Cicero · Corpus & Law · 演说与法律

Compare speeches, legal instruments and cited evidence. · 对照演说、法律文献与所引证据。

The court and its connections维雷斯案的人事网络

A prosecution for extortion is a contest between two sets of connections. This page maps 28 parties and 39 ties in the trial of Verres, and marks each one by the kind of evidence it rests on: what Cicero says in a speech he needs to win, what Plutarch reports a century and a half later, what the extortion statute says on bronze, what the stone record of the Sicilian communities shows, and what only modern argument supplies. Choose a kind of evidence and the map thins out accordingly.勒索案的控告,是两套人际关系之间的较量。本页把维雷斯一案中的 28 方与 39 条关系画成一图,并标明每一条关系所据者为何:西塞罗在一场他必须打赢的诉讼中所说的话、普鲁塔克在一百五十年后的记述、刻在铜版上的勒索罪法、西西里诸城的石刻,以及惟今人考辨方能补足者。择定一种证据,图即随之而疏。

The map关系图

Five columns: Sicily, the prosecution, the court, the defence, and Rome at large. A solid line is a collaborative tie, a dashed red line an adversarial one. Choose any party or any line to see what carries it.全图分五列:西西里、控方、法庭、辩方,以及罗马全局。实线为协同之谊,红色虚线为对立之势。点选任一方或任一线,即见其所本。

    Sources of this figure. Cicero, Divinatio in Q. Caecilium and In C. Verrem, Perseus phi0474.phi004 and phi0474.phi005; Plutarch, Cicero 7-8, Perseus tlg0007.tlg055; Pseudo-Asconius, Argumentum Divinationis, ed. T. Stangl, Ciceronis orationum scholiastae II (Vienna 1912); modern argument from the records of this trial's evidence register, each cited with its file and page. Every line on the figure opens on the passage that carries it.本图所本。西塞罗《控凯基利乌斯预审篇》与《控维雷斯》,Perseus phi0474.phi004phi0474.phi005;普鲁塔克《西塞罗传》七至八,Perseus tlg0007.tlg055;伪阿斯科尼乌斯《预审篇提要》,斯坦格尔编《西塞罗演说古注集》第二卷(维也纳 1912 年);今人之辨则出自本案证据登录簿,各注其文件与页码。图中每一条线,皆可点开其所据之原文。

    What stood in the way所遇之阻

    The institutions a prosecutor had to get through, each in the form it takes in this case. None of them is neutral machinery: every one of them can be used by whoever holds the office that year.控告人所必须穿过的诸制度,各按其在本案中的形态列出。此中并无中立之器械:凡此每一项,当年握其职者皆可用之。

    The order of events事之先后

    The sequence as the speeches give it, with dates only where a modern reconstruction supplies them and says on what it depends.以演说所述之次序排列;惟今人考订并自陈其所据者,方系以日月。

      Sources of this sequence. The order is the speeches' own; dates appear only where a modern reconstruction supplies one and states what it depends on. Each step carries the passage or the record it rests on.本表所本。次序出自演说本身;惟今人考订并自陈所据者,方系以日月。每一步皆附其所据之原文或记录。

      The communities, and the stone record诸城与石刻

      Cicero's Sicily is a list of cities with grievances. I.Sicily is 4,784 inscriptions from the same island. Set side by side, the two disagree about which communities matter: the cities that fill the speeches are not the cities that fill the stones, and almost none of the stones is as early as the trial.西塞罗笔下的西西里,是一串各有冤情的城名。I.Sicily 则是同一岛上 4,784 件石刻。两相对照,其所重者并不相同:充满演说的诸城,并非充满石刻的诸城;而石刻中年代早及本案者,几乎没有。

      CommunityNamed in the Verrines见于《控维雷斯》 Inscriptions in I.SicilyI.Sicily 石刻数Of those, republican其中属共和时期者

      Sources of this table. Mentions counted from Perseus phi0474.phi005, 974 sections, by the ancient and ethnic forms the speeches actually use; inscriptions and their dates from I.Sicily (Inscriptions of Sicily), the EpiDoc corpus, origPlace and origDate. Community names link to the section where the speeches first name them.本表所本。提及之数,取自 Perseus phi0474.phi005 共 974 节,按演说中实际所用的古名与族称统计;石刻之数及其年代取自 I.Sicily 西西里石刻集成(EpiDoc),用其 origPlaceorigDate 两项。城名可链至演说首次提及该城之节。

      A count of inscriptions counts what survives and has been published. Republican here means only that the midpoint of I.Sicily's own notBefore and notAfter falls before 30 BC, which is the coarsest reading those fields allow.石刻之数,所计者为传世且已刊布者。此处所谓共和时期,仅指 I.Sicily 自记的起讫年代取中点而在公元前 30 年以前,此为该字段所容许的最粗之法。

      What the sources do not settle史料所未定者

      Six questions on which the speeches and the biographers give out, and where the answer is a modern argument. The records are the 15 the trial dossier already holds, with the page each was read on.演说与传记于以下六事皆有所穷,其答案出于今人之辨。所引凡 15 条,皆本案卷宗已收之记录,并具其所读之页。

      Not held here本站所无

      The words these ties are made of结此诸谊之词

      The vocabulary of obligation, as the Divinatio uses it. Counts are for that speech alone, from its counted word table; choose a word to open its entry there.名分之词,依《预审篇》之用法列出。所记频次仅就该篇而言,出自其词表;点选一词,即开其条。

      Method and sources方法与出处

      What is on the page. 28 parties, 39 ties, 58 quotations (46 from the speeches, 6 from Plutarch), 15 records of modern argument, and 25 Sicilian communities.本页所载。凡 28 方、39 条关系、58 条引文(其中 46 条出自演说,6 条出自普鲁塔克)、15 条今人考辨的记录,以及 25 个西西里城。

      Text. The Latin is Perseus phi0474.phi004 and phi0474.phi005, the Greek tlg0007.tlg055, through this library's teaching corpus. Each quotation is cut out of that text at build time by an anchor phrase: nothing quoted here was typed into the data file, and an anchor that is not in the text fails the build.底本。拉丁文用 Perseus phi0474.phi004phi0474.phi005,希腊文用 tlg0007.tlg055,皆经本站教学语料库。每条引文皆于生成时按锚句自原文截出:此处所引无一由人手录入数据文件;锚句若不见于原文,则生成失败。

      Modern argument. Every scholarly record is one already in this trial's evidence register, which records the file, the page and how the quotation was checked. The page shows the register's own words, not a paraphrase.今人之辨。凡所引考辨,皆已在本案证据登录簿之中,簿内记其文件、页码及核对之法。本页所示为登录簿之原文,非转述。

      Stone. I.Sicily, 4,784 EpiDoc files on disk; place from origPlace, date from origDate. The build refuses any community that the Verrines do not name.石刻。I.Sicily,本地存 4,784 件 EpiDoc 文件;地名取自 origPlace,年代取自 origDate。凡《控维雷斯》未提之城,生成时即予剔除。

      What a tie is. Most of the lines on this map exist because Cicero says so, in a speech whose object is to have Verres convicted and Caecilius kept out. That does not make them false; it makes them one party's account, and the map marks them as such rather than flattening them into fact.何谓一条关系。图中多数连线之所以存在,是因为西塞罗如此说,而他说这话的那篇演说,目的正在于把维雷斯定罪、把凯基利乌斯挡在门外。此非谓其言必伪,而是说那是一造之词;本图即以此标之,不将其平铺为事实。

      Build. scripts/build_verrines_network_page.py from _data/verrines-network.json, _data/verrines-epigraphy.json (written by scripts/analyze_verrines_epigraphy.py) and the trial's own evidence register. The page asserts nothing those files do not carry.生成。scripts/build_verrines_network_page.py_data/verrines-network.json_data/verrines-epigraphy.json(由 scripts/analyze_verrines_epigraphy.py 写成)及本案证据登录簿生成。凡此三者所无,本页概不称说。