TRIAL · 诉讼
Gabinius · subsequent conviction加比尼乌斯 · 后案定罪
54 BCE公元前54年Defence advocate辩护人Conviction reported据报定罪
How to assess this result如何评估此结果 magalia’s description本站描述
Dio reports conviction with Cicero as counsel. The earlier letter anticipates this repetundae proceeding; the two trials end differently, in acquittal and then conviction.狄奥记有西塞罗辩护而仍定罪。早信已预见此勒索案；两次诉讼结局不同，先获释，后定罪。
Dio’s account of bribery and popular pressure is his explanation; his account of Cicero’s role at the earlier trial is challenged by the contemporary letters.贿赂与民众压力为狄奥之解释；其对首案西塞罗角色的描述受到同期书信挑战。
What this establishes about precedent判例问题：证据能说明什么
No adopted general rule established by the assembled evidence.现有证据未能确立法庭采纳了一般规则。
Evidence and its surroundings证据及其上下文
Gabinius: a second proceeding ends differently加比尼乌斯：另案结局相反
Before the selection选段之前
The preceding chapter discusses the restoration of Ptolemy and the first trial. These are separate proceedings, not successive votes in one trial.前章讨论复位托勒密与第一次审判；两者是分别的诉讼，不能读成一场审判先后两次投票。
Read the preceding original context阅读前文原文 (2)
39.62.2συχναῖς πάνυ ἡμέραις μὴ τολμῆσαι φανῆναι. τὰ μὲν οὖν ἐγκλήματα πολλὰ ἦν, καὶ κατηγόρους οὐκ ὀλίγους εἶχε. πρῶτον δʼ οὖν περὶ τῆς τοῦ Πτολεμαίου καθόδου, ἅτε καὶ μεγίστου, ἐδικάσθη. καὶ ὅ γε δῆμος σύμπας ὡς εἰπεῖν πρός τε τὸ δικαστήριον συνερρύη καὶ διασπάσασθαι πολλάκις αὐτὸν ἠθέλησεν, ἄλλως τε καὶ ὅτι οὔθʼ ὁ Πομπήιος παρῆν καὶ ὁ Κικέρων δεινότατα αὐτοῦ κατηγόρησεν.Source unit XML · 来源单元39.62.3οὕτω δὲ αὐτῶν διακειμένων ὅμως ἀφείθη· αὐτός τε γάρ, ἅτε ἐπὶ τηλικούτοις κρινόμενος, παμπληθῆ χρήματα ἀνάλωσε, καὶ οἱ τοῦ Πομπηίου τοῦ τε Καίσαρος ἑταῖροι προθυμότατα αὐτῷ συνήραντο, λέγοντες ἄλλον τέ τινα καιρὸν καὶ ἄλλον βασιλέα πρὸς τῆς Σιβύλλης εἰρῆσθαι, καὶ τὸ μέγιστον ὅτι μηδεμία τῶν πραχθέντων τιμωρία ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν αὐτῆς ἐνεγέγραπτο.Edition notes (1)版本注记（1）
- o(/mws a)fei/qh Rk., a)fei/qh L.
Selected original passage所选原文
39.63.1ὁ δʼ οὖν δῆμος ὀλίγου μὲν καὶ τοὺς δικαστὰς ἀπέκτεινε, διαφυγόντων δὲ αὐτῶν ἐπετήρει τὰ λοιπὰ αὐτοῦ ἐγκλήματα, καὶ ἐποίησεν ἐπʼ ἐκείνοιςSource unit XML · 来源单元39.63.2γοῦν αὐτὸν ἁλῶναι. οἱ γὰρ λαχόντες περὶ αὐτῶν κρῖναι, τό τε πλῆθος ἅμα φοβηθέντες καὶ μηδὲν μέγα παρὰ τοῦ Γαβινίου εὑρόμενοι (ὡς γὰρ ἐπί τε βραχυτέροις εὐθυνόμενος καὶ προσδοκῶν καὶ τότε κρατήσειν οὐ πολλὰ ἐδαπάνησἐ κατεψηφίσαντο αὐτοῦ, καίτοι τοῦ τε Πομπηίου πλησίον ὄντος καὶ τοῦ Κικέρωνος συναγορεύοντος αὐτῷ.Edition notes (2)版本注记（2）
- w(s *bk., o(\ L.
- sunagoreu/ontos Xyl., a)goreu/ontos L.
39.63.3ὁ γὰρ Πομπήιος κατὰ τὴν τοῦ σίτου πρόνοιαν, ἐπειδὴ πολὺς ὑπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ διέφθαρτο, ἐκδημήσας ὥρμησε μὲν ὡς καὶ ἐς τὸ πρότερον δικα- στήριον ἀπαντήσων (ἐν γὰρ τῇ Ἰταλίᾳ ἦνʼ, ὑστερήσας δὲ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἀπεχώρησεν ἐκ τοῦSource unit XML · 来源单元39.63.4προαστείου πρὶν καὶ ἐκεῖνο τελεσθῆναι. καὶ μέντοι καὶ τοῦ δήμου ἔξω τοῦ πωμηρίου (τὴν γὰρ ἀρχὴν ἤδη τὴν τοῦ ἀνθυπάτου ἔχων οὐκ ἠδυνήθη ἐς τὴν πόλιν ἐσελθεῖνʼ ἀθροισθέντος πολλὰ ὑπὲρ τοῦ Γαβινίου ἐδημηγόρησε, καὶ γράμματά τέ τινα παρὰ τοῦ Καίσαρος πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ πεμφθένταSource unit XML · 来源单元39.63.5ἀνέγνω, καὶ τοὺς δικαστὰς ἱκέτευσε, τόν τε Κικέρωνα οὐχ ὅπως κατηγορῆσαι ἔτʼ αὐτοῦ ἐκώλυσεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπερδικῆσαι ἔπεισεν, ὥστε καὶ ἐκ τούτου τὸ τοῦ αὐτομόλου ἔγκλημα καὶ ὄνομα ἐπὶ πλεῖόν οἱ αὐξηθῆναι. οὐ μέντοι καὶ ὠφέλησέ τι τὸν Γαβίνιον, ἀλλὰ τότε μὲν ἔφυγεν ἁλούς, ὥσπερ εἶπον, ὕστερον δʼ ὑπὸ τοῦ Καίσαρος κατήχθη.Edition notes (1)版本注记（1）
- e)/peisen Reim., kai\ e)/peisen L.
Editorial summary编辑摘要
After an earlier acquittal, Dio reports conviction on the remaining charges, with Cicero now supporting Gabinius. He also reports exile and a later restoration by Caesar.在此前开释之后，狄奥记其因余下指控被定罪，西塞罗此时支持加比尼乌斯；又记其流亡及后来由凯撒召回。
After the selection选段之后
Dio explains the reversal through public anger, payments and Pompey’s influence, before turning to Julia’s death. These explanations are Dio’s.狄奥以民愤、钱款与庞培影响解释反转，继而转向尤利娅之死；这些因果说法出自狄奥。
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39.64.1ἐν δὲ τῷ αὐτῷ τούτῳ χρόνῳ καὶ ἡ τοῦ Πομπηίου γυνὴ θυγάτριόν τι τεκοῦσα ἀπέθανε· καὶ αὐτήν, εἴτε διαπραξαμένων τῶν τε ἐκείνου καὶ τῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος φίλων, ἢ καὶ ἄλλως πως χαρίσασθαί τινες αὐτοῖς ἐθελήσαντες συνήρπασαν, ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα τῶν ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ ἐπαίνων ἔτυχε, καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἀρείῳ πεδίῳ ἔθαψαν, καίτοι τοῦ Δομιτίου ἀνθισταμένου καὶ λέγοντος ἄλλα τε καὶ ὅτι οὐχ ὁσίως ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τόπῳ ἄνευ τινὸς ψηφίσματος θάπτοιτο.Source unit XML · 来源单元Dio’s description of Cicero as an accuser in the first trial needs comparison with Q. fr. 3.4.1–2 and 3.9.1, where Cicero denies taking the prosecution and describes himself as a witness.狄奥称西塞罗在首案控告，须与 Q. fr. 3.4.1—2、3.9.1 对读：西塞罗否认自己承任起诉，并称自己作证。
Edition, reuse and extraction版本、复用与提取
Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University; Cassius Dio. Dio's Roman History, Vols. 3-6. Cary, Earnest, editor. London: William Heinemann; New York, NY: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1914-1917.
Perseus repository · 语料库 · CC BY-SA 4.0
Whitespace normalized; notes separated; deletions ⟦ ⟧ and additions/supplements ⟨ ⟩ marked; gaps explicit; no ancient wording supplied.
An acquittal Cicero resents西塞罗不满的一次开释
Before the selection选段之前
This letter opens with news of the first verdict. Cicero’s hostility gives access to contemporary reception of an unwelcome result.此信开头即报首案结果。西塞罗的敌意让我们得见时人如何理解不合己意的裁决。
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Selected original passage所选原文
3.4.1Gabinius absolutus est. omnino nihil accusatore Lentulo subscriptoribusque eius infantius, nihil illo consilio sordidius. sed tamen nisi incredibilis contentio, preces Pompei, dictaturae etiam rumor plenus timoris fuisset, ipsi Lentulo non respondisset, qui tamen illo accusatore illoque consilio sententiis condemnatus sit xxxii cum lxx tulissent est omnino tam gravi fama hoc iudicium ut videatur reliquis iudiciis periturus et maxime de pecuniis repetundis. sed vides nullam esse rem publicam, nullum senatum, nulla iudicia, nullam in ullo nostrum dignitatem. quid plura de iudicibus? duo praetorii sederunt, Domitius Calvinus (is aperte absolvit ut omnes viderent) et Cato (is diribitis tabellis de circulo se subduxit et Pompeio primus nuntiavit). aiunt non nulli ut Sallustius me oportuisse accusare.Source unit XML · 来源单元3.4.2his ego iudicibus committerem? quid essem, si me agente esset elapsus? sed me alia moverunt non putasset sibi Pompeius de illius salute sed de sua dignitate mecum esse certamen ; in urbem introisset ; ad inimicitias res venisset ; cum Aesernino Samnite Pacideianus comparatus viderer ; auriculam fortasse mordicus abstulisset, cum Clodio quidem certe redisset in gratiam. ego vero meum consilium, si praesertim tu non improbas, vehementer adprobo. ille cum a me singularibus meis studiis ornatus esset cumque ego illi nihil deberem, ille mihi omnia, tamen in re publica me a se dissentientem non tulit (nihil dicam gravius) et minus potens eo tempore quid in me florentem posset ostendit ; nunc cum ego ne curem quidem multum posse, res publica certe nihil possit, unus ille omnia possit, cum illo ipso contenderem? sic enim faciendum fuisset. non existimo, te putare id mihi suscipiendum fuisse.Source unit XML · 来源单元Also in · 亦见: An extortion trial as a system · 勒索案审判的制度与程序 cites · 引用
Editorial summary编辑摘要
Cicero reports Gabinius’ acquittal, with 32 votes to condemn among 70 votes cast, attacks the prosecution and jury, and explains why he did not prosecute. His expectation of failure at a future repetundae trial is still a forecast here.西塞罗记加比尼乌斯获释，70票中32票定罪；他攻击控方与陪审团，并解释自己何以未任起诉。关于后来勒索案败诉的说法，在此时仍是预测。
After the selection选段之后
In 3.4.3 Cicero answers Sallustius’ alternative suggestion that he should have defended Gabinius for Pompey’s sake. He invokes lasting disgrace and recalls his own forceful testimony. The following paragraph confirms how role and reputation matter to this letter.3.4.3 中西塞罗回应萨卢斯提乌斯的另一建议：为庞培而替加比尼乌斯辩护。他谈到永久的恶名，并回顾自己的严正证言。下文由此表明，诉讼角色与名誉正是此信的关切。
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3.4.3'alterutrum,' inquit idem Sallustius, 'defendisses idque Pompeio contendenti dedisses; etenim vehementer orabat.' Lepidum is amicum Sallustium, qui mihi aut inimicitias putet periculosas subeundas fuisse aut infamiam sempiternam! ego vero hac mediocritate delector, ac mihi illud iucundum est quod, cum testimonium secundum fidem et religionem gravissime dixissem, reus dixit, si in civitate licuisset sibi esse, mihi se satis facturum, neque me quicquam interrogavit.Source unit XML · 来源单元This was not a lost defence brief by Cicero. Vote counts are reported by an interested contemporary, not preserved ballot records.这不是西塞罗辩护败诉；票数来自利害相关的时人报告，并非存世选票。
Edition, reuse and extraction版本、复用与提取
Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University; Cicero. Ciceronis, M. Tullius. Epistulae, Vol. III. Purser, Louis Claude, editor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901.
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Continue in the builds转入关联读本
The cases Cicero took西塞罗所任讼案Cicero’s life through its sources循史料读西塞罗生平Corpus & Law演说与法律Cicero’s ancient readers西塞罗的古代读者