籬廬 magalia · Chronology · Events

Events · 事件

The named events of the chronology spine, each gathered into its own page: the ancient witnesses (Greek and Roman historians) who narrate it, the key figures who act in it, and its place on the timeline. 编年脊柱上的具名事件，各自成页：叙述它的古代见证（希腊与罗马史家）、登场的关键人物，及其在时间轴上的位置。

This is the static, no-JS index of all 41 event pages — battles, wars, campaigns, reigns, and dynasties. On the timeline these are reachable only by clicking dots; here every one has a plain, crawlable link. Dates shown come from each page's own header. 本页为全部 41 个事件页的静态（无需 JS）索引 —— 战役、战争、远征、在位与王朝。在交互时间轴上它们只能点选事件圆点抵达，此处则各有一条可被检索的普通链接；所示年代取自各页自身。

🕑 Back to the Chronology Spine → — see these events woven into the historians' interactive timeline. 返回编年轴：在史家交互时间轴上看这些事件如何彼此相连。

Greek wars & the Persian Wars · 希腊诸战与希波战争

From the Persian invasions through the great inter-Hellenic war. · 自波斯入侵至希腊城邦间的大战。

The Persian Wars 希波战争

490 BCE – 479 BCE

The Greek–Persian conflict; the parent arc of Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea. 希腊与波斯之战，下辖马拉松、温泉关、萨拉米斯与普拉提亚。

Battle of Marathon 马拉松战役

490 BCE

The Athenian repulse of the first Persian expedition. 雅典击退波斯首次远征。

Thermopylae & Artemisium 温泉关与阿尔忒弥西翁战役

480 BCE

The land–sea holding action against Xerxes' invasion. 抵御薛西斯入侵的陆海联防之战。

Battle of Salamis 萨拉米斯海战

480 BCE

The decisive Greek naval victory in the straits. 海峡中决定性的希腊海上大捷。

Plataea & Mycale 普拉提亚与米卡勒战役

479 BCE

The twin victories that ended the Persian invasion. 终结波斯入侵的两场胜利。

The Peloponnesian War 伯罗奔尼撒战争

431 BCE – 404 BCE

Athens against Sparta — the subject of Thucydides and Xenophon's Hellenica. 雅典与斯巴达之战，修昔底德与色诺芬《希腊史》所记。

Alexander & his campaigns · 亚历山大及其远征

The conquest of the Persian Empire and the march that framed Xenophon's earlier expedition. · 征服波斯帝国，及色诺芬更早一场远征的对照。

The March of the Ten Thousand 万人远征（长征记）

401 BCE – 399 BCE

The Greek mercenaries' retreat from Persia — Xenophon's Anabasis. 希腊雇佣兵自波斯撤退，色诺芬《长征记》。

Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝

336 BCE – 323 BCE

The reign and conquests of Alexander III of Macedon. 马其顿的亚历山大三世之在位与征服。

Battle of the Granicus 格拉尼库斯战役

334 BCE

Alexander's first great victory in Asia Minor. 亚历山大在小亚细亚的首场大捷。

Battle of Issus 伊苏斯战役

333 BCE

The defeat of Darius III in the Cilician plain. 于奇里乞亚平原击败大流士三世。

Battle of Gaugamela 高加米拉战役

331 BCE

The battle that broke Achaemenid Persia. 击垮阿契美尼德波斯之战。

Battle of the Hydaspes 希达斯佩斯河战役

326 BCE

Alexander's hard-won Indian victory over Porus. 亚历山大在印度险胜波鲁斯。

Hellenistic & Roman Republic wars · 希腊化与罗马共和国之战

The wars of the western Mediterranean and the East, down to the fall of the Republic. · 西地中海与东方的诸战，直至共和国之终。

The Syrian Wars 叙利亚战争

274 BCE – 168 BCE

The Seleucid–Ptolemaic struggle for Coele-Syria. 塞琉古与托勒密争夺叙利亚之战。

The Punic Wars 布匿战争

264 BCE – 146 BCE

Rome against Carthage — the contest for the western Mediterranean. 罗马与迦太基争夺西地中海之战。

Battle of the Trebia 特雷比亚战役

218 BCE

Hannibal's first major victory on Italian soil. 汉尼拔在意大利的首场大捷。

The Second Punic War 第二次布匿战争（汉尼拔战争）

218 BCE – 201 BCE

The Hannibalic War; Livy's third decade and Polybius. 汉尼拔战争，李维第三个十卷与波利比乌斯所记。

Battle of Lake Trasimene 特拉西梅诺湖战役

217 BCE

Hannibal's lakeside ambush of a Roman army. 汉尼拔在湖畔伏击罗马军。

Battle of Cannae 坎尼战役

216 BCE

The classic double envelopment; Rome's worst defeat. 经典的两翼包抄，罗马最惨重之败。

Battle of Zama 扎马战役

202 BCE

Scipio's victory over Hannibal that ended the war. 西庇阿击败汉尼拔，终结战争。

The Macedonian Wars 马其顿战争

214 BCE – 148 BCE

Rome's conquest of the Antigonid kingdom. 罗马征服安提柯王国之战。

Battle of Pydna 皮德纳战役

168 BCE

The legion's victory over the Macedonian phalanx. 军团战胜马其顿方阵。

The Jugurthine War 朱古达战争

112 BCE – 105 BCE

Rome's North African war; the subject of Sallust. 罗马北非之战，撒路斯提乌斯所记。

The Social War 同盟者战争

91 BCE – 88 BCE

The Italian allies' revolt over citizenship. 意大利同盟者为公民权而起的战争。

The Mithridatic Wars · 米特拉达梯战争

Rome against Mithridates VI of Pontus, in three phases. · 罗马与本都的米特拉达梯六世之战，分三阶段。

The Mithridatic Wars 米特拉达梯战争

89 BCE – 63 BCE

The parent arc of Rome's three eastern wars against Pontus. 罗马对本都三次东方战争的总轴。

First Mithridatic War 第一次米特拉达梯战争

89 BCE – 85 BCE

Sulla's campaign against the Pontic king. 苏拉对本都王的征讨。

Second Mithridatic War 第二次米特拉达梯战争

83 BCE – 81 BCE

The brief renewal of the eastern conflict. 东方战事的短暂再起。

Third Mithridatic War 第三次米特拉达梯战争

73 BCE – 63 BCE

The war concluded by Lucullus and Pompey. 由卢库卢斯与庞培了结之战。

The fall of the Republic · 共和国之倾覆

Conspiracy, civil war, and the battles that decided Rome's masters. · 阴谋、内战，及裁定罗马归属的诸役。

The Catilinarian Conspiracy 喀提林阴谋

63 BCE – 62 BCE

The plot against the Republic, met by Cicero and Sallust. 针对共和国的阴谋，西塞罗与撒路斯提乌斯所述。

Caesar's Civil War 凯撒内战

49 BCE – 45 BCE

Caesar against Pompey and the Senate. 凯撒对庞培与元老院之战。

Battle of Pharsalus 法萨卢斯战役

48 BCE

Caesar's decisive defeat of Pompey in Thessaly. 凯撒在色萨利决定性击败庞培。

Battle of Thapsus 塔普苏斯战役

46 BCE

Caesar's victory over the Pompeians in Africa. 凯撒在非洲击败庞培派。

Battle of Munda 蒙达战役

45 BCE

The last battle of the civil war, in Spain. 内战最后一役，发生于西班牙。

The Battle of Actium 阿克提乌姆海战

31 BCE

Octavian's naval victory over Antony and Cleopatra. 屋大维海上击败安东尼与克利奥帕特拉。

The Principate: emperors & the Julio-Claudians · 元首制：诸帝与尤利乌斯-克劳狄王朝

The first dynasty of emperors and the reigns that fill Tacitus and Suetonius. · 首个皇帝王朝及充满塔西佗、苏维托尼乌斯笔下的诸帝在位。

The Julio-Claudian Emperors 尤利乌斯-克劳狄王朝

14 CE – 68 CE

The first imperial dynasty, from Tiberius to Nero. 首个皇帝王朝，自提比略至尼禄。

Reign of Tiberius 提比略在位

14 CE – 37 CE

The successor of Augustus; the core of Tacitus' Annals. 奥古斯都之继任者，塔西佗《编年史》核心。

Reign of Caligula 卡利古拉在位

37 CE – 41 CE

The short, notorious reign of Gaius. 盖乌斯短暂而声名狼藉的统治。

Reign of Claudius 克劳狄乌斯在位

41 CE – 54 CE

The scholar-emperor and the conquest of Britain. 学者皇帝及征服不列颠。

Reign of Nero 尼禄在位

54 CE – 68 CE

The last Julio-Claudian; ends in revolt. 末位尤利乌斯-克劳狄皇帝，终于叛乱。

The First Jewish–Roman War 第一次犹太战争

66 CE – 70 CE

The revolt in Judaea; the subject of Josephus. 犹地亚之叛，约瑟夫斯所记。

The Year of the Four Emperors 四帝之年

69 CE

The civil war after Nero — Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian. 尼禄死后的内战：加尔巴、奥托、维特里乌斯、维斯帕先。

Later Empire · 后期帝国

Julian's Persian Campaign 尤利安波斯远征

363 CE

The emperor Julian's fatal expedition against Persia; Ammianus' eyewitness. 尤利安帝致命的波斯远征，阿米阿努斯亲历记之。
How to read these · 阅读说明: each event page lists the ancient historians who witness it and the figures who act in it, and locates it on the spine. Cards above are grouped by tradition and era; date ranges are taken verbatim from each page. The interactive view lives on the Chronology Spine, where these same events cascade into one another and hang dated editions beneath the historians who narrate them. 每个事件页列出叙述它的古代史家与登场人物，并将其定位于编年脊柱之上。上列卡片按传统与时代分组，年代逐字取自各页。交互视图见编年轴：同样的事件在此彼此级联，并将系年校勘本挂于叙述它们的史家之下。