley 4105

British Library · a. 1462 · Reeve §1.1

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 1.1: 'id' omitted from G2 L K Z at Caecil. 15.27

Authority

Reeve 2016, 24, equation printed: 'K = B. L. Harl. 4105 (a. 1462)'

BL viewer returns 'not found/unavailable' since the 2023 cyber-attack

L French family has the Divinatio

Leiden, UB, Periz. F 12

Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden · Reeve §1.1

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 1.1: 'id' omitted from G2 L K Z at Caecil. 15.27

Authority

Reeve 2016, 24, equation printed: 'L = Leiden Periz. F 12'

O French family no Divinatio

Lagomarsinianus 42 = Florence, Bad. 2618 (79)

Florence · s. xv · Reeve §1.2

Divinatio — evidence: copied from C, whose contents are ii.2

Not a collision: Lagomarsinianus 42 = Flor. Bad. 2618 (79) = Laur. Conv. Sopp. 79 are one book under three names.

Watson 2025: Laurentianus Conv. Sopp. 79, s. xiv/xv

O1 = corrections importing vulgate readings from the pi family (Peterson).

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'O = Lagomarsinianus 42, saecl. xv, Flor. Bad. 2618 (79), e cod. Cluniacensi nondum mutilato descriptus'. Reeve's Appendix 1 lists Florence Laur. Conv. Soppr. 79 (= Lag. 42) at both 1.2 and 2.2, so its affiliation is not simple.

R French family no Divinatio

Paris, BnF, Latin 7774A

Bibliotheque nationale de France · s. ix(1), Tours · Reeve §1.1

Extent: In Verrem II 4-5 only

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 2016, 22; BnF catalogue title 'in Verrem orationes quarta et quinta'; autopsy of f. 1r

Authority

Reeve 2016, 22: 'R (Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7774A, s. ix1) has kept only II 4-5'

viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗

S French family no Divinatio

Paris, BnF, Latin 7775

Bibliotheque nationale de France · s. xiii (Peterson and BnF); s. xii (Reeve) · Reeve §1.1

Extent: In Verrem II 1.90-111 and II 3-5; opening of II 3 lost

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 2016, 22; BnF catalogue title 'orationes in Verrem tertia, quarta et quinta'

⚠ Peterson 'Parisinus 7775, saecl. xiii' agrees with Gallica (1201-1300) against Reeve's s. xii. Two against one, but not adjudicated here.

Authority

Reeve 2016, 22: 'its descendant S (Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7775, s. xii) has also kept II 1.90-111'

viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗

Z French family has the Divinatio

London, BL, Harley 4852

British Library · Reeve §1.1

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 1.1: 'id' omitted from G2 L K Z at Caecil. 15.27

Authority

Reeve 2016, 24, equation printed: 'Z = B. L. Harl. 4852'

BL viewer unavailable since the 2023 cyber-attack

c French family no Divinatio reconstruction

(the lost parts of C, as recoverable from N, F, M)

Reeve §1.2

Divinatio — evidence: C's contents are ii.2

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'c = eiusdem codicis partes deperditae'

s French family not established

codex S. Stephani

Reeve §1.1

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): listed among the S-family, 's = codex S. Stephani'

λ French family not established

codex Lambini

Reeve §1.1

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): listed among the S-family, 'λ = codex Lambini'

b Italian family not established

Venice, cod. S. Marci 255

Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana (per Peterson) · s. xv · Reeve §2.2.1.3.2

Extent: desinit in fine Actionis Secundae lib. ii

⚠ SAME LETTER, DIFFERENT MANUSCRIPT. Peterson: cod. S. Marci 255. Reeve: Florence Naz. Conv. Soppr. J IV 4. Watson: Bononiensis 2232. ALL THREE DIFFER.

Watson 2025: Bononiensis 2232, anni 1419

PREVIOUSLY WRONG HERE: filed as Florence, BNC, Conv. Soppr. J IV 4, which is Reeve's (b), not the b of the apparatus this dossier follows.

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'b = cod. S. Marci 255, saecl. xv. Desinit in fine Actionis Secundae Lib. ii'

k Italian family not established

Paris, BnF, Latin 4588 (Peterson) / 4588A (Reeve)

Bibliotheque nationale de France · s. xiii · Reeve §2.1

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'k = Parisinus 4588, saecl. xiii'

Reeve n. 3 lists it as being in Gallica; no Verrine record found under 'Latin 4588A' or 'Latin 4588 A' (checked 2026-08-22)

p Italian family has the Divinatio

Paris, BnF, Latin 7776

Bibliotheque nationale de France · s. xi (Peterson); s. xiii (old catalogue per Reeve; BnF 1201-1300) · Reeve §2.1

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve cites p at Caecil. 1.2, 8.25, 15.26, 44.17-18, 55.20

Watson 2025: Parisinus 7776, s. xi (Peterson's lower-case p)

⚠ Peterson dates p to the 11th century, Reeve reports the old catalogue's 13th and Gallica agrees. Unresolved; all three recorded.

Authority

Reeve 2016, Appendix 1: 'Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7776 (p): section 2.1'; section 2.1 is 'THE ITALIAN FAMILY (I): P AND ITS RELATIVES'

viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗

q Italian family has the Divinatio

Florence, BML, Plut. 48.29

Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana · s. xv · Reeve §2.1

Divinatio — evidence: Italian family; Reeve cites q in the Divinatio apparatus

Authority

Reeve 2016, Appendix 1: 'Florence Laur. Plut. 48.29 (q): section 2.1'; Reeve: 'Alongside p Peterson used not only Laur. 48.29 (s. xv), which he called q'

Laurenziana Teca is HTTP-only, has no IIIF, and its search backend times out

r Italian family has the Divinatio

London, BL, Harley 2687

British Library · Reeve §2.1

Divinatio — evidence: Italian family; cited in the Divinatio apparatus

⚠ SAME LETTER, DIFFERENT MANUSCRIPT. Peterson: Harleianus 2687 (Reeve agrees). Watson: Florentinus Riccardianus 499.

Watson 2025: Florentinus Riccardianus 499, c. 1425-1427

Authority

Reeve 2016, Appendix 1: 'London B. L. Harl. 2687 (r): section 2.1'

BL viewer unavailable since the 2023 cyber-attack

F family not established not established

codex Fabricianus (so called)

⚠ SAME LETTER, DIFFERENT MANUSCRIPT. Peterson: codex Fabricianus, a source for restoring the lost parts of C. Watson (and Reeve): Laurentianus Strozzianus 44.

Watson 2025: Laurentianus Strozzianus 44, c. 1405

PREVIOUSLY WRONG HERE: filed as Laur. Strozzi 44, which is Reeve's (F). Peterson's F is the Fabricianus, one of three codices used to restore the lost parts of C.

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'c = eiusdem codicis partes deperditae, in quantum ex Nanniano (N), Fabriciano (F), Metelliano (M), quos vocant, codicibus restitui possunt'

Laurenziana Teca unusable; see q

M family not established not established

codex Metellianus (so called)

⚠ SAME LETTER, DIFFERENT MANUSCRIPT. Peterson: codex Metellianus, likewise. Watson (and Reeve): Mutinensis Lat. 328.

Watson 2025: Mutinensis Lat. 328, c. 1400

PREVIOUSLY WRONG HERE: filed as Modena Est. Lat. 328, which is Reeve's (M).

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: same note as F — 'Metelliano (M)'

N family not established not established

codex Nannianus (so called)

⚠ SAME LETTER, DIFFERENT MANUSCRIPT. Peterson: codex Nannianus, likewise. Watson: Parisinus 16226.

Watson 2025: Parisinus 16226, s. xiv/xv

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'Nanniano (N)' — one of three codices from which the lost parts of C are restored

Group sigla

Peterson's French-family consensus is Ψ; Watson's is γ. The witness table that shipped on this site until 2026-08-24 called γ the Italian family — wrong in Watson's system, and meaningless in Peterson's, who never uses γ.

Symbol	Means	Family	Authority
γ	Watson's consensus of the six French witnesses he collates: E t D G N H ⚠ The witness table that shipped until 2026-08-24 called γ the ITALIAN family. That is wrong in Watson's system and meaningless in Peterson's, who does not use γ at all. Peterson's French-family consensus is Ψ.	french	Watson 2025 (Cambridge), Sigla codicum p. 56: 'γ Consensus codicum EtDGNH'
Ψ	Peterson's siglum for the agreement of all or most codices of the S-family (= the French family)	french	Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'Nos omnium vel plurimorum in hoc genere codicum conspirationem nota Ψ indicavimus'; Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros IV-V: 'Hos omnis communi, ut antea, siglo insignivi Ψ'
δ	codices deteriores — the inferior manuscripts from which the early printed vulgate text was constituted	italian	Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'δ = deteriores, e.g. Lagomarsiniani (Lgg.) et ceteri omnes e quibus initio constitutus est textus in libros impressos receptus'; Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'δ = codices deteriores'
π	consensus codicum pqr	italian	Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'π = consensus codicum pqr'
G3	earlier editors' siglum for a consensus: G1G2L in the earlier books, RG₁G₂L in iv-v	french	Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii) and Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros IV-V
ϛ	Watson's consensus of a l b r	italian	Watson 2025 (Cambridge), Sigla codicum p. 56: 'ϛ Consensus codicum albr'
ω	fons codicum — the archetype	—	Watson 2025 (Cambridge), Sigla codicum p. 56: 'ω Fons codicum'
G (bare)	NOT a siglum. Peterson never prints a bare G.	french	Peterson OCT 1917 subscripts every G: the conspectus defines G1 = Guelferbytanus (2652, Extravagantium) and G2 = Guelferbytanus (41 Weissenburgensium), and G3 is the earlier editors' consensus siglum. The apparatus bears this out — at Div. Caec. 5 Peterson prints '1 videor et prG1 : video me et DΨ', and at line 26 of the same page 'lenitate DG12'. Read from the page image (PDF p. 29), because pdftotext drops subscripts and renders G1 as 'G,'.

Sigla concordance

The same letter denotes different manuscripts in different editions. 7 letters collide between Peterson and Watson — shaded below — and b differs in all three. The magalia apparatus is Peterson's, so Peterson governs what a siglum here denotes; Reeve governs family assignment; Watson governs the Divinatio.

Siglum	Peterson 1917 · this apparatus	Reeve 2016	Watson 2025
V	Vatican, BAV, Reg. lat. 2077	Vatican Reg. lat. 2077	—
C	Cluniacensis 498, nunc Holkhamicus 387	BL Add. 47679 + Geneva Lat. 169, s. ix¹	—
D	Paris, BnF, Latin 7823	Paris BnF Lat. 7823	Parisinus 7823, s. xv ineuntis
E	Berlin, SBB, Lat. 2o 252	Berlin Lat. 2° 252, s. xii	Escorialensis R.I.2, s. xiv
G	(G3 = the editors' siglum for a consensus)	—	Guelferbytanus Weissenburgensis 41, s. xv (= Peterson's G2)
G1	Wolfenbuttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf. 265.2 Extravagantes	Wolfenbüttel Extrav. 265.2	—
G2	Wolfenbuttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf. 41 Weissenburg	Wolfenbüttel Weissenburg 41	—
H	London, BL, Harley 2682	BL Harl. 2682, s. xi	Parisinus 16674, s. xiv/xv
K	London, BL, Harley 4105	BL Harl. 4105	—
L	Leiden, UB, Periz. F 12	Leiden Periz. F 12	—
O	Lagomarsinianus 42 = Florence, Bad. 2618 (79)	Laur. Conv. Soppr. 79	Laurentianus Conv. Sopp. 79, s. xiv/xv
R	Paris, BnF, Latin 7774A	Paris BnF Lat. 7774A, s. ix¹	—
S	Paris, BnF, Latin 7775	Paris BnF Lat. 7775, s. xii	—
Z	London, BL, Harley 4852	BL Harl. 4852	—
b	Venice, cod. S. Marci 255	Florence Naz. Conv. Soppr. J IV 4	Bononiensis 2232, anni 1419
k	Paris, BnF, Latin 4588 (Peterson) / 4588A (Reeve)	Paris BnF Lat. 4588A	—
p	Paris, BnF, Latin 7776	Paris BnF Lat. 7776	Parisinus 7776, s. xi (Peterson's lower-case p)
q	Florence, BML, Plut. 48.29	Laur. Plut. 48.29, s. xv	—
r	London, BL, Harley 2687	BL Harl. 2687	Florentinus Riccardianus 499, c. 1425-1427
F	codex Fabricianus (so called)	Laur. Strozzi 44	Laurentianus Strozzianus 44, c. 1405
M	codex Metellianus (so called)	Modena Est. Lat. 328	Mutinensis Lat. 328, c. 1400
N	codex Nannianus (so called)	—	Parisinus 16226, s. xiv/xv

Evidence

Peterson's three sigla lists, photographed from the 1917 Oxford text, because an OCR text layer loses the subscripts that carry the meaning — G₁ and G₂ are different manuscripts, and plain text renders both as “G,”. Peterson 1917 is in the public domain.

Reeve 2016 and Watson 2025 are not reproduced here. Reeve's article carries no licence grant of any kind, and Watson's volume carries an explicit Cambridge University Press notice that no part may be reproduced without written permission. Their sigla appear above as facts, which are not copyrightable; their pages do not.

Sigla per libros priores (1 of 2) — the S-family, and Ψ defined

Sigla per libros priores (2 of 2) — p q r π b, and δ = deteriores

Sigla per libros IV–V — Ψ again, and RG₁G₂L = G³

Div. Caec. 5, apparatus: “videor et prG₁ : video me et DΨ” — Peterson subscripts every G

Struck as fabricated

Recorded rather than quietly deleted, so the removal is auditable.

Siglum	Shipped as	Why removed
Y	'(hypothetical) Cod. Y'	Not a siglum in Reeve's Appendix 1; no shelfmark; unsourceable.
P	'Codex Parisinus', s. xi-xii	Generic; no shelfmark; not in Reeve's siglum index.